Religion and Medicine I: Historical Background and Reasons for Separation

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 281 - 296, 27.12.2019

Harold Koenig Translator: Talip Demir

Abstract

Religion and medicine have a long, intertwined,
tumultuous history, going back thousands of years. Only within the past 200–300
years (less than 5 percent of recorded history) have these twin healing
traditions been clearly separate. This series on religion and medicine begins
with a historical review, proceeding from prehistoric times through ancient
Egypt, Greece, and early Christianity through the middle Ages, the Renaissance,
and the Age of Enlightenment, when the split between religion and medicine
became final and complete. Among the many reasons for the continued separation
is that religion may either be simply irrelevant to health or, worse, that it
may have a number of negative health effects. I review here both opinion and
Research supporting this claim.

Keywords

Religion, spirituality, history, medicine, psychology, health

Din ve Tıp I: Tarihsel Arka Plan ve Ayrışma Nedenleri

Abstract

Din ve tıbbın karşılıklı ilişkisi
binlerce yıl öncesine dayanan uzun, iç içe geçmiş, karmaşık bir tarihe
sahiptir. Sadece son 200–300 yıl içerisinde (kaydedilen tarihin %5’inden az) bu
iki şifa geleneği net bir biçimde birbirinden ayrılmıştır. Din ve tıp ilişkisi
üzerine yazılan makale serimizin ilki antik Mısır, Yunan ve erken Hristiyanlık
gibi tarih öncesi dönemlerden din ve tıp arasındaki bölünmenin kesinleşip
tamamlandığı Orta Çağlar, Rönesans ve Aydınlanma Çağı’na kadar olan dönemin
tarihsel açıdan incelenmesi ile başlamaktadır. Ayrışmanın kesintisiz bir
biçimde devam etmesinin nedenleri arasında dinin tek kelimeyle sağlık ile
ilgisiz olması ya da daha da kötüsü, sağlık üzerinde bazı olumsuz etkilere
sahip olabileceği gösterilebilir. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu iddiayı
destekleyecek araştırmalar ve görüşler ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Din, maneviyat, tarih, tıp, psikoloji, sağlık

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