It is well known that Europe does not accept the place of Muslims in the History of science. However, the new data obtained today, catalog studies have given a new perspective to the history of science. Fuat Sezgin, the famous historian sciences, has thought that science and technology are the common property of all humanity. Having devoted his life to showing the importance and place of Islam in the history of sciences and he brought a new perspective to it with his studies. He has achieved to a great extent the aim of demonstrating the share of Muslims in the common heritage with the Works he has written, the museums he has established and the instruments he has made. He also stated that Muslims develop some branches of science like maths, geometry, literatura, geography, poetry etc. as well as astronomy which they acquired knowledge from the Greeks an Indians. In addition, these he said that Muslims established new sciences and laid foundations pf these that have developed in Europe today. Aim of this article is to examine the Astronomy in the History of Islamic Science, which started from the first years of Islam and continued until the end of the 16th century. Sezgin tried to give place to the sixth volume of his German-based GAS, the 800-year scientific process of Muslims related to astronomy. Therefore, we tried to limit our research to only the sixth volume of Gas. After giving information about the birth, development and current state of astronomy in this volume, he has conveyed and discussed opinions about this science and the subjects of this science, especially from the undersecretaries, and made his own opinions together with his evidence. At the same time, the science of astronomy is transferred to the West and the stages of absorption are discussed in detail. He took the sources of Arab astronomy knowledge and mentioned Greek, Persian and Hind sources in chronological order. of his death in chronological order based on the death dates of the Islamic astronomical scholars. At the same time, the second volume of the catalog study “Science and Technique in Islam”, his another work, talks about the astronomical tools and observatories made by Muslims. Although he examined the stages of observatories in his work in detail, he included the tools used in these observatories in detail. In the catalog study of Sezgin, it is seen that he emphasizes the instruments in the field of astronomy more than the observatories. We believe that this is a conscious choice. Because with the catalog work prepared for the promotion of the tools made, he aimed to allocate the approach that ignores the contribution of the Islamic world in the field of astronomy as in other sciences. For this reason, he saw the best way to demonstrate the scientific contribution of Muslim Arabs in the perspective of universal science, as scientific and technical tools. He uncovered the unknowns and underlined the aspects that should be known by translating the information not available in the works written in different languages in the science of astronomy as in other disciplines. Stating that astronomy was the pioneer of the history of Islamic sciences, he also made some discoveries as a result of his studies in this field. These are: the fact that the first observatories in history were established by Muslims, the level of observatories in the history of Islamic science in the modern world, the level of astrolabe models made by Muslims in history, the fact that the models of astrolabe in Europe could not be made, Muslims were at a very advanced level in terms of mechanical watches and the first hours that showed the minutes Copernicus's planetary theories were based on the planetary models of Muslim astronomers Shirazi, Satir and Tusi. Sezgin has succeeded in proving that many of the foundations of astronomical developments in the West have been laid by Muslim astronomers and the museums they have established.
Ülkemizin yetiştirmiş olduğu meşhur bilimler tarihçisi Fuat Sezgin, bilim ve teknolojinin bütün insanlığın ortak malı olduğunu düşünmektedir. Sezgin, çalışmalarını İslam biliminin 800 yıllık yaratıcı safhasının tüm yönleriyle ortaya çıkarılması ve tanıtılması üzerine temellendirmiştir. Sezgin, kaleme almış olduğu eserleri, kurmuş olduğu müzeler ve yapmış olduğu aletlerle Müslümanların ortak mirastaki payını gösterme amacını büyük oranda başarmıştır. Şüphesiz Orta Çağ İslam biliminin en başarılı olduğu alanlardan biri de astronomi olmuştur. Sezgin’in, İslam astronomi tarihi alanında çok önemli tespitleri olduğu gibi gün yüzüne çıkardığı birçok eser ve pek çok alet bulunmaktadır. Sezgin, Orta Çağ’da Müslüman astronomların sadece Yunanlılar ve Hintlilerden tercümeyle yetinmediklerini, yoğun yaratıcı süreçte bugün Avrupa’da gelişmiş olan pek çok bilimin de temellerini attıklarını belirtmiştir. İlk rasathanelerin Müslümanlar tarafından kurulduğunu belirten Sezgin, bugün Batı’da o dönemdeki rasathanelerin elde ettiği neticeleri geliştirecek düzeyde bir çalışma yapılamadığını belirtmiştir. Aynı zamanda Kepler ve Kopernik’in gezegen modellerinin Müslüman astronomların gezegen modellerinden yola çıkarak elde edildiğini söyleyen Sezgin, astronominin en önemli aleti olan usturlabın Müslüman astronomlar tarafından yapılan modellemelerinin bugün Avrupa’da geçilemediğini belirtmiştir. Bu çalışmada Fuat Sezgin’in İslam bilim tarihi çalışmalarında İslam’ın ilk yıllarından başlayarak 16. yüzyılın sonuna kadar devam eden astronomi örneği incelenecektir. Sezgin, astronomi tarihi ile ilgili çalışmalarını Almanca asıllı GAS adlı eserinin 6. cildinde toplamaya çalışmıştır. Benzer şekilde Türkçeye de çevrilen “İslam’da Bilim ve Teknik” adlı beş ciltten oluşan diğer çalışmasının II. cildi de yine astronomi alanında yaptığı önemli çalışmalarını içermektedir. Biz çalışmamızı bu iki eserde yer alan bilgilerden yola çıkarak şekillendirmeye çalışacağız.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Studies on Education |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | June 21, 2020 |
Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: 1 |