It is seen that Arabic Language and Rhetoric lessons, whose education and students have increased considerably in recent years, are faced with difficulties in developing methods by the practitioner and in the level of understanding and application by the target group. In the research, it is aimed to identify the methodological problems encountered by non-Arabic speaking students in Turkish universities in rhetoric education, and to offer solutions by using simple and accessible methods that are far from verbal and semantic complexity.
In the research, instead of using numerical data, qualitative data collection methods such as document analysis based on general observations and exam evaluations experienced during the lessons were used, and the perceptions and events experienced in their natural environment were tried to be revealed by induction technique. Based on the general findings obtained as the practitioners of the course, interpretation and solution suggestions were tried to be produced within the framework of cause-effect relationships.
The rhetoric lesson is a difficult field due to its structure. It has many difficulties related to comprehension, assimilation, and application, which is more difficult for non-Arab students, which occurs at the levels of remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, evaluating, accepting and responding to the material. These difficulties are those related to the lesson itself. Another issue is related to the order of presentation of the sub-disciplines of rhetoric education given in Turkish universities. In addition to the reasons arising from the student who does not speak Arabic some of these problems are related to the instructor, teaching methods and teaching tools. And also, the time allotted for teaching the arts of rhetoric also prevents the rhetoric lesson from being fully learned. The following methods should be used to solve the aforementioned problems: Lecture method, discussion and dialogue method, brainstorming method, problem solving method, collective learning method and distance education method when appropriate.
Even if it is difficult, the science of rhetoric should be taught through the literary text. In rhetoric lessons, it is important to select literary texts that are related to the students' environment and society, and to use the texts in daily conversations. It is necessary to use more concrete concepts and modern techniques such as live examples, scenes, painting, and film in the environment. Sometimes it will be very effective to choose the literary sample from Turkish. When quoting the verses of the Qur'an, the verses should be explained in terms of grammar before mentioning the concepts of rhetoric. Activities and competitions in different formats should be included in the education process. The originality of the Turkish student's own culture should not be ignored, and local passages should be produced without damaging the essence of Arabic language rhetoric by searching and seeking academics or lecturers who are assigned to teach rhetoric. In addition, in-class activities such as oral questions and answers, quizzes and tests should be emphasized during the lesson and the weak areas of the students should be supported. In the teaching of both Arabic grammar and Arabic rhetoric, instead of classical rhetoric teaching methods, the use of advanced teaching strategies should be preferred, as they help to strengthen the thinking, reasoning, and discussion skills of students, motivate them to teamwork, and increase their desire and motivation. In order to increase students' self-confidence and improve their creativity and expression skills, it seems essential to give more importance to their ideas, even to highlight them.
Söz dağarcığı, gramer ve kültürel içerik yönünden farklı olmakla birlikte dünya dillerinden hiç birisi söz sanatlarından uzak değildir. Arap gramerini öğretmede belli bir aşama kaydedilmiş ve bu alanda çok çok sayıda araştırma ortaya konmuş olsa da son yıllarda Türkiye’de eğitimi ve öğrenci sayısı sürekli artan Arapça belagat dersleri için aynı şeyi söylemek oldukça zordur. Arapça söz sanatlarını ve terimlerini ögrenmek Arapçayı ana dili olarak konuşanlar için doğası gereği daha kolay olabilir ancak ana dili Arapça olmayan belagat öğrencisi için durum farklıdır. Ayrıca uygulayıcı tarafından yöntem geliştirme, hedef kitle tarafından da anlama ve uygulama düzeyinde zorluklarla karşılaşıldığı görülmektedir. Araştırmada, Türk üniversitelerindeki Arapça dışında farklı dil kullanan öğrencilerin Arapça belagat eğitiminde karşılaştıkları yöntemsel sorunların tespiti, sözel ve anlamsal karmaşıklıktan uzak, sade ve uygulanabilir yöntemleri içeren çözümler sunulması hedeflenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemine dayalı gözlem tekniği ile fiilen derste elde edinilen genel izlenimler ve Arapça ile Türkçe belagat kaynakların öğrenci üzerindeki yansımaları takip edilerek çalışma ortaya konmuş ve buna bağlı olarak sorunlar ile çözüm önerilerine ulaşılmıştır. Belagat eğitiminden önce öğrencinin hedef dilin temel becerilerine hâkim olması gerektiği, gramerde belli bir yetkinliğe ulaşmadıkça belagatin inceliklerine aşina olmanın oldukça zor olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca zengin bir dil olan Arapçayı öğrenmek için kısa bir zaman yeterli gelmemektedir. Sorunun çözümü için gramer ve belagat düzleminde sıralı bir eğitim, öğreniciyi derse bağlayacak uygun yöntemler kullanılması belagatin güzelliklerini görmeye ve ondan zevk almaya vesile olacağı düşüncesi ortaya çıkmıştır.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Religious Studies |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 24, 2023 |
Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2 |