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Frequency of Three-Rooted Mandibular Permanent Molars in Anatolia from the Middle Ages to the Present

Year 2019, Issue: 37, 1 - 6, 15.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.461854

Abstract

Teeth are among the structures of the skeleton which are most resistant against external effects. It has also been put forth in population, family and twin studies examining the impacts of genes and the environment that tooth development is generally affected less from environmental factors and that it has a significant genetic component. It is possible to understand the biocultural kindredship relations, oral health, relationship between oral health and life style and nutritional habits by taking metric measurements from tooth, examining pathologic formations or variations. In our study, three-rooted mandibular permanent molars have been examined from among the root variations in teeth and it has been examined whether there has been any change in Anatolia from the past to the present. Three different populations were examined in our study; two of which were from the Medieval Period and one was current population. It is known that teeth variations differ geographically and that three-rooted mandibular permanent molars are of Asiatic origin. Whereas three-root was not observed in the first molar teeth in our current population, it was observed that the ratio of three-root in the second molar teeth declined significantly from the past to the present. It has been determined in studies carried out on different populations in Turkey that no significant changes have been observed between Anatolian populations of the past and today’s populations and that the ratios are close to each other.

References

  • Akpınar, K.E., Ay, S., Er, K., Köşger, H.H. (2004) “Türk Toplumunda Alt Molar Dişlerin Kök ve Kanal Sayıları”, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 5(3), 123-127.
  • Biggerstaff, R.H. (1970) “Morphological Variations For The Permanent Mandibular First Molars In Human Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins”, Archives of Oral Biology 15, 721-730.
  • Corruccini, R.S., Sharma, K., Yappotter, R.H. (1986) “Comparative Genetic Variance and Heritability of Dental Occlusal Variables in U.S. and Nortwest Indian Twins”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 70, 293-299.
  • Curzon, M.E.J. (1974) “Miscegenation and the prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars in the Baffin Eskimo”, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2 (2), 130–131.
  • Drusini, A.G., and Swindler, D.R. (2009) “Frequency and variation of three-rooted lower first permanent molars in precontact Easter Islanders and in Pre-Conquest Peruvians”, Dental Anthropology 22 (2), 1-6.
  • Erkman, A.C, Kaya, F. (2014) “Morphological variations of three-rooted mandibular molars in ancient Anatolian populations (Dilkaya Mound, Van, Turkey): A literature review on world populations”, Mediaterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 14(1), 1-11.
  • Garg, A.K., Tewari, R.K., Kumar, A., Hashmi, S.H., Agrawal, N., Mishra, S.K. (2010) “Permanent of three-rooted mandibular permanent molar first molars among the Indian population”, American Associatio of Endodontists, 36, 1302-1306.
  • Gulabivala, K., Aung, T.H., Alavi, A., Ng, Y.L. 2001, “Root and canal morphology of Burmese mandibular molars”, Int Endod J, 34(5), 259-70.
  • Harris, E.F. ve Bailit, H.L. (1980). “The Metaconule: A Morphologic and Familial Analysis of A Molar Cusp in Humans”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 53, 349-358.
  • Hillson, S. (2005) Teeth, Cambridge University Press.
  • Kayapınar, L., Ayönü, Y. (2015) “14. ve 15. Yüzyıllarda Anadolu’ya ve Balkanlar’a Türklerin Göçü”, Türkiye’nin Göç Tarihi: 14. Yüzyıldan 21. Yüzyıla Türkiye’ye Göçler, M.M. Erdoğan, A. Kaya, (Eds.). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 15-34.
  • Kim, K.R., Song, J.S., Kim, S.O., Kim, S.H., Park, W., Son, H.K. (2013) “Morphological changes in the crown of mandibular molars with an additional distolingual root”, Archives of Oral biology, 58, 248-253.
  • Lee, G.T.R. ve Goose, D.H. (1972) “The inheritance of Dental Traits in A Chinese Population in The United Kingdom”, Journal of Medical Genetics 9, 336-339.
  • Loh, H.S. (1990) “Incidence and features of three-rooted permanent mandibular molars”, Aust Dent J, 35(5), 434-7.
  • Matsumura, H., Hudson, M.J. (2005) “Dental Perspectives on The Population History of Southeast Asia”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 127, 182-209.
  • Ming-Gene, T., Chi-Cheng, T., Ming-Jia, J., Lie C., Yu-Fang, C., San-Yue, C., and Hui-Wen, C. (2007) “Prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars among Taiwanese individuals”, J Endodontics 33, 1163-1166.
  • Nichol, C.R. (1989) “Complex Segregation Analysis of Dental Morphological Variants”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 78, 37-59.
  • Ossenberg, NS. (1976) "Within and Between Race Distances in Population Studies Based on Discrete Traits of the Human Skull", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 45, 701-716.
  • Quackenbush, LE. (1986) “Mandibular molar with three distal root canals”, Endod Dent Traumatol, 2(1), 48-49.
  • Rashid, AM., Suliman, AA. (2006) “Incidence of third root in mandibular permanent first molar: An endodontic challenge”, Al-Rafidan Dent J. 6(2), 194-198.Saunders SR., (1989) “Nonmetric skeletal variation” Reconstruction of Life From the Skeleton, M.Y. İşcan, K.A.R Kennedy, (Eds.). Alan R. Liss. Inc, 95-108.
  • Scott, G.R., Turner II, C.G. (1988) “Dental Anthropology”, Ann. Rev. Anthropol 17, 99-126.
  • Scott, G.R., Turner II, C.G. (2008). “History of Dental Anthropology” Technique and Application in Dental Anthropology, J.D. Irish, G.C. Nelson. (Eds.). University of Cambridge Press, 10-34.
  • Shahi, S., Yavari, H.R., Rahimi, S., Torkamani, R. (2008) “Root canal morphology of human mandibular first permanent molars in an Iranian population”, JODDD 2 (1), 20-23.
  • Sofaer, J.A., Niswander, J.D., MacLean, C.J. (1972) "Population Studies on Southwestern Indian Tribes, V. Tooth Morphology As An Indicator Of Biological Distances", American Journal of Physical Anthropology 37, 357-366.
  • Sperber, G.H, Moreau, J.L. (1998) “Study of the number of roots and canals in Senegalese first permanent mandibular molars”, International Endodontic Journal 31, 117-122.
  • Steelman, R. (1986) “Incidence of an accessory distal root on mandibular first permanent molars in Hispanic children”, ASDC J Dent Child 53 (2), 122-123.
  • Şeker, M. (2002) “Anadolu’nun Türk Vatanı Haline Gelmesi”, Türkler 6, H.C. Güzel, K. Çiçek, S. Koca. (Eds.). Ankara, 269-282.
  • Taylor, A.E. (1899) “Variations in the human tooth-form as met with in isolated teeth”, J. Anat. Physiol 33, 268-272.
  • Tratman, E.K. (1938) “Three-rooted lower molars in man and their racial distribution”, Br. Dent. J. 64, 264-274.
  • Tu, M.G., Liu, J.F., Dai, P.W., Chen, S.Y., Hsu, J.T., Huang, H.L. (2010) “Prevalence of Three-rooted Primary Mandibular First Molars in Taiwan”, J. Formos Med Assoc 109 (1), 69-74.
  • Tu, M.G., Tsai, C.C., Jou, M.J., Chen, W.L., Chang, Y.F, Chen, S.Y. (2007) “Prevalence of three-rooted mandibular fisrt molars among Taiwanese individuals”, J. Endod. 33 (10), 1163-6.
  • Turner, C.G. (1971) “Three-rooted mandibular first permanent molars and the question of American Indians origins”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 34, 229 242.
  • Wood, B.F., Green, L.J. (1969) “Second Premolar Morphologic Trait Similarities in Twins” Journal of Dental Research 48, 74-87.
  • Younes, S.A., Al-Shammery, A.R., El-Angbawi, M.F. (1990) “Three-rooted permanent mandibular first molars of Asian and black groups in the Middle East”, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology 69, 102-105.

Orta Çağ’dan Günümüze Anadolu’da Üç Köklü Mandibular Daimî Molar Dişlerin Görülme Sıklıkları

Year 2019, Issue: 37, 1 - 6, 15.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.461854

Abstract

Dişler iskeletin dış etkilere en dayanıklı yapılarındandır. Genlerin ve çevrenin etkilerinin araştırıldığı popülasyon, aile ve ikiz çalışmalarında da diş gelişiminin genellikle çevresel faktörlerden daha az etkilendiği ve önemli bir genetik bileşene sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Biyokültürel akrabalık ilişkilerini, ağız sağlığını, ağız sağlığı ile yaşam biçimi ve beslenme alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişkileri; ele geçen dişlerden metrik ölçümler alarak, patolojik oluşumları ya da varyasyonları inceleyerek anlamak mümkündür. Araştırmamızda dişlerde kök varyasyonlarından üç köklü mandibular molar dişler incelenmiş, Anadolu’da geçmişten günümüze bir değişimin olup olmadığına bakılmıştır. Çalışmamızda Ortaçağ’dan iki ve günümüzden bir olmak üzere üç ayrı topluluk incelenmiştir. Diş varyasyonlarının coğrafi farklılık gösterdiği ve üç köklü mandibular molar dişlerin Asyatik kökenli olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre günümüz toplumunda birinci molar dişlerde üç köke rastlanmazken ikinci molar dişlerde üç kök oranının geçmişten günümüze büyük oranda düşüş gösterdiği görülmüştür. Türkiye’de daha önce yapılmış farklı topluluklara ait çalışmalarda ise eski Anadolu toplumları ile günümüz toplumları arasında önemli bir değişim gözlenmediği, oranların birbirine yakın olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Akpınar, K.E., Ay, S., Er, K., Köşger, H.H. (2004) “Türk Toplumunda Alt Molar Dişlerin Kök ve Kanal Sayıları”, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 5(3), 123-127.
  • Biggerstaff, R.H. (1970) “Morphological Variations For The Permanent Mandibular First Molars In Human Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins”, Archives of Oral Biology 15, 721-730.
  • Corruccini, R.S., Sharma, K., Yappotter, R.H. (1986) “Comparative Genetic Variance and Heritability of Dental Occlusal Variables in U.S. and Nortwest Indian Twins”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 70, 293-299.
  • Curzon, M.E.J. (1974) “Miscegenation and the prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars in the Baffin Eskimo”, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2 (2), 130–131.
  • Drusini, A.G., and Swindler, D.R. (2009) “Frequency and variation of three-rooted lower first permanent molars in precontact Easter Islanders and in Pre-Conquest Peruvians”, Dental Anthropology 22 (2), 1-6.
  • Erkman, A.C, Kaya, F. (2014) “Morphological variations of three-rooted mandibular molars in ancient Anatolian populations (Dilkaya Mound, Van, Turkey): A literature review on world populations”, Mediaterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 14(1), 1-11.
  • Garg, A.K., Tewari, R.K., Kumar, A., Hashmi, S.H., Agrawal, N., Mishra, S.K. (2010) “Permanent of three-rooted mandibular permanent molar first molars among the Indian population”, American Associatio of Endodontists, 36, 1302-1306.
  • Gulabivala, K., Aung, T.H., Alavi, A., Ng, Y.L. 2001, “Root and canal morphology of Burmese mandibular molars”, Int Endod J, 34(5), 259-70.
  • Harris, E.F. ve Bailit, H.L. (1980). “The Metaconule: A Morphologic and Familial Analysis of A Molar Cusp in Humans”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 53, 349-358.
  • Hillson, S. (2005) Teeth, Cambridge University Press.
  • Kayapınar, L., Ayönü, Y. (2015) “14. ve 15. Yüzyıllarda Anadolu’ya ve Balkanlar’a Türklerin Göçü”, Türkiye’nin Göç Tarihi: 14. Yüzyıldan 21. Yüzyıla Türkiye’ye Göçler, M.M. Erdoğan, A. Kaya, (Eds.). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 15-34.
  • Kim, K.R., Song, J.S., Kim, S.O., Kim, S.H., Park, W., Son, H.K. (2013) “Morphological changes in the crown of mandibular molars with an additional distolingual root”, Archives of Oral biology, 58, 248-253.
  • Lee, G.T.R. ve Goose, D.H. (1972) “The inheritance of Dental Traits in A Chinese Population in The United Kingdom”, Journal of Medical Genetics 9, 336-339.
  • Loh, H.S. (1990) “Incidence and features of three-rooted permanent mandibular molars”, Aust Dent J, 35(5), 434-7.
  • Matsumura, H., Hudson, M.J. (2005) “Dental Perspectives on The Population History of Southeast Asia”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 127, 182-209.
  • Ming-Gene, T., Chi-Cheng, T., Ming-Jia, J., Lie C., Yu-Fang, C., San-Yue, C., and Hui-Wen, C. (2007) “Prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars among Taiwanese individuals”, J Endodontics 33, 1163-1166.
  • Nichol, C.R. (1989) “Complex Segregation Analysis of Dental Morphological Variants”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 78, 37-59.
  • Ossenberg, NS. (1976) "Within and Between Race Distances in Population Studies Based on Discrete Traits of the Human Skull", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 45, 701-716.
  • Quackenbush, LE. (1986) “Mandibular molar with three distal root canals”, Endod Dent Traumatol, 2(1), 48-49.
  • Rashid, AM., Suliman, AA. (2006) “Incidence of third root in mandibular permanent first molar: An endodontic challenge”, Al-Rafidan Dent J. 6(2), 194-198.Saunders SR., (1989) “Nonmetric skeletal variation” Reconstruction of Life From the Skeleton, M.Y. İşcan, K.A.R Kennedy, (Eds.). Alan R. Liss. Inc, 95-108.
  • Scott, G.R., Turner II, C.G. (1988) “Dental Anthropology”, Ann. Rev. Anthropol 17, 99-126.
  • Scott, G.R., Turner II, C.G. (2008). “History of Dental Anthropology” Technique and Application in Dental Anthropology, J.D. Irish, G.C. Nelson. (Eds.). University of Cambridge Press, 10-34.
  • Shahi, S., Yavari, H.R., Rahimi, S., Torkamani, R. (2008) “Root canal morphology of human mandibular first permanent molars in an Iranian population”, JODDD 2 (1), 20-23.
  • Sofaer, J.A., Niswander, J.D., MacLean, C.J. (1972) "Population Studies on Southwestern Indian Tribes, V. Tooth Morphology As An Indicator Of Biological Distances", American Journal of Physical Anthropology 37, 357-366.
  • Sperber, G.H, Moreau, J.L. (1998) “Study of the number of roots and canals in Senegalese first permanent mandibular molars”, International Endodontic Journal 31, 117-122.
  • Steelman, R. (1986) “Incidence of an accessory distal root on mandibular first permanent molars in Hispanic children”, ASDC J Dent Child 53 (2), 122-123.
  • Şeker, M. (2002) “Anadolu’nun Türk Vatanı Haline Gelmesi”, Türkler 6, H.C. Güzel, K. Çiçek, S. Koca. (Eds.). Ankara, 269-282.
  • Taylor, A.E. (1899) “Variations in the human tooth-form as met with in isolated teeth”, J. Anat. Physiol 33, 268-272.
  • Tratman, E.K. (1938) “Three-rooted lower molars in man and their racial distribution”, Br. Dent. J. 64, 264-274.
  • Tu, M.G., Liu, J.F., Dai, P.W., Chen, S.Y., Hsu, J.T., Huang, H.L. (2010) “Prevalence of Three-rooted Primary Mandibular First Molars in Taiwan”, J. Formos Med Assoc 109 (1), 69-74.
  • Tu, M.G., Tsai, C.C., Jou, M.J., Chen, W.L., Chang, Y.F, Chen, S.Y. (2007) “Prevalence of three-rooted mandibular fisrt molars among Taiwanese individuals”, J. Endod. 33 (10), 1163-6.
  • Turner, C.G. (1971) “Three-rooted mandibular first permanent molars and the question of American Indians origins”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 34, 229 242.
  • Wood, B.F., Green, L.J. (1969) “Second Premolar Morphologic Trait Similarities in Twins” Journal of Dental Research 48, 74-87.
  • Younes, S.A., Al-Shammery, A.R., El-Angbawi, M.F. (1990) “Three-rooted permanent mandibular first molars of Asian and black groups in the Middle East”, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology 69, 102-105.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Anthropology, Archaeology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yarenkür Alkan 0000-0002-8339-5655

Seçil Sağır 0000-0001-9291-8406

Publication Date June 15, 2019
Submission Date September 20, 2018
Acceptance Date December 27, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 37

Cite

APA Alkan, Y., & Sağır, S. (2019). Frequency of Three-Rooted Mandibular Permanent Molars in Anatolia from the Middle Ages to the Present. Antropoloji(37), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.461854

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