Yangın olguları ve adli antropoloji

Year 2018, Issue: 35, 63 - 81, 30.06.2018

Özlem Mehder

https://doi.org/10.1501/antro_0000000354

Abstract

Yangınlar, adli bilimler açısından önemli yere sahip olgular içermektedir. Bu tür
olgularda interdisipliner çalışmalar aracılığıyla olay yerinden elde edilen bulgular
değerlendirilmeli ve laboratuvar analizleriyle karşılaştırılmalıdır. Böylece vaka
analizleridaha güvenilir şekilde yapılmakta ve kimliklendirme çalışmalarına katkıda
bulunmaktadır.
Kemik ve dişler diğer iskelet bileşenlerine göre termal etkenlere karşı daha
dayanıklıdır. Bu nedenle yangın olgularında temel olarak adli antropoloji ve adli
odontoloji yaklaşımlarından yararlanılmaktadır. Adli antropoloji, termal etkenlerin
vücutta yarattığı değişimleri adli tıp ve adli patoloji gibi bilim dallarından yardım
alarak tanımlamaktadır. Buna ek olarak iskeletlerdeki travma tiplerini tanımlayarak
yangın olgusunun kasıtlı olup olmadığını belirlemeye yardımcı olmaktadır. Ayrıca
adli antropoloji, iskelet üzerinde kimliklendirmeye yardımcı olabilecek patoloji,
anomali ve varyasyon gibi göstergeleri belirlemekte; yaş ve cinsiyet gibi ölçütleri
değerlendirerek biyolojik profil oluşturulmasını sağlamaktadır.
Kemikler, yangın olgularında ulaşılabilen temel kalıntılardan olduğu için adli
antropolojinin bu tür olgularda aktif bir biçimde yer alması gerekmektedir. Adli
antropoloji, yangın olgularında adli bilimlerin farklı disiplinleriyle birlikte
çalışmalı, farklı nitelikteki yangın olguları için çeşitli teknikler test edilerek daha
güvenilir sonuçlar için örnek modeller oluşturulmalıdır

Keywords

Adli antropoloji, yangın, kimliklendirme, insan osteolojisi, iskelet travmaları

Cases of Fire and Forensic Anthropology

Abstract

The fires include facts which have important points in terms of forensic sciences.In
such cases, findings obtained from the site through interdisciplinary studies should
be assessed and compared with laboratory analyses.Thus, the cases are analyzed
more reliably and they contribute to identification studies.
Bones and teeth are more resistant to thermal effects than other skeletal
components. For this reason, forensic anthropology and forensic odontology
approaches are mainly used in fire cases. Forensic anthropology describes the
changes in the body caused by thermal factors with the help of scientific branches,
such as forensic medicine and forensic pathology. Additionaly, this subdiscipline
identifies trauma types in skeletons to help determine whether the emergence of a
fire is deliberate. It also defines indicators such as pathology, anomaly and
variation that can help to identify the skeleton and it provides help for composing a
biological profile by evaluating criteria such as age and sex.
Bones are among the basic remnants that can be reached in fire cases. For this
reason, forensic anthropology should be actively considered in such cases. Forensic
anthropology should work with different disciplines of forensic sciences. Various
techniques should be tested for different types of fire cases. In addition, sample
models should be created for more reliable result

Keywords

Forensic anthropology, fire, identification, human osteology, skeletal traumas

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