Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Age Related Morphological Variations Observed in Facial Region in Forensic Identification

Year 2015, Issue: 30, 75 - 90, 30.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.1501/antro_0000000322

Abstract

The main point of facial reconstruction, craniofacial superimposition, facial tissue thicknesses and age progression, which are included in the field of study of Forensic Anthropology, is the human face. Face and the characteristical features of the face are of vital importance with regard to identification in finding missing persons and solving forensic cases. In this study, the structure of the face, formation of facial aging, factors of aging and underlying reasons were presented in detail. Furthermore, the importance of finding out the facial aging characteristics in order to be a reference for age progression studies in our country was emphasized and the study was forwarded in a review article format

References

  • Adams, BJ. (2007) Forensic Anthropology, New York: Infobase Publishing.
  • Akın, G. (2001) Antropometri ve Ergonomi, İnkansa Ofset Matbaacılık, S.35.
  • Auge, M., Colleyn,JP. (2005) Antropoloji, Ankara: Dost Kitapevi Yayınları, s.7-25.
  • Black, S. (2010) Adli Antropoloji, Prof. Dr. Sue Black ile röportaj, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. 11.10.2010.
  • Baumann, L. (2003) Kozmetik Dermatoloji. Çev: Eken A., Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri Kitabevi,; 13-29.
  • Benedetto, AV. (1998) “The environment and skin aging”, Clin Dermatol, 16(1):129-135.
  • Bishara, SE., Treder, JE., Jakobsen, JR. (1994) “Facial and dental changes in adulthood” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 106 (2):175-185.
  • Bowden, DM., Williams, DO. (1984) Aging. In (eds) Cornelius, CE., Simpson CF., Hendrickx, AG., Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine, New York: Academic Press.
  • Boissieux, L., Kiss, G., Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Kalra, P. “Simulation of skin aging and wrinkles with cosmetics insight,” in Proceedings of Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation (EGCAS ’00), pp. 15–27, Interlaken, Switzerland, August 2000.
  • Bozbıyık, A. (2003) Antropometrik veriler kullanarak fotoğrafların karşılaştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Braun-Falco, O., Plewing, G., Wolf, HH., Burgdorf, WHC. (2000), Dermatology, 2.Baskı, Berlin: Springer Verlag.
  • Chung, JH. Et al. (2003) “Aging and photoaging”, J Am Acad Dermatol, 49, S. 690- 697.
  • Coleman, SR., Grover, R. (2006) “The Anatomy of the Aging Face: Volume Loss and Changes in 3-Dimensional Topography”, Aesthetic Surg J,;26(suppl):S4- S9.
  • Coleman, SR. (2004) Structural Fat Grafting. St. Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing.
  • Creutz, U. (1977) “Architecture of the human skullcap in the region of the parts bregmatica suturae sagittalis. I. Age dependence”, Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrab, 123: 666–688.
  • Cunningham, WM. (1998), “Aging and photoaging”. In: Baran R, Maibach H. Textbook of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2 nd edition. London, Martin Dunitz Ltd, S. 455-467.
  • Çöloğlu, S., İşcan, MY. (1998) Adli Osteoloji, İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü Yayınları, Rek. No:4150, Dilek Ofset Matbaacılık.
  • Day, DJ., Et al. (2004), “The wrinkle severity rating system: a validation study”, 5:49.
  • Dönderici, L.,Taşpınar, A. (1994), “Deri Yaşlanması” T Klin Dermatoloji, 4:56-61.
  • Duyar, İ. (1994), “Fizik Antropoloji ve Antropometri”, Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Sayı:320:22-7.
  • Enlow, D. (1968) The human face: An account of the postnatal growth and development of the craniofacial skeleton, New York: Hoeber Medical Division, Harper & Row,
  • Enlow, DH., Hans, MG. (1996) Essentials of Facial Growth, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
  • Ergenekon, G., Aybey B. (2004) “Cilt yaşlanmasına bilimsel bakış” Endokrinolojide Diyalog, Cilt 1, Sayı 1,
  • Feik, SA., Glover, JE. (1998) Growth of children's faces. In: J. G. Clement and D. L. Ranson, (eds.) Craniofacial Identification in Forensic Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 204-224.
  • Fitzpatrick, RE., Et al. (1996) “Pulsed carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of photo- aged facial skin”, Arc Dermatol, 132:95.
  • Furuya, Y., Edwards, MS., Alpers, CE., Tress, BM., Ousterhout, DK., Norman, D., (1984) “Computerized tomography of cranial sutures. Part 1: Comparison of suture anatomy in children and adults”, J Neurosurg, 61: 53–58.
  • Glogau, RG. (1994) “Chemical peeling and aging skin”, J. Geriatric Dermatol, Vol 2(1):31.
  • Gosain, AK., Et al., (2005) “A volumetric analysis of soft-tissue changes in the aging midface using high-resolution MRI: implications for facial rejuvenation”, Plast Reconstr Surg,115:1143-1152.
  • Guinot C., Et al. (2002) “Relative Contribution of Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors to skin Aging as Determined by a Validated Skin Age Score”, Arch Dermatol, 138:1453-1460.
  • Güngörmüş, S. (2008) İnsan Yüzü Ve Fotoğraflarından Alınan Antropometrik Ölçülerle Kimlik Tespiti Ve Cinsiyet Tayini, Y. Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Hamilton, DG. (1998) “A Classification of the aging face and its relatioship to remedies”, J Clin Dermatol, Summer, 35.
  • Hogarth, B. (1965) Drawing the human head, New York: Watson-Guptill.
  • Horng, WB., Lee, CP., Chen, CW. (2001) “Classification of Age Groups Based on Facial Features” Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, 4 (3):183-192.
  • İşcan, MY. (1993) Introduction of Techniques for Photographic Comparison: Potential and Problems, In: Forensic Analysis of the Skull, Ed. İşcan, MY., Helmer, RP., New York: Wiley – Liss, p. 57-70.
  • İşcan, MY. (2001) “Special issue: Forensic Anthropology in the 21st century”, Forensic Science International, 117 (1-2):1-152.
  • Kahler, K. (2003) A head model with anatomical structure for facial modelling and animation. PhD Thesis, Saarbrücken: Saarland University.
  • Kirman, R. (1999) Türk toplumuna özgü fasiyal yumuşak doku kalınlıkları, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü.
  • Koç, E., Kurumlu, Z. (2008) “Yaşlanma ve Deri” Yalçın Tüzün et al (ed) Dermatoloji, 3. Baskı, İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, Cilt 2, s.2323-2335.
  • Kohn, RR., (1971) Principles of mammalian aging, Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice- Hall.
  • Krogman, WM., İşcan, MY., (1986) The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine, 2nd Edition, İllionis:Charles C. Thomas Publisher, s.90-485.
  • Lapiere, CM. (1990), “The ageing dermis: the main cause fort he appearance of old skin”, Br J Dermatol, 122 Suppl 35:5-11.
  • Larnier, C., Et al. (1994) “Evaluation of cutaneous photodamage using a photographic scale”, Br J Dermatol, 130:167.
  • Lemperle, G., Holmes, RE., Cohen, SR., Lemperle, SM. (2001), “A Classification Of Facial Wrinkles”, Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery, Vol. 108, No. 6, 1735-1750.
  • Lee, WS., Wu, Y., Magnenat-Thalmann, N. (1999) “Cloning and aging in a VR family,” in Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality 61–68, Houston, Tex, USA.
  • Libal, A. (2006) Forensic Anthropology, Pennsylvania: Mason Crest Publishers Inc.
  • Little, JW. (2000) “Volumetric perceptions in midfacial aging with altered priorities for rejuvenation”, Plast Reconstr Surg,105:252-266.
  • Manhein, MH. (1999) The Bone Lady, New York: Penguin Books.
  • Manhein, MH. (2008), The Louisiana State University (LSU) Forensic Anthropology and Computer Enhancement Services (FACES) Laboratory, In: The Forensic Anthropology Laboratory, Eds. Warren, MW., Walsh- Haney,HA., Laurel, EF., New York: CRC Press.
  • Mark, LS., Et al. (1980) “Wrinkling and head shape as coordinated sources of age- level information”, Perception & Psychophysics, Vol. 27(2), 117-124.
  • McQueen, I. (1989), “Computer Age”, Police 33-34, 42-43.
  • Moore, KL., Dalley, AF. (2006) Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 5th ED. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Moore, WJ., Lawelle, CLB.(1974) Growth of the facial skeleton in the hominoidea, New York: Academic Press.
  • Önder, M. (1998) “Deri yaşlanmasına etki eden faktörler.” T Kin J Kozmetoloji; 1; 17-20.
  • Palalı, Z. (1995) “Deri yaşlanması ve koruma yöntemleri". XII. Prof. Dr. A. Lütfü Tat Sempozyumu;139.47.
  • Retzlaf, E., Upledger, J., Mitchel, F., Walsh, J. (1979) “Aging of cranial sutures in humans”, Anat Rec, 193: 663.
  • Rowland, DA., Perrett, DI. (1995) “Manipulating facial appearance through shape and color,” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 15(5):70–76.
  • Sancak, B., Et al. (2008) Fonksiyonel Anatomi, In (eds) Sancak, B., Cumhur, M., Kafa Derisi ve Yüzün Yüzeyel Yapıları, Ankara: ODTÜ Yayıncılık.
  • Sever, M. (2007) Adli Antropoloji “Yeniden Yüzlendirme” Çalışmalarında mevcut yumuşak doku kalınlık cetvellerinin Türkiye’de Uygulanabilirliği, Y. Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Sies, H., Stahl, W. (2004) “Nutritional protection against skin damage from sunlight” Ann Rev Nutr, 24:173-200.
  • Skrzat, J., Et al. (2004) “Age dependent changes of the diploe in the human skull”, Folia Morphol., Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 67–70.
  • Skrzat, J., Et al. (2002) “Computed tomographic assisted study of morphological changes in the sutural areas as resulting from obliteration”, Folia Morphol., Vol. 61, No.4, pp. 257-259.
  • Stewart, TD. (1979), Essentials of Forensic Anthropology: Especially as Developed in the United States, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield,
  • Şenol, M. (2005) “Derinin yapısı, görevleri ve histopatolojisi”, http:// web.inonu.edu.tr/~msenol/dosyalar/deriyapi.doc., erişim tarihi:20.01.2011.
  • Taister, MA., Holliday, SD., Borman, HIM. (2000), “Comments on Facial Aging in Law Enforcement Investigation” , Forensic Science Communications, Cilt 1, Sayı 2.
  • Taylor, KT. (2001) Forensic Art and Illustration, New York: CRC Press.
  • Treacy, P. (2009) “The Science of Facial Aging” www.prlog.org - Global Press Release Distribution, erişim tarihi: 20.09.2010.
  • Tsukahara, K., Et al., (2000) “Determination of age-related changes in the morphological structure (sagging) of the human cheek using a photonumeric scale and three-dimensional surface parameters”, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 22 (4): 247–258.
  • Tsukahara, K. Et al., (2000) “A photographics cale for the assessmento of human facial wrinkles”, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 51: 127–139.
  • Tüzün, Y., Dolar, N. (2005), “Fotoyaşlanma ve kronololojik yaşlanma arasındaki farklar” Türkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci, 1(17):1-6.
  • Ubelaker, DH. (2006) Introduction to Forensic Anthropology, In: Forensic Anthropology and Medicine, Eds. Schmitt, A., Cunha, E., Pinheiro, J., New Jersey: Humana Press.
  • Valet F., et al. (2009) "Assessing the reliability of four severity scales depicting skin ageing features." British Journal of Dermatology 161.1: 153-158.
  • Viidik A. (1973) "Functional properties of collagenous tissues." Int Rev Connect Tissue Res 6, 127-215.
  • Vierkötter, A., Et al. (2009) “The SCINEXA: A novel, validated score to simultaneously assess and differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic skin ageing” Journal of Dermatological Science, 53:207–211,
  • White, TD., Folkens, PA. (2005) The Human Bone Manual. Amsterdam: Academic Press.
  • Wilkinson, C. (2004) Forensic Facial Reconstruction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Yaar, M., Eller, MS., Gilchrest, BA. (2002) “Fifty years of skin aging”, JID Symposium Proceedings, 7, S.51-58.
  • Yaar, M., Gilchrest, BA. (2003), “Aging of Skin”, In: Freedberg MI, Eisen AZ, Wollf K, Austen FK, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI editors. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. 6th edition, New York: Mc Grawe-Hill Book Company, 1386-1398.
  • Yamada, K., Et al. (1982), “Age-related changes of the cranial bone mineral: a quantitative study with computed tomography”, J Am Geriatr Soc, 30 (12): 756–763.
  • Yetkin, H., Ceyhan, AM., Yıldırım, M. (2009) “Deri yaşlanması ve tedavisi” S.D.Ü. Tıp Fak. Derg.:16(2)/ 32-38.

Adli Kimliklendirmede Yaşa Bağlı Olarak Yüz Bölgesinde Görülen Morfolojik Varyasyonlar

Year 2015, Issue: 30, 75 - 90, 30.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.1501/antro_0000000322

Abstract

Adli Antropolojinin çalışma alanı içerisine giren fasiyal rekonstrüksiyon, kraniofasiyal süperimpozisyon, fasiyal doku kalınlığı ve adli yaşlandırmanın ortak noktası insan yüzüdür. Adli vakaların çözümlenmesinde ve kayıp şahısların bulunmasında yüz ve yüze ait karakteristik veriler kimlik tespiti açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu makale çalışmasında, yüzün yapısı, yüz yaşlanmasının oluşumu, yaşlanmayı etkileyen faktörler ve altında yatan sebepler detaylı olarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bununla beraber, ülkemizde Adli Yaşlandırma çalışmalarına referans oluşturması amacıyla yüze ait yaşlanma karakteristiklerinin ortaya çıkarılmasının önemi vurgulanmıştır ve yürütülen bu çalışma bir derleme makalesi formatında sunulmuştur

References

  • Adams, BJ. (2007) Forensic Anthropology, New York: Infobase Publishing.
  • Akın, G. (2001) Antropometri ve Ergonomi, İnkansa Ofset Matbaacılık, S.35.
  • Auge, M., Colleyn,JP. (2005) Antropoloji, Ankara: Dost Kitapevi Yayınları, s.7-25.
  • Black, S. (2010) Adli Antropoloji, Prof. Dr. Sue Black ile röportaj, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. 11.10.2010.
  • Baumann, L. (2003) Kozmetik Dermatoloji. Çev: Eken A., Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri Kitabevi,; 13-29.
  • Benedetto, AV. (1998) “The environment and skin aging”, Clin Dermatol, 16(1):129-135.
  • Bishara, SE., Treder, JE., Jakobsen, JR. (1994) “Facial and dental changes in adulthood” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 106 (2):175-185.
  • Bowden, DM., Williams, DO. (1984) Aging. In (eds) Cornelius, CE., Simpson CF., Hendrickx, AG., Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine, New York: Academic Press.
  • Boissieux, L., Kiss, G., Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Kalra, P. “Simulation of skin aging and wrinkles with cosmetics insight,” in Proceedings of Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation (EGCAS ’00), pp. 15–27, Interlaken, Switzerland, August 2000.
  • Bozbıyık, A. (2003) Antropometrik veriler kullanarak fotoğrafların karşılaştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Braun-Falco, O., Plewing, G., Wolf, HH., Burgdorf, WHC. (2000), Dermatology, 2.Baskı, Berlin: Springer Verlag.
  • Chung, JH. Et al. (2003) “Aging and photoaging”, J Am Acad Dermatol, 49, S. 690- 697.
  • Coleman, SR., Grover, R. (2006) “The Anatomy of the Aging Face: Volume Loss and Changes in 3-Dimensional Topography”, Aesthetic Surg J,;26(suppl):S4- S9.
  • Coleman, SR. (2004) Structural Fat Grafting. St. Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing.
  • Creutz, U. (1977) “Architecture of the human skullcap in the region of the parts bregmatica suturae sagittalis. I. Age dependence”, Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrab, 123: 666–688.
  • Cunningham, WM. (1998), “Aging and photoaging”. In: Baran R, Maibach H. Textbook of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2 nd edition. London, Martin Dunitz Ltd, S. 455-467.
  • Çöloğlu, S., İşcan, MY. (1998) Adli Osteoloji, İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü Yayınları, Rek. No:4150, Dilek Ofset Matbaacılık.
  • Day, DJ., Et al. (2004), “The wrinkle severity rating system: a validation study”, 5:49.
  • Dönderici, L.,Taşpınar, A. (1994), “Deri Yaşlanması” T Klin Dermatoloji, 4:56-61.
  • Duyar, İ. (1994), “Fizik Antropoloji ve Antropometri”, Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, Sayı:320:22-7.
  • Enlow, D. (1968) The human face: An account of the postnatal growth and development of the craniofacial skeleton, New York: Hoeber Medical Division, Harper & Row,
  • Enlow, DH., Hans, MG. (1996) Essentials of Facial Growth, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
  • Ergenekon, G., Aybey B. (2004) “Cilt yaşlanmasına bilimsel bakış” Endokrinolojide Diyalog, Cilt 1, Sayı 1,
  • Feik, SA., Glover, JE. (1998) Growth of children's faces. In: J. G. Clement and D. L. Ranson, (eds.) Craniofacial Identification in Forensic Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 204-224.
  • Fitzpatrick, RE., Et al. (1996) “Pulsed carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of photo- aged facial skin”, Arc Dermatol, 132:95.
  • Furuya, Y., Edwards, MS., Alpers, CE., Tress, BM., Ousterhout, DK., Norman, D., (1984) “Computerized tomography of cranial sutures. Part 1: Comparison of suture anatomy in children and adults”, J Neurosurg, 61: 53–58.
  • Glogau, RG. (1994) “Chemical peeling and aging skin”, J. Geriatric Dermatol, Vol 2(1):31.
  • Gosain, AK., Et al., (2005) “A volumetric analysis of soft-tissue changes in the aging midface using high-resolution MRI: implications for facial rejuvenation”, Plast Reconstr Surg,115:1143-1152.
  • Guinot C., Et al. (2002) “Relative Contribution of Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors to skin Aging as Determined by a Validated Skin Age Score”, Arch Dermatol, 138:1453-1460.
  • Güngörmüş, S. (2008) İnsan Yüzü Ve Fotoğraflarından Alınan Antropometrik Ölçülerle Kimlik Tespiti Ve Cinsiyet Tayini, Y. Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Hamilton, DG. (1998) “A Classification of the aging face and its relatioship to remedies”, J Clin Dermatol, Summer, 35.
  • Hogarth, B. (1965) Drawing the human head, New York: Watson-Guptill.
  • Horng, WB., Lee, CP., Chen, CW. (2001) “Classification of Age Groups Based on Facial Features” Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, 4 (3):183-192.
  • İşcan, MY. (1993) Introduction of Techniques for Photographic Comparison: Potential and Problems, In: Forensic Analysis of the Skull, Ed. İşcan, MY., Helmer, RP., New York: Wiley – Liss, p. 57-70.
  • İşcan, MY. (2001) “Special issue: Forensic Anthropology in the 21st century”, Forensic Science International, 117 (1-2):1-152.
  • Kahler, K. (2003) A head model with anatomical structure for facial modelling and animation. PhD Thesis, Saarbrücken: Saarland University.
  • Kirman, R. (1999) Türk toplumuna özgü fasiyal yumuşak doku kalınlıkları, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü.
  • Koç, E., Kurumlu, Z. (2008) “Yaşlanma ve Deri” Yalçın Tüzün et al (ed) Dermatoloji, 3. Baskı, İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, Cilt 2, s.2323-2335.
  • Kohn, RR., (1971) Principles of mammalian aging, Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice- Hall.
  • Krogman, WM., İşcan, MY., (1986) The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine, 2nd Edition, İllionis:Charles C. Thomas Publisher, s.90-485.
  • Lapiere, CM. (1990), “The ageing dermis: the main cause fort he appearance of old skin”, Br J Dermatol, 122 Suppl 35:5-11.
  • Larnier, C., Et al. (1994) “Evaluation of cutaneous photodamage using a photographic scale”, Br J Dermatol, 130:167.
  • Lemperle, G., Holmes, RE., Cohen, SR., Lemperle, SM. (2001), “A Classification Of Facial Wrinkles”, Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery, Vol. 108, No. 6, 1735-1750.
  • Lee, WS., Wu, Y., Magnenat-Thalmann, N. (1999) “Cloning and aging in a VR family,” in Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality 61–68, Houston, Tex, USA.
  • Libal, A. (2006) Forensic Anthropology, Pennsylvania: Mason Crest Publishers Inc.
  • Little, JW. (2000) “Volumetric perceptions in midfacial aging with altered priorities for rejuvenation”, Plast Reconstr Surg,105:252-266.
  • Manhein, MH. (1999) The Bone Lady, New York: Penguin Books.
  • Manhein, MH. (2008), The Louisiana State University (LSU) Forensic Anthropology and Computer Enhancement Services (FACES) Laboratory, In: The Forensic Anthropology Laboratory, Eds. Warren, MW., Walsh- Haney,HA., Laurel, EF., New York: CRC Press.
  • Mark, LS., Et al. (1980) “Wrinkling and head shape as coordinated sources of age- level information”, Perception & Psychophysics, Vol. 27(2), 117-124.
  • McQueen, I. (1989), “Computer Age”, Police 33-34, 42-43.
  • Moore, KL., Dalley, AF. (2006) Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 5th ED. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Moore, WJ., Lawelle, CLB.(1974) Growth of the facial skeleton in the hominoidea, New York: Academic Press.
  • Önder, M. (1998) “Deri yaşlanmasına etki eden faktörler.” T Kin J Kozmetoloji; 1; 17-20.
  • Palalı, Z. (1995) “Deri yaşlanması ve koruma yöntemleri". XII. Prof. Dr. A. Lütfü Tat Sempozyumu;139.47.
  • Retzlaf, E., Upledger, J., Mitchel, F., Walsh, J. (1979) “Aging of cranial sutures in humans”, Anat Rec, 193: 663.
  • Rowland, DA., Perrett, DI. (1995) “Manipulating facial appearance through shape and color,” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 15(5):70–76.
  • Sancak, B., Et al. (2008) Fonksiyonel Anatomi, In (eds) Sancak, B., Cumhur, M., Kafa Derisi ve Yüzün Yüzeyel Yapıları, Ankara: ODTÜ Yayıncılık.
  • Sever, M. (2007) Adli Antropoloji “Yeniden Yüzlendirme” Çalışmalarında mevcut yumuşak doku kalınlık cetvellerinin Türkiye’de Uygulanabilirliği, Y. Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Sies, H., Stahl, W. (2004) “Nutritional protection against skin damage from sunlight” Ann Rev Nutr, 24:173-200.
  • Skrzat, J., Et al. (2004) “Age dependent changes of the diploe in the human skull”, Folia Morphol., Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 67–70.
  • Skrzat, J., Et al. (2002) “Computed tomographic assisted study of morphological changes in the sutural areas as resulting from obliteration”, Folia Morphol., Vol. 61, No.4, pp. 257-259.
  • Stewart, TD. (1979), Essentials of Forensic Anthropology: Especially as Developed in the United States, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield,
  • Şenol, M. (2005) “Derinin yapısı, görevleri ve histopatolojisi”, http:// web.inonu.edu.tr/~msenol/dosyalar/deriyapi.doc., erişim tarihi:20.01.2011.
  • Taister, MA., Holliday, SD., Borman, HIM. (2000), “Comments on Facial Aging in Law Enforcement Investigation” , Forensic Science Communications, Cilt 1, Sayı 2.
  • Taylor, KT. (2001) Forensic Art and Illustration, New York: CRC Press.
  • Treacy, P. (2009) “The Science of Facial Aging” www.prlog.org - Global Press Release Distribution, erişim tarihi: 20.09.2010.
  • Tsukahara, K., Et al., (2000) “Determination of age-related changes in the morphological structure (sagging) of the human cheek using a photonumeric scale and three-dimensional surface parameters”, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 22 (4): 247–258.
  • Tsukahara, K. Et al., (2000) “A photographics cale for the assessmento of human facial wrinkles”, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 51: 127–139.
  • Tüzün, Y., Dolar, N. (2005), “Fotoyaşlanma ve kronololojik yaşlanma arasındaki farklar” Türkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci, 1(17):1-6.
  • Ubelaker, DH. (2006) Introduction to Forensic Anthropology, In: Forensic Anthropology and Medicine, Eds. Schmitt, A., Cunha, E., Pinheiro, J., New Jersey: Humana Press.
  • Valet F., et al. (2009) "Assessing the reliability of four severity scales depicting skin ageing features." British Journal of Dermatology 161.1: 153-158.
  • Viidik A. (1973) "Functional properties of collagenous tissues." Int Rev Connect Tissue Res 6, 127-215.
  • Vierkötter, A., Et al. (2009) “The SCINEXA: A novel, validated score to simultaneously assess and differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic skin ageing” Journal of Dermatological Science, 53:207–211,
  • White, TD., Folkens, PA. (2005) The Human Bone Manual. Amsterdam: Academic Press.
  • Wilkinson, C. (2004) Forensic Facial Reconstruction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Yaar, M., Eller, MS., Gilchrest, BA. (2002) “Fifty years of skin aging”, JID Symposium Proceedings, 7, S.51-58.
  • Yaar, M., Gilchrest, BA. (2003), “Aging of Skin”, In: Freedberg MI, Eisen AZ, Wollf K, Austen FK, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI editors. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. 6th edition, New York: Mc Grawe-Hill Book Company, 1386-1398.
  • Yamada, K., Et al. (1982), “Age-related changes of the cranial bone mineral: a quantitative study with computed tomography”, J Am Geriatr Soc, 30 (12): 756–763.
  • Yetkin, H., Ceyhan, AM., Yıldırım, M. (2009) “Deri yaşlanması ve tedavisi” S.D.Ü. Tıp Fak. Derg.:16(2)/ 32-38.
There are 79 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Anthropology, Archaeology
Other ID JA25UB34AY
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Özgür Bulut This is me

Publication Date December 30, 2015
Submission Date July 7, 2015
Acceptance Date December 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Issue: 30

Cite

APA Bulut, Ö. (2015). Adli Kimliklendirmede Yaşa Bağlı Olarak Yüz Bölgesinde Görülen Morfolojik Varyasyonlar. Antropoloji(30), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1501/antro_0000000322

by-nc.eu.png

All the published contents in Antropoloji are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). That means the published contents can be used elsewhere by giving appropriate credits, references and a link to the license. Users should also indicate if any changes to the original work have been made. Moreover, users cannot use the original and/or derived material for any commercial purposes. Briefly, the author(s) and reader(s) can reproduce and/or spread the published and/or electronic content in Antropoloji, without any commercial purposes. Nevertheless, this does not necessarily mean that Antropoloji will endorse you or your work as the licensor.
Budapest Open Access Initiative