Research Article
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Sex Based Comparative Examination of Craniofacial Anthropometric Measurements in Medical School Students

Year 2020, Issue: 39, 66 - 73, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.731186

Abstract

For many years, the anatomical structure of the human body, its normal limits and what the standard measures should be have been discussed, and certain norms have been created by examining their relationships with each other. Craniofacial anthropometry is a branch of anthropometry and covers head and face measurements in live, cadaveric and radiological samples. In our study, we aimed to determine the national normal values and to investigate possible differences between genders with cranial and facial anthropometric measurements of Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Medicine 1st and 2nd grade students. Our study was conducted on a total of 80 medical school students whose ages ranged between 18 and 24, without craniofacial anomalies. Students’ Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and 19 anthropometric landmarks were determined for the measurements. The variables of maximum head width, cranial base width, maximum head length, maximum face width, nose width, ear length and ear width were found to be statistically significant between girl and boy groups (p <0.05). The variables of minimum frontal width, head height, total craniofacial head height, mandibular width, and nose height were found to be statistically highly significant between girl and boy groups (p <0.001). BMI values were calculated as 21.4 (19.7-24.0) for girls and 23.5 (22.1-24.9) for boys. As a result of our study, our head and face measurements show significant differences regarding the sex of the individuals.

References

  • Cattoni, D. M., ve Fernandes, F. (2009). Anthropometric orofacial measurements of children from Sao Paulo and from North America: comparative study. Pro-fono: revista de atualizacao cientifica, 21(1), 25-29. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872009000100005
  • Charles, O., Hakeem, F., Nerwey, D., ve Mildred, B. (2008). Normal Outer and Inner Canthal Measurements of Ijaws of Southern Nigeria. European Journal of Scientific Research, 22, 163-167.
  • Farkas, L. G., Posnick, J. C., ve Hreczko, T. M. (1992a). Anthropometric growth study of the head. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 29(4), 303-308. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0303_agsoth_2.3.co_2
  • Farkas, L. G., Posnick, J. C., ve Hreczko, T. M. (1992b). Growth patterns of the face: a morphometric study. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 29(4), 308-314. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0308_gpotfa_2.3.co_2
  • Farkas, L. G. (1994). Examination. L. G. Farkas (Ed.) içinde, Anthropometry of the head and face (s. 3-56). Raven Press.
  • Farkas, L. G., Posnick, J. C., Hreczko, T. M., ve Pron, G. E. (1992). Growth patterns in the orbital region: a morphometric study. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 29(4), 315-318. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0315_gpitor_2.3.co_2
  • Farkas, L. G., Posnick, J. C., Hreczko, T. M., ve Pron, G. E. (1992). Growth patterns of the nasolabial region: a morphometric study. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 29(4), 318-324. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0318_gpotnr_2.3.co_2
  • Farkas, L. G., Katic, M. J., ve Forrest, C. R. (2002). Age-related changes in anthropometric measurements in the craniofacial regions and in height in Down’s syndrome. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 13(5), 614-622. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001665-200209000-00004
  • Farkas, L. G., Katic, M. J., ve Forrest, C. R. (2007). Comparison of craniofacial measurements of young adult African-American and North American white males and females. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 59(6), 692-698. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sap.0000258954.55068.b4
  • Farkas, L. G., Katic, M. J., Forrest, C. R. (2005). International anthropometric study of facial morphology in various ethnic groups/races. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 16(4), 615-646. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.scs.0000171847.58031.9e
  • Farkas, L. G., Katic, M. J., Forrest, C. R., ve Litsas, L. (2001). Surface anatomy of the face in Down’s syndrome: linear and angular measurements in the craniofacial regions. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 12(4), 373-379; discussion 380. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001665-200107000-00011
  • Golalipour, M. J. (2006). The effect of ethnic factor on cephalic index in 17-20 years old females of north of Iran. International Journal of Morphology, 24(3), 319-322. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022006000400004
  • Johannsdottir, B., Thordarson, A., ve Magnusson, T. E. (1999). Craniofacial morphology in 6-year-old Icelandic children. European Journal of Orthodontics, 21(3), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/21.3.283
  • Malas, M. A., Sulak, O., Aler, A., ve Öktem, F. (1998). Prematüre yenidoğanlarda kranyofasiyal morfoloji. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 25-31.
  • Nagle, E., Teibe, U., ve Kažoka, D. (2005). Craniofacial anthropometry in a group of healthy Latvian residents. Acta Medica Lituanica, 12, 47-53.
  • Ngeow, W. C., ve Aljunid, S. (2009). Craniofacial anthropometric norms of Malays. Singapore Medical Journal, 50, 525-528.
  • Ögetürk, M. (1998). Şizofrenik hastalarda baş ve yüz antropometrik ölçümleri. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ.
  • Özdemir, M. B., Ilgaz, A., Dilek, A., Ayten, H., ve Esat, A. (2007). Describing normal variations of head and face by using standard measurement and craniofacial variability index (CVI) in seven-year-old normal children. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 18(3), 470-474. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.scs.0000265717.53414.3f
  • Şehla, İ. (2006). 9-72 aylık çocuklarda antropometrik ölçümler ve antropometrik ölçümlere etki eden parametrelerin araştırılması. Uzmanlık Tezi. T. C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul.
  • Thordarson, A., Johannsdottir, B., ve Magnusson, T. E. (2006). Craniofacial changes in Icelandic children between 6 and 16 years of age - a longitudinal study. European Journal of Orthodontics, 28(2), 152-165. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cji084
  • Umar, M., Singh, R., ve Shugaba, A. (2006). Cephalometric Indicies among Nigerians. Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(4), 939-942. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2006.939.942
  • Zankl, A., Molinari, L. (2003). ABase—A tool for the rapid assessment of anthropometric measurements on handheld computers. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 121A(2), 146-150. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.20185

Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Kraniofasiyal Antropometrik Ölçümlerin Cinsiyete Bağlı Karşılaştırmalı İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Issue: 39, 66 - 73, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.731186

Abstract

Yıllardan beri insan vücudunun anatomik yapısı, normal sınırları ve bunlarla ilgili standart ölçülerin ne olması gerektiği tartışılmış ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri incelenerek belirli normlar oluşturulmuştur. Kraniofasiyal antropometri, antropometrinin bir dalı olup canlı, kadavra ve radyolojik örneklerdeki baş ve yüz ölçümlerini kapsamaktadır. Çalışmamızda, Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 1 ve 2. sınıf öğrencilerinin kraniyal ve fasiyal antropometrik ölçümleri ile ulusal normal değerleri belirlemeyi ve cinsiyetler arasındaki olası farklılıkları araştırmayı amaçladık. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamız, yaşları 18 ile 24 arasında değişmekte olan, kraniofasiyal anomalisi olmayan, toplam 80 tıp fakültesi öğrencisi üzerinde yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin vücut kitle indeksi (BMI) hesaplanmış ve ölçümler için 19 antropometrik nokta belirlenmiştir. Baş, yüz, burun ve kulak ile ilgili ölçümlerden; maksimum baş genişliği, kraniyal taban genişliği, maksimum baş uzunluğu, maksimum yüz genişliği, burun genişliği, kulak uzunluğu ve kulak genişliği değişkenleri kız ve erkek grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Minimum frontal genişlik, baş yüksekliği, total kraniofasiyal baş yüksekliği, mandibular genişlik ve burun yüksekliği değişkenleri kız ve erkek grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak yüksek derecede anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Normal dağılım göstermeyen BMI değerleri kızlarda 21,4 (19,7-24,0), erkeklerde ise 23,5 (22,1-24,9) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmamızın sonucunda baş ve yüze ait verilerimiz cinsiyete bağlı olarak anlamlı farklılıklar göstermektedir. Çalışmamızda farklı uluslara ait verilerle karşılaştırma yapılmasının, toplumumuzun yapısal kraniofasiyal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi açısından önemli olacağı kanaatindeyiz.

References

  • Cattoni, D. M., ve Fernandes, F. (2009). Anthropometric orofacial measurements of children from Sao Paulo and from North America: comparative study. Pro-fono: revista de atualizacao cientifica, 21(1), 25-29. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872009000100005
  • Charles, O., Hakeem, F., Nerwey, D., ve Mildred, B. (2008). Normal Outer and Inner Canthal Measurements of Ijaws of Southern Nigeria. European Journal of Scientific Research, 22, 163-167.
  • Farkas, L. G., Posnick, J. C., ve Hreczko, T. M. (1992a). Anthropometric growth study of the head. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 29(4), 303-308. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0303_agsoth_2.3.co_2
  • Farkas, L. G., Posnick, J. C., ve Hreczko, T. M. (1992b). Growth patterns of the face: a morphometric study. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 29(4), 308-314. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0308_gpotfa_2.3.co_2
  • Farkas, L. G. (1994). Examination. L. G. Farkas (Ed.) içinde, Anthropometry of the head and face (s. 3-56). Raven Press.
  • Farkas, L. G., Posnick, J. C., Hreczko, T. M., ve Pron, G. E. (1992). Growth patterns in the orbital region: a morphometric study. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 29(4), 315-318. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0315_gpitor_2.3.co_2
  • Farkas, L. G., Posnick, J. C., Hreczko, T. M., ve Pron, G. E. (1992). Growth patterns of the nasolabial region: a morphometric study. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 29(4), 318-324. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0318_gpotnr_2.3.co_2
  • Farkas, L. G., Katic, M. J., ve Forrest, C. R. (2002). Age-related changes in anthropometric measurements in the craniofacial regions and in height in Down’s syndrome. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 13(5), 614-622. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001665-200209000-00004
  • Farkas, L. G., Katic, M. J., ve Forrest, C. R. (2007). Comparison of craniofacial measurements of young adult African-American and North American white males and females. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 59(6), 692-698. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sap.0000258954.55068.b4
  • Farkas, L. G., Katic, M. J., Forrest, C. R. (2005). International anthropometric study of facial morphology in various ethnic groups/races. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 16(4), 615-646. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.scs.0000171847.58031.9e
  • Farkas, L. G., Katic, M. J., Forrest, C. R., ve Litsas, L. (2001). Surface anatomy of the face in Down’s syndrome: linear and angular measurements in the craniofacial regions. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 12(4), 373-379; discussion 380. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001665-200107000-00011
  • Golalipour, M. J. (2006). The effect of ethnic factor on cephalic index in 17-20 years old females of north of Iran. International Journal of Morphology, 24(3), 319-322. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022006000400004
  • Johannsdottir, B., Thordarson, A., ve Magnusson, T. E. (1999). Craniofacial morphology in 6-year-old Icelandic children. European Journal of Orthodontics, 21(3), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/21.3.283
  • Malas, M. A., Sulak, O., Aler, A., ve Öktem, F. (1998). Prematüre yenidoğanlarda kranyofasiyal morfoloji. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 25-31.
  • Nagle, E., Teibe, U., ve Kažoka, D. (2005). Craniofacial anthropometry in a group of healthy Latvian residents. Acta Medica Lituanica, 12, 47-53.
  • Ngeow, W. C., ve Aljunid, S. (2009). Craniofacial anthropometric norms of Malays. Singapore Medical Journal, 50, 525-528.
  • Ögetürk, M. (1998). Şizofrenik hastalarda baş ve yüz antropometrik ölçümleri. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ.
  • Özdemir, M. B., Ilgaz, A., Dilek, A., Ayten, H., ve Esat, A. (2007). Describing normal variations of head and face by using standard measurement and craniofacial variability index (CVI) in seven-year-old normal children. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 18(3), 470-474. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.scs.0000265717.53414.3f
  • Şehla, İ. (2006). 9-72 aylık çocuklarda antropometrik ölçümler ve antropometrik ölçümlere etki eden parametrelerin araştırılması. Uzmanlık Tezi. T. C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul.
  • Thordarson, A., Johannsdottir, B., ve Magnusson, T. E. (2006). Craniofacial changes in Icelandic children between 6 and 16 years of age - a longitudinal study. European Journal of Orthodontics, 28(2), 152-165. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cji084
  • Umar, M., Singh, R., ve Shugaba, A. (2006). Cephalometric Indicies among Nigerians. Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(4), 939-942. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2006.939.942
  • Zankl, A., Molinari, L. (2003). ABase—A tool for the rapid assessment of anthropometric measurements on handheld computers. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 121A(2), 146-150. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.20185
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Anatomy, Anthropology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tufan Ulcay 0000-0003-2203-3850

Burcu Kamaşak 0000-0001-5340-1260

Publication Date June 29, 2020
Submission Date May 2, 2020
Acceptance Date June 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 39

Cite

APA Ulcay, T., & Kamaşak, B. (2020). Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Kraniofasiyal Antropometrik Ölçümlerin Cinsiyete Bağlı Karşılaştırmalı İncelenmesi. Antropoloji(39), 66-73. https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.731186

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