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Ankle fractures in children and adolescents
Abstract
Ankle fractures in children and adolescents usually involve the distal tibial and fibular epiphysis. Unless adequately treated, these fractures may be associated with many complications including limb length discrepancy and angular deformities due to growth arrest, and arthritis due to joint involvement. Fractures of the distal tibial epiphysis are classified according to the type and mechanism of injury. Salter-Harris type 1 and 2 fractures of the ankle have a good prognosis and can be treated by closed reduction. However, type 3 and 4 fractures involving the medial malleolus require surgical treatment because they usually result in compression of the physeal plate and cause angular deformities. External rotation of the foot may result in juvenile Tillaux fractures and triplane fractures of the distal tibia in the transitional period during which asymmetric physiologic closure of the distal tibial physis occurs. These are combinations of Salter-Harris type 2, 3, and 4 fractures, consisting of two or three fragments. Although they are not associated with growth arrest, they may lead to arthritis due to joint involvement. The presence of residual displacement of more than two millimeters necessitates surgical treatment.
Keywords
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
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Journal Section
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Publication Date
September 11, 2006
Submission Date
March 7, 2014
Acceptance Date
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Published in Issue
Year 2004 Volume: 38 Number: 0
APA
Gonc, U., & Kayaalp, A. (2006). Ankle fractures in children and adolescents. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 38, 127-137. https://doi.org/10.3944/aott.v38i0.729
AMA
1.Gonc U, Kayaalp A. Ankle fractures in children and adolescents. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. 2006;38:127-137. doi:10.3944/aott.v38i0.729
Chicago
Gonc, Ugur, and Asim Kayaalp. 2006. “Ankle Fractures in Children and Adolescents”. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 38 (September): 127-37. https://doi.org/10.3944/aott.v38i0.729.
EndNote
Gonc U, Kayaalp A (September 1, 2006) Ankle fractures in children and adolescents. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 38 127–137.
IEEE
[1]U. Gonc and A. Kayaalp, “Ankle fractures in children and adolescents”, Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, vol. 38, pp. 127–137, Sept. 2006, doi: 10.3944/aott.v38i0.729.
ISNAD
Gonc, Ugur - Kayaalp, Asim. “Ankle Fractures in Children and Adolescents”. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 38 (September 1, 2006): 127-137. https://doi.org/10.3944/aott.v38i0.729.
JAMA
1.Gonc U, Kayaalp A. Ankle fractures in children and adolescents. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. 2006;38:127–137.
MLA
Gonc, Ugur, and Asim Kayaalp. “Ankle Fractures in Children and Adolescents”. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, vol. 38, Sept. 2006, pp. 127-3, doi:10.3944/aott.v38i0.729.
Vancouver
1.Ugur Gonc, Asim Kayaalp. Ankle fractures in children and adolescents. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. 2006 Sep. 1;38:127-3. doi:10.3944/aott.v38i0.729