The structure, physiology, and biomechanics of articular cartilage: injury and repair

Volume: 41 Number: 0 December 6, 2007
  • Hasan Tatari
EN TR

The structure, physiology, and biomechanics of articular cartilage: injury and repair

Abstract

Hyaline cartilage which surrounds the articular surfaces and allows for painless movement of synovial joints by reducing friction is composed of chondrocytes embedded within an extracellular matrix made up of a macromolecular framework and water. Due to its avascular, aneural, and hypocellular structure, its response to trauma is very restricted. The main components of the extracellular matrix are water, proteoglycans, collagen, and other proteins and glycoproteins. Homeostasis of the hyaline cartilage is maintained mainly by chondrocytes. Collagen provides the tensile and shearing properties of the cartilage and immobilizes the proteoglycans within the matrix. The mechanical behavior of the cartilage depends on the interactions between collagen, proteoglycans, and interstitial fluid components. The mechanical strength of the hyaline cartilage is determined by the permeability of the solid matrix, flow of the interstitial fluid in the tissue, and the balance between the solid and fluid phases. Injuries that only disrupt the hyaline cartilage do not have a healing potential; but those involving the subchondral bone as well as articular cartilage cause fibrin clot formation, release of growth factors, and increase in cell activities like migration, proliferation, differentiation, and matrix synthesis.

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Primary Language

English

Subjects

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Journal Section

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Authors

Hasan Tatari This is me

Publication Date

December 6, 2007

Submission Date

March 7, 2014

Acceptance Date

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Published in Issue

Year 2007 Volume: 41 Number: 0

APA
Tatari, H. (2007). The structure, physiology, and biomechanics of articular cartilage: injury and repair. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 41, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3944/aott.v41i0.2703
AMA
1.Tatari H. The structure, physiology, and biomechanics of articular cartilage: injury and repair. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. 2007;41:1-5. doi:10.3944/aott.v41i0.2703
Chicago
Tatari, Hasan. 2007. “The Structure, Physiology, and Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage: Injury and Repair”. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 41 (December): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3944/aott.v41i0.2703.
EndNote
Tatari H (December 1, 2007) The structure, physiology, and biomechanics of articular cartilage: injury and repair. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 41 1–5.
IEEE
[1]H. Tatari, “The structure, physiology, and biomechanics of articular cartilage: injury and repair”, Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, vol. 41, pp. 1–5, Dec. 2007, doi: 10.3944/aott.v41i0.2703.
ISNAD
Tatari, Hasan. “The Structure, Physiology, and Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage: Injury and Repair”. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 41 (December 1, 2007): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3944/aott.v41i0.2703.
JAMA
1.Tatari H. The structure, physiology, and biomechanics of articular cartilage: injury and repair. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. 2007;41:1–5.
MLA
Tatari, Hasan. “The Structure, Physiology, and Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage: Injury and Repair”. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, vol. 41, Dec. 2007, pp. 1-5, doi:10.3944/aott.v41i0.2703.
Vancouver
1.Hasan Tatari. The structure, physiology, and biomechanics of articular cartilage: injury and repair. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. 2007 Dec. 1;41:1-5. doi:10.3944/aott.v41i0.2703