Sıçanlarda organik silikon enjeksiyonunun Aşil tendonu iyileşmesine etkisi

Year 2014, Volume: 48 Issue: 3, 346 - 354, 30.05.2014

Arel Gereli Umut Akgun Serap Uslu İsmail Agir Filiz Ates Ufuk Nalbantoglu

https://doi.org/10.3944/AOTT.2014.3162

Abstract

Amaç:Çalışmamızın amacı çözünür ve emilebilir bir organik silikon bileşiğinin Aşil tendonunun iyileşmesi üzerindeki etkinliğini değerlendirmekti.

Çalışma planı: Yirmi bir adet Wistar albino sıçanının Aşil tendonları kesildi ve onarıldı. Ameliyat sonrası 0.01 ml organik silikon solüsyonu (silanol) peri/intratendinöz olarak sıçanların sol bacaklarına ve aynı dozda salin solüsyonu sağ bacaklarına enjekte edildi. sıçanlar rastgele üç gruba ayrılarak (n=7) 10. ve 20. günde biyomekanik, 20. günde histolojik ve immünohistokimyasal değerlendirmeye tabi tutuldular. Fibroblast hücre sayısı ve çapı, dokuda damarlanma ve damar çapları histomorfometik olarak incelendi. Fibroblast büyüme faktörü (bFGF) immünoreaktivitesi 20. günde immünohistokimya ile değerlendirildi. Onarılan tendonların kopma kuvveti ve sertlikleri 10. ve 20. günlerde ölçüldü.

Bulgular: Birim alanda görülen fibroblast sayısı, ortalama fibroblast çapı, birim alandaki kollajen liflerine paralel damar sayısı ve damar çapları kontrol grubuna kıyasla organik silikon grubunda anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Silikon grubunda bFGF’nin artmış immünoreaktivitesi saptandı. Onuncu günde silikon grubunda tendonların kopma kuvvetleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla daha iyi bulundu (p=0.041). Yirminci gündeki kopma kuvvetleri arasında da fark saptanırken, bu fark anlamlı bulunmadı. Silikon enjeksiyonunun iyileşen tendonların sertliklerine etki etmediği görüldü.

Çıkarımlar: Elde ettiğimiz veriler, organik silikonun tendon iyileşmesi üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğunu ve tendon iyileşme yanıtı üzerine daha ileri çalışmalar için uygun olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Aşil tendonu; organik silikon; tendon iyileşmesi.

The effect of organic silicon injection on Achilles tendon healing in rats

Abstract

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a soluble absorbable silicon compound on healing of the Achilles tendon.

Methods: The Achilles tendons of 21 Wistar albino rats were cut and repaired. A 0.01 ml organic silicon solution (silanol) was injected peri/intratendinously into the left leg of all rats and the same dose of saline into the right leg postoperatively. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups for biomechanical testing on Day 10 (7 rats) and Day 20 (7 rats) and histological and immunohistochemical assessment on Day 20 (7 rats). Fibroblast cell count and diameter, tissue vascularity and blood vessel diameter were evaluated by histomorphometry. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) immunoreactivity was analyzed with immunohistochemistry on Day 20. Failure load and stiffness of the repaired tendons were measured on Days 10 and 20.

Results: The number of fibroblasts per area, average fibroblast diameter, number of vessels parallel to collagen bundles per area and average vessel diameter were significantly higher in the organic silicon group than in the control group (p<0.05). Strong immunoreactivity of bFGF in the silicon group was detected. Failure load was significantly higher in the silicon group than in the control group on Day 10 (p=0.041). On Day 20, while a difference still existed, this difference was not significant. There was no effect of the silicon injection on stiffness of healing tendons.

Conclusion: Organic silicon appears to have a positive effect on tendon healing and is suitable for further studies on host healing response modification.

Keywords

Achilles tendon, organic silicon, tendon healing

References

• Ertem K, Elmali N, Kaygusuz MA, Inan M, Ayan I, Güner G, et al. The effect of continuous passive motion after repair of Achilles tendon ruptures: an experimental study in rabbits. [Article in Turkish] Acta Orthop Trau- matol Turc 2002;36:141-6.
• Aspenberg P. Stimulation of tendon repair: mechanical loading, GDFs and platelets. A mini-review. Int Orthop 2007;31:783-9. CrossRef
• Gabra N, Khayat A, Calabresi P, Khiat A [corrected to Khayat A]. Detection of elevated basic fibroblast growth factor during early hours of in vitro angiogenesis using a fast ELISA immunoassay. Biochem Biophys Res Com- mun 1994;205:1423-30. CrossRef
• Virchenko O, Fahlgren A, Rundgren M, Aspenberg P. Early Achilles tendon healing in sheep. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2008;128:1001-6. CrossRef
• Forslund C, Aspenberg P. Improved healing of transected rabbit Achilles tendon after a single injection of cartilage- derived morphogenetic protein-2. Am J Sports Med 2003;31:555-9.
• Hoffmann A, Gross G. Tendon and ligament engineering in the adult organism: mesenchymal stem cells and gene- therapeutic approaches. Int Orthop 2007;31:791-7. CrossRef
• Halici M, Karaoglu S, Canoz O, Kabak S, Baktir A. So- dium hyaluronate regulating angiogenesis during Achilles tendon healing. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2004;12:562-7. CrossRef
• Derelioğlu N, Noyan S, Sarisözen B, Gedikoğlu O. The effects of hyaluronic acid, vitamin A and E on tendon heal- ing and adhesion formation. [Article in Turkish] Acta Or- thop Traumatol Turc 1999;33:221-4.
• Hapa O, Cakıcı H, Kükner A, Aygün H, Sarkalan N, Bay- sal G. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair in rats: an in vivo experi- mental study. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2012;46:301- 7. CrossRef
• Esen E, Cila E, Ozoğul C, Taşçi AG, Sipahioğlu S, Ge- malmaz HC, et al. The effect of low-molecular-weight heparin on rat tendon healing. [Article in Turkish] Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2009;43:54-61. CrossRef
• Kuran FD, Pekedis M, Yıldız H, Aydın F, Eliyatkın N. Ef- fect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on tendon healing af- ter Achilles tendon repair: an experimental study on rats. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2012;46:293-300. CrossRef
• Hott M, de Pollak C, Modrowski D, Marie PJ. Short-term effects of organic silicon on trabecular bone in mature ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tissue Int 1993;53:174-9. CrossRef
• Jugdaohsingh R. Silicon and bone health. J Nutr Health Aging 2007;11:99-110.
• Jugdaohsingh R, Tucker KL, Qiao N, Cupples LA, Kiel DP, Powell JJ. Dietary silicon intake is positively associ- ated with bone mineral density in men and premenopausal women of the Framingham Offspring cohort. J Bone Min- er Res 2004;19:297-307. CrossRef
• Calomme MR, Vanden Berghe DA. Supplementation of calves with stabilized orthosilicic acid. Effect on the Si, Ca, Mg, and P concentrations in serum and the collagen concentration in skin and cartilage. Biol Trace Elem Res 1997;56:153-65. CrossRef
• Hanasono MM, Lum J, Carroll LA, Mikulec AA, Koch RJ. The effect of silicone gel on basic fibroblast growth fac- tor levels in fibroblast cell culture. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2004;6:88-93. CrossRef
• Nielsen FH. A novel silicon complex is as effective as so- dium metasilicate in enhancing the collagen-induced in- flammatory response of silicon-deprived rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2008;22:39-49. CrossRef
• Reffitt DM, Ogston N, Jugdaohsingh R, Cheung HF, Ev- ans BA, Thompson RP, et al. Orthosilicic acid stimulates collagen type 1 synthesis and osteoblastic differentiation in human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Bone 2003;32:127- 35. CrossRef
• Seaborn CD, Nielsen FH. Silicon deprivation decreases collagen formation in wounds and bone, and ornithine transaminase enzyme activity in liver. Biol Trace Elem Res 2002;89:251-61. CrossRef
• Carlisle EM. Silicon: an essential element for the chick. Science 1972;178:619-21. CrossRef
• Eisinger J, Clairet D. Effects of silicon, fluoride, etidronate and magnesium on bone mineral density: a retrospective study. Magnes Res 1993;6:247-9.
• Chan BP, Fu S, Qin L, Lee K, Rolf CG, Chan K. Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on early stages of tendon healing: a rat patellar tendon model. Acta Orthop Scand 2000;71:513-8. CrossRef
• Chan BP, Chan KM, Maffulli N, Webb S, Lee KK. Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor. An in vitro study of ten- don healing. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997;342:239-47.
• Panossian V, Liu SH, Lane JM, Finerman GA. Fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptors in ligament healing. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997;342:173- 80. CrossRef
• Otoshi K, Kikuchi S, Ohi G, Numazaki H, Sekiguchi M, Konno S. The process of tendon regeneration in an achil- les tendon resection rat model as a model for hamstring regeneration after harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 2011;27:218-27. CrossRef
• Sharma P, Maffulli N. Tendon injury and tendinopathy: healing and repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87:187- 202. CrossRef
• Gartner LP, Hiatt JL. Color textbook of histology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2001. p. 111-2.
• Fenwick SA, Hazleman BL, Riley GP. The vasculature and its role in the damaged and healing tendon. Arthritis Res 2002;4:252-60. CrossRef
• Schwarz K, Milne DB. Growth-promoting effects of sili- con in rats. Nature 1972;239:333-4. CrossRef
• Rico H, Gallego-Lago JL, Hernández ER, Villa LF, San- chez-Atrio A, Seco C, et al. Effect of silicon supplement on osteopenia induced by ovariectomy in rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2000;66:53-5. CrossRef
• Miyashita H, Ochi M, Ikuta Y. Histological and biome- chanical observations of the rabbit patellar tendon after removal of its central one-third. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1997;116:454-62. CrossRef
• Lin TW, Cardenas L, Soslowsky LJ. Biomechanics of ten- don injury and repair. J Biomech 2004;37:865-77. CrossRef
• Heinemeier KM, Kjaer M. In vivo investigation of tendon responses to mechanical loading. J Musculoskelet Neuro- nal Interact 2011;11:115-23.
• Virchenko O, Aspenberg P. How can one platelet injec- tion after tendon injury lead to a stronger tendon after 4 weeks? Interplay between early regeneration and mechani- cal stimulation. Acta Orthop 2006;77:806-12. CrossRef
• Narins RS, Beer K. Liquid injectable silicone: a review of its history, immunology, technical considerations, compli- cations, and potential. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118(3 Suppl):77S-84S. CrossRef