Silahsızlanma-Terhis-Yeniden Entegrasyon (STyE) Süreçlerinin Yerelde Sorgulanması: Kolombiya’da Eski FARC Üyelerinin STyE’ye Bakışı

Year 2023, , 1 - 21, 15.02.2023

Başar Baysal , Esra Dilek

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.01

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Uluslararası kuruluşlar ve programlarca üretilen teknik bilgiye göre tasarlanan STyE süreçleri, eski savaşçıların silahlı mücadeleden sivil hayata geçişini ele almanın standart bir yolu haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte, STyE’nin bileşenleri olan silahsızlanma-terhis-yeniden entegrasyon öğelerine yönelik yerel düzeyde eleştiriler ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu çalışma, belirtilen bu eleştirileri, eski savaşçıların bakış açılarına odaklanarak, Kolombiya barış süreci örneği üzerinden incelemektedir. Kolombiya'da icra edilen kapsamlı bir saha çalışmasına dayanan bu çalışma, eski savaşçıların DDR bileşenlerine nasıl ve neden karşı çıktığını araştırmaktadır. Eski FARC üyeleri, silahsızlanma ve terhis kavramlarına, bu kavramlar bir yenilgi fikrine işaret ettiği için karşı gelmektedirler. Ayrıca Kolombiya’da “yeniden entegrasyon” kavramı bireysel teslim olmaya dayanan farklı bir süreci tanımladığından, bu kavram da eski FARC üyelerince reddedilmektedir. Son olarak, birçok eski FARC üyesi, grubun halen siyasi arenada mücadelesini sürdürdüğünü savunarak “eski savaşçı” terimini reddetmektedir. Bu çalışma, son dönemde gelişmekte olan ve barış süreçlerinde uluslararası normlar ve uygulamalara yönelik yerel yaklaşımlara odaklanan literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

STyE, Eski Savaşçılar, Kolombiya, FARC, Barış Süreci

Local Understandings of Disarmament-Demobilization-Reintegration (DDR): Former Combatants’ Perspectives on DDR in Colombia

Abstract

DDR processes, the design of which follows technical knowledge produced by international organizations and programs, have become a standard way for addressing the process of armed groups’ transition from armed to civilian life. However, the components of DDR, namely disarmament-demobilization-reintegration, may themselves be contested at the local level. This study investigates this contestation through the case of the Colombian peace process, with a focus on ex-combatants’ perspectives. Based on extensive fieldwork in Colombia, this study investigates how and why former combatants contest DDR components. Former FARC members rejected disarmament and demobilization terms since they indicate an idea of defeat. They also rejected “reintegration” since, in Colombia, reintegration indicates a different process focusing on individual reintegration. Thirdly, many FARC members refute the term “ex-combatant”, arguing that the group continues its struggle in the political arena. The study contributes to recent research focusing on domestic understandings of international norms and practices in peace processes.

Keywords

DDR, Ex-Combatant, Colombia, FARC, Peace Process

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