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Macaristan’da Popülist Söylem: Türk Göçmenlerin Deneyimleri

Year 2023, , 80 - 109, 15.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.04

Abstract

Avrupa’da yükselişe geçen popülist ve otoriter siyasi dönüş, göçmen gruplarını hedef alan hem söylemler hem politikalar üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışma, popülist bir dönüşüm yaşayan Macaristan’daki Türk göçmenlerin deneyimlerini incelemektedir. Avrupa’daki Türk göçmenler kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiş olsa da Macaristan’daki küçük ama artan Türk göçmen nüfusu çok az gözlemlenmiştir. Macaristan, liberal Avrupa değerleri ve yükselen popülist söylem arasında gidip gelmektedir. Macaristan’da özellikle Müslümanları hedef alan dışlayıcı söylemin, Türklerin göçmen olarak gündelik deneyimlerini nasıl değerlendirdiklerine yansıması beklenmektedir. Araştırma, Macaristan’daki Türklerle yapılan 20 yarı yapılandırılmış, derinlemesine görüşmeye dayanmaktadır. Katılımcılar kartopu yöntemine göre seçilmiştir. Bulgular, olumsuz deneyimlerden ziyade olumlu deneyimlere işaret etmektedir. Görüştüğümüz Türk göçmenlere göre bunun bir nedeni, Macaristan’daki Türklerin profilleri ve diğer göçmen gruplarına göre nispeten az sayıda olmaları ve bu nedenle daha az hedef haline gelmeleridir. İkincisi, Macarlar ve Türkler arasındaki sosyal ve kültürel benzerlikler, genel olarak olumlu tutumları desteklemektedir. Üçüncüsü, Türkiye ile Macaristan arasındaki yakın siyasi ilişkiler, Türkler ve Macarlar arasında uzlaşmacı ilişkilere yol açmaktadır. Bu bulgular, Macaristan’daki Türklerin, Orbán’ın otoriter ve popülist söyleminden olumsuz etkilenmediklerini iddia eden, diğer göçmen gruplarından ayrışan bir grup olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

References

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Populist Rhetoric in Hungary: Experiences of Turkish Immigrants

Year 2023, , 80 - 109, 15.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.04

Abstract

In an era of increasing populism across Europe, anti-immigrant and exclusionary rhetoric and policies have become widespread. This research studies Turkish migrants in Hungary to assess the extent to which Hungary’s populist turn has affected their experiences as immigrants. Turkish immigrants have been studied extensively across Europe, yet Hungary’s small but increasing Turkish population has been little observed. As a member of the EU, Hungary is caught between liberal European values and illiberal, populist politics. Exclusionary rhetoric, particularly targeting Muslims, is expected to reflect on how Turks evaluate their everyday experiences as migrants. The research is based on 20 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Turks in Hungary. Findings point to positive rather than negative experiences. One reason presented by the interviewees themselves is the particular profile of Turks in Hungary and their relatively smaller presence, making them less of a target. Second, they claim that social and cultural commonalities between Hungarians and Turks support generally positive attitudes towards Turks. Third, close political relations between Turkey and Hungary lead to agreeable relations between Turks and Hungarians. Turks in Hungary emerge as a distinct immigrant group whose members claim they are not negatively affected or disadvantaged by Orbán’s illiberal populist rhetoric.

References

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  • Amantini, Laura Santi (2020), “Counteracting Populist Anti-Immigrant Sentiments: Is Government’s Action Legitimate?”, Global Justice: Theory Practice Rhetoric, 12 (2): 219-244.
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  • Berksu, Şengül (1999), Avrupa Birliğinde Yaşayan Türk İşçilere ve Ailelerine Ortaklık Mevzuatıyla Tanınan Haklar ve Avrupa Toplulukları Adalet Divanı Kararları (Ankara: Çlş. Bak. Yurtdışı İşçi Hiz. Gen. Müd.)
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  • Canveren, Önder ve Fulya Akgül Durakçay (2017), “The Analysis of the Hungarian Government’s Discourse Towards the Migrant Crisis: A Combination of Securitization and Euroscepticism”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 24 (3): 857-876.
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  • Ilıkova, Lilia ve Andrey Tushev (2020), “Right-Wing Populism in Central Europe: Hungarian Case (Fidesz, Jobbik)”, Utopía Y Praxis Latino Americana, 25 (1): 325-332.
  • İnal, Kemal (2014), “Cultural Integration of Turkish Immigrant Workers’ Children into the Host Society: An Intergenerational Comparison in the Context of France and Germany”, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (22): 74-94.
  • Jones-Gailani, Nadia ve Gabi Gőbl (2018), “Islamophobia in Hungary: National Report 2018”, Bayraklı, Enes ve Farid, Hafez (Der.), European Islamophobia Report 2018 (SETA, Istanbul: 2018): 435-454.
  • Karataş, İbrahim (2019), “Avrupa’da Popülist Partilerin Yükselişi; Hollanda’da PVV Örneği”, Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5 (1): 28-42.
  • Koopmans, Ruud (2010), “Trade-Offs Between Equality and Difference: Immigrant Integration, Multiculturalism and the Welfare State in Cross-National Perspective”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36 (1): 1-26.
  • Kovács, Maria (2006), “The Politics of Dual Citizenship in Hungary”, Citizenship Studies, 10 (4): 431-451.
  • Léonard, Sarah ve Christian Kaunert (2022), “The Securitisation of Migration in the European Union: Frontex and its Evolving Security Practices”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 48 (6): 1417-1429.
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  • Moreh, Chris (2019), “Towards an Illiberal Extraterritorial Political Community? Hungary’s Simplified Naturalization and its Ramifications”, Feischmidt, Margit ve Balázs Majtenyi. (Der.), The Rise of Populist Nationalism: Social Resentments and Capturing the Constitution in Hungary. (Budapest and New York: Central European University Press): 105-142.
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There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hande Kars This is me 0000-0002-7600-867X

Didem Çakmaklı This is me 0000-0002-7824-2435

Publication Date February 15, 2023
Submission Date August 22, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Kars, H., & Çakmaklı, D. (2023). Macaristan’da Popülist Söylem: Türk Göçmenlerin Deneyimleri. Alternatif Politika, 15(1), 80-109. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.04
AMA Kars H, Çakmaklı D. Macaristan’da Popülist Söylem: Türk Göçmenlerin Deneyimleri. Altern. Polit. February 2023;15(1):80-109. doi:10.53376/ap.2023.04
Chicago Kars, Hande, and Didem Çakmaklı. “Macaristan’da Popülist Söylem: Türk Göçmenlerin Deneyimleri”. Alternatif Politika 15, no. 1 (February 2023): 80-109. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.04.
EndNote Kars H, Çakmaklı D (February 1, 2023) Macaristan’da Popülist Söylem: Türk Göçmenlerin Deneyimleri. Alternatif Politika 15 1 80–109.
IEEE H. Kars and D. Çakmaklı, “Macaristan’da Popülist Söylem: Türk Göçmenlerin Deneyimleri”, Altern. Polit., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 80–109, 2023, doi: 10.53376/ap.2023.04.
ISNAD Kars, Hande - Çakmaklı, Didem. “Macaristan’da Popülist Söylem: Türk Göçmenlerin Deneyimleri”. Alternatif Politika 15/1 (February 2023), 80-109. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.04.
JAMA Kars H, Çakmaklı D. Macaristan’da Popülist Söylem: Türk Göçmenlerin Deneyimleri. Altern. Polit. 2023;15:80–109.
MLA Kars, Hande and Didem Çakmaklı. “Macaristan’da Popülist Söylem: Türk Göçmenlerin Deneyimleri”. Alternatif Politika, vol. 15, no. 1, 2023, pp. 80-109, doi:10.53376/ap.2023.04.
Vancouver Kars H, Çakmaklı D. Macaristan’da Popülist Söylem: Türk Göçmenlerin Deneyimleri. Altern. Polit. 2023;15(1):80-109.