Afrika Birliği ve Uluslararası Ceza Adaleti

Year 2023, , 167 - 195, 15.02.2023

Müge Dalar

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.07

Abstract

Afrika Birliği, 2014 yılında başlattığı girişimle, Afrika kıtasını bölgesel bir uluslararası ceza mahkemesine kavuşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu girişim, Nüremberg’ten bu yana evrensel olarak uygulanagelen uluslararası cezai muhakemede daha önce örneği olmayan yeni bir araçtır. Söz konusu girişimin önemi, uluslararası ceza hukukunda bölgeselleşme kavramını tartışmaya açma potansiyeli taşımasındandır. Kıta düzeyinde bütünleşmeyi hedef alan Afrika Birliği, 2000’li yılların başından itibaren artan şekilde uluslararası ceza adaletini gündemine almaktadır. Afrika Birliği, uluslararası cezai muhakeme araçlarının Afrikalıları haksız yere hedef aldığı iddiasına dayanmaktadır. Ancak bu durum, uluslararası ceza hukuku normlarının tümden reddi anlamına gelmemektedir. Talep edilen, bu normların Afrika devletlerinin önceliklerini, değer ve farklılıklarını içerecek şekilde reforme edilmesidir. Bu anlamda “Afrika Ceza Mahkemesi”, uluslararası cezai muhakemenin bilinen araçlarından pek çok açıdan farklılaşan bir yargı yetkisine sahip olacaktır. Bölgesel ve evrensel olan mutlak surette birbirine karşıt olmak zorunda değildir. Her ne kadar işler bir mekanizma kurabilmek için Afrika Birliği’nin aşması gereken pek çok sorun olsa da Afrika Ceza Mahkemesi sayesinde yaratılacak bölgesel uygulama ve teamüllerin uluslararası ceza hukukunun gelişimine katkı sunması beklenmektedir.

Keywords

Evrensel Yargı, Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi, Uluslararası Ceza Adaleti, Afrika Birliği, Bölgeselleşme

The African Union and International Criminal Justice

Abstract

With a proposal launched in 2014, the African Union wants to establish a regional international criminal court for the continent. This effort may introduce a brand-new tool that has never been used before in international criminal justice since Nuremberg. This initiative is a significant effort as it may lead to a regionalization debate in international criminal law. Since the early 2000s, the African Union has more frequently prioritized international criminal justice as part of its efforts to achieve continental integration. The African Union was founded on the understanding that international criminal procedures have unfairly targeted Africans. This claim does not, however, imply a total denial of the principles of international criminal law. These standards are asked to be reformed to reflect African governments’ goals, values, and differences. Therefore, “the African Criminal Court” will have a very different jurisdiction from the established international criminal law mechanisms. Although the African Union faces significant difficulties in establishing a well-working system, the regional norms and customs to be established by the African Criminal Court may contribute to the development of international criminal law.

Keywords

Universal Jurisdiction, International Criminal Court, International Criminal Justice, African Union, Regionalization

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