Ruanda’da Soykırım Siyaseti, Uzlaşma ve Uzlaşma Yaklaşımları

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 332 - 358, 01.06.2022

Ebru Çoban Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2022.12

Abstract

Ruanda’da halkın kitlesel katılımıyla acımasız soykırım eylemleri gerçekleşmiştir. Ülkede şiddet döngüsel olarak devam ettiğinden şiddetin tekrar yaşanmaması için çatışma çözümü ve uzlaşma süreçleri gereklidir. Ancak ülkede yürütüldüğü iddia edilen uzlaşma süreci yerini soykırım siyasetine bırakmıştır. Hükümet uluslararası toplumun da desteğiyle iktisadi ve siyasi reformlar yapmış, çatışma çözümü ve uzlaşma yaklaşımlarını da uygulamaya başlamıştır. Fakat uygulanan politikalar, uzlaşmadan uzak, otoriteryen ve soykırımı kendi meşruiyeti için araçsallaştıran bir şekle bürünmüştür. Soykırım hem diğer mağdur grupların dışlanması hem de Tutsi hükümetinin devamlılığını ve baskıcı politikalarını meşrulaştırmak için kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Devlet tekelinde ve katılımın zorunlu olduğu soykırım anma törenleri, sadece Tutsilerin mağdur kabul edildiği seçilmiş mağduriyet temelli bir resmi tarih yazılması, etnik kimliklerin kullanımının yasaklanması, zorunlu eğitim kampları, hafif sayılabilecek suçları dahi soykırım sayan ve adaleti sağlayamayan yerel mahkemelerin varlığı uzlaşma yerine soykırım siyaseti yürütüldüğünü göstermektedir. Hükümet medyayı, siyaseti ve yerel idari birimleri kontrol altına alarak, ülkedeki yaygın idari gözetim mekanizmasının yardımıyla kendi iktidarını meşrulaştırma aracı olarak soykırımı kullanır hale gelmiş, uzlaşma politikaları hakiki anlamda uzlaşmayı engeller bir şekle bürünmüştür. Çalışmada, Ruanda’da soykırım siyasetinin nasıl yürütüldüğü, bu siyasetin toplumsal uzlaşmadaki ve şiddet döngüsünü engellemedeki olumsuz rolü aktarılacaktır.

Keywords

Ruanda, Çatışma Çözümü, Uzlaşma, Soykırım Siyaseti

Politics of Genocide, Reconciliation and Reconciliation Approaches in Rwanda

Abstract

With the mass participation of the people in Rwanda, acts of genocide took place. Since in the history of the country, the cycle of violence repeated, conflict resolution and reconciliation processes were necessary to prevent violence. The government-initiated reconciliation with the support of the international society and achieved economic and political reforms. However, the Tutsi government’s reconciliation policies instrumentalize the genocide for its own legitimacy. The fact that the Tutsi were subjected to genocide seems to have provided a legitimate basis for the exclusion of other victim groups, the continuation of the Tutsi government. The government monopolized memorials with compulsory participation, the sole Tutsi victimization, an official history based on selected victimization, the prohibition of the use of ethnic identities, compulsory education camps, the existence of local courts considering lesser crimes as genocide mean that the government is pursuing politics of genocide rather than reconciliation. By controlling the media, politics and local administrative units, the government has started to use the genocide as a means of legitimizing its own power with the help of surveillance mechanisms. In the study, how reconciliation has become an obstacle to genuine reconciliation and politics of genocide will be discussed.

Keywords

Rwanda, Conflict Resolution, Reconciliation, Politics of Genocide

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