Hegemony and Sanctions: The Significance Relationship Between US Hegemony and US Economic Sanctions in the Cold War

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 383 - 421, 01.06.2022

Akın Sağıroğlu

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2022.14

Abstract

Economic sanctions are preferred by states as a coercive foreign policy tool. During the Cold War, the United States of America (US) frequently used economic sanctions. In addition, the economic sanctions imposed by the US differ from the economic sanctions applied by other states in terms of quality and quantity. In this context, the study is aimed at “Is there a significant difference between the hegemony of the US and the economic sanctions applied by the US during the Cold War?” focused on the question. In the study, categorical variables were created to analyse a statistically significant relationship between US hegemony and economic sanctions. In the direction of these categorical variables, cross-tabulation and chi-square independence test analysis were applied to 230 economic sanctions imposed by the US on target countries during the Cold War (1945-1990). A statistically significant relationship emerged between the hegemony periods of the US and the foreign policy objectives of the economic sanctions, the nature of the sanctions and the target regions. In addition, a statistically significant relationship was determined between the nature of the sanctions and the scales of the target region and target country.

Keywords

Cold War, US Hegemony, US Economic Sanctions, US Hegemony Periods, Cross-Tabulation Analysis, Chi-square Test

Hegemonya ve Yaptırım: Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nde ABD Hegemonyası ile ABD’nin Ekonomik Yaptırımları Arasındaki Anlamlı İlişki

Abstract

Ekonomik yaptırımlar, devletler tarafından zorlayıcı bir dış politika aracı olarak tercih edilmektedir. Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ekonomik yaptırımları sıklıkla kullanmıştır. Bununla birlikte ABD’nin uyguladığı ekonomik yaptırımlar diğer devletlerin uyguladığı ekonomik yaptırımlardan nitelik ve nicelik bakımından ayrışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, “Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nde, ABD hegemonyası ile ABD’nin uyguladığı ekonomik yaptırımlar arasında anlamlı farklılaşma var mı?” sorusuna odaklanmıştır. Çalışmada, ABD hegemonyası ile ekonomik yaptırımlar arasında istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir ilişkinin analizi için kategorik değişkenler oluşturulmuştur. Bu kategorik değişkenler doğrultusunda ABD’nin Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nde (1945-1990) hedef ülkelere uyguladığı 230 ekonomik yaptırıma çapraz tablo ve ki-kare bağımsızlık testi analizi uygulanmıştır. ABD’nin hegemonya dönemleri ile ekonomik yaptırımların dış politika amaçları, yaptırımların niteliği ve hedef bölgeler arasında istatistiki açıdan anlamlı ilişki ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca yaptırımların niteliği ile hedef bölge ve hedef ülke ölçekleri arasında da istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Soğuk Savaş, ABD Hegemonyası, ABD Ekonomik Yaptırımları, ABD Hegemonya Dönemleri, Çapraz Tablo Analizi, Ki-kare Testi

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