Sistemik ve İç Faktörler Işığında Değişen Türk Dış Politikası: Venezuela Örneği

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 422 - 452, 01.06.2022

Ferda Abiç Başar Baysal

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2022.15

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türk Dış Politikası’nda dönüşüm bağlamında Türkiye-Venezuela ilişkilerinin gelişimini Neoklasik Realist kuram ile açıklamayı hedeflemiştir. Türkiye’nin Venezuela politikası, ABD’nin Venezuela’ya yaptırımlar uyguladığı bir dönemde gerçekleşmesi sebebiyle diğer dış politika adımlarından ayrışmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Soğuk Savaş sonrası sistem içindeki stratejik çevrenin izin verici karakteri ve Türkiye’nin artan göreli gücü, Türkiye'nin ABD’ye rağmen siyaset izlemesinin önünü açan temel sistemik faktörler olarak ele alınmıştır. İç faktörler bağlamında, 2002 yılından sonra Türkiye iç siyasetindeki değişimler, Türk toplumunda uzun yıllardır süregelen ABD karşıtlığı, ABD ve Türkiye’nin Suriye krizindeki çelişen politikaları ile ABD’nin 15 Temmuz 2016 darbe girişimi sonrası politikasının Türkiye’deki lider ve toplum algısına etkisi irdelenmiştir. Son olarak, Türkiye-Venezuela ilişkileri özelinde 2016 yılındaki sıçramayı açıklamak adına, iki ülkede de yaşanan darbe/yönetim değiştirme girişimlerinin getirdiği empati ile demokratik gerileme süreçlerinin yarattığı yakınlaşma üzerinde durulmuştur.

Keywords

Türkiye, Venezuela, Dış Politika Analizi, Neoklasik Realizm, Türk Dış Politikası

Changing Turkish Foreign Policy in the Light of Systemic and Domestic Factors: The Case of Venezuela

Abstract

This study aims to explain the development of Turkey’s relations with Venezuela in the context of the transformation of Turkish Foreign Policy through the lens of Neoclassical Realist theory. Turkey’s Venezuela policy differ from other foreign policy steps as it takes place at a time when the USA imposes sanctions on Venezuela. In this context, Turkey’s growing relative power and the permissive character of the strategic environment within the system since the end of the Cold War are considered as the main systemic factors that paved the way for Turkey to follow politics despite the USA. In the context of domestic factors, such as changes in Turkey’s domestic politics after 2002, the long-standing anti-US sentiment in Turkish society, the USA’s policies regarding July 15, 2016, coup attempt and conflicting policies of the USA and Turkey in the Syrian Crisis that affect society and leader perception were emphasized. Finally, in order to explain the recent development in the relations with Venezuela after 2016, the empathy brought by the coup/administrative change attempts in both countries and the rapprochement created by the democratic backsliding processes in both countries were emphasized.

Keywords

Turkey, Venezuela, Foreign Policy Analysis, Neoclassical Realism, Turkish Foreign Policy

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