The Role of the Social Democratic Party of Germany – Communist Party of Germany Duality in the Rise of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party in the Weimar Republic

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 498 - 532, 20.06.2021

Ufuk S. Yüksel

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2021.17

Abstract

In this study, it is intended to question the effects of antagonism between the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) on the rise of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) within the framework of subjective conditions in the Weimar Republic and to evaluate the class structure of the supporters to whom the NSDAP addresses, based on the internal dynamics of these parties. This analysis will mainly concentrate on the founding period of the Weimar Republic, and the SPD-KPD split, which originates from the 1918 November and 1919 January Revolutions, will be discussed with reference to the institutional structure of these parties. Theoretically, this examination is based on the position of Wilhelm Reich, who developed a Nazism analysis that highlights the effects of conditions based on the action of the subject on the rise of the NSDAP. The thesis "the suppression of the January 1919 rebellions, when the KPD took over the leadership, due to the SPD's reconciliation with the Reichswehr and big capital against the rebels was a political breaking point in the Weimar Republic and this process set the political ground on which the NSDAP will rise" is the focus of this study.

Keywords

Nazism, Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), Communist Party of Germany (KPD), National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), Weimar Republic.

Weimar Cumhuriyeti’nde Almanya Sosyal Demokrat Partisi – Almanya Komünist Partisi İkiliğinin Nasyonal Sosyalist Alman İşçi Partisi’nin Yükselişindeki Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Weimar Cumhuriyeti’nde Almanya Sosyal Demokrat Partisi (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands-SPD) ve Almanya Komünist Partisi (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands-KPD) arasındaki karşıtlığın, Nasyonal Sosyalist Alman İşçi Partisi’nin (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei-NSDAP) yükselişi üzerindeki etkilerini subjektif koşullar merkezinde sorgulamak ve bu partilerin iç dinamiklerinden hareketle NSDAP’nin seslendiği seçmen kitlesinin sınıfsal yapısını analiz etmek hedeflenmektedir. Bu analizde büyük oranda Weimar Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluş dönemine odaklanılacak, kökeni 1918 Kasım ve 1919 Ocak Devrimleri’ne dayanan SPD-KPD ayrışması bu partilerin kurumsal yapısından hareketle tartışılacaktır. Bu sorgulamada, NSDAP’nin yükselişinde öznenin eylemine dayalı koşulların etkilerini öne çıkaran bir Nazizm analizi geliştiren Wilhelm Reich’ın kuramsal pozisyonu temel alınmıştır. “KPD’nin liderliğini devraldığı 1919 Ocak ayaklanmalarının, SPD’nin isyancılar aleyhine Alman Ordusu (Reichswehr) ve büyük sermayeyle uzlaşması nedeniyle bastırılması, Weimar Cumhuriyeti’nde siyasi açıdan bir kırılma noktası olmuş ve bu süreç NSDAP’nin yükseleceği siyasal zemini hazırlamıştır” tezi bu çalışmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

Nazizm, Almanya Sosyal Demokrat Partisi (SPD), Almanya Komünist Partisi (KPD), Nasyonal Sosyalist Alman İşçi Partisi (NSDAP), Weimar Cumhuriyeti.

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