Türkiye’nin Dış Politika Davranışının Neoklasik Realist Bir Açıklaması: Bülent Ecevit’in 1978-1979 ve 1999-2002 Hükümetlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 315 - 343, 13.06.2023

Fatma Aslı Kelkitli

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.12

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışma, neoklasik realist teoriden yararlanarak 1978-1979 ve 1999-2002 yılları arasında Ecevit’in başbakanlığında Türkiye’nin dış politika davranışını inceleyip karşılaştırmaktadır. Makale, her iki dönemde de müsamahakâr stratejik ortamın, önceki dönemdeki yumuşamanın, ikinci dönemdeki tek kutuplu uluslararası sistemin, Türkiye’nin komşu bölgelere özel vurgu yapan çok boyutlu dış politikasının önünü açtığını öne sürmektedir. Ecevit ve dışişleri bakanları Gündüz Ökçün ve İsmail Cem’in dünya görüşleri ile ülkede ciddi ekonomik sorunların ortaya çıkması da her iki dönemde de bölge merkezli dış politika çizgisinin pekişmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Her ne kadar İkinci Soğuk Savaş’ın Aralık 1979’da Afganistan’a Sovyet müdahalesinin ardından gelmesi Türkiye’nin çok boyutlu dış politika duruşunu bir süreliğine kesintiye uğratsa da Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde artan çok kutupluluk eğilimi Türkiye’nin daha özerk bir dış politika izlemesini kolaylaştırmıştır.

Keywords

Neoklasik Realizm, Türkiye, Dış Politika Davranışı, Bülent Ecevit, Çok Boyutlu Dış Politika

A Neo-Classical Realist Account of Türkiye’s Foreign Policy Behavior: The Comparison of Bülent Ecevit’s 1978-1979 and 1999-2002 Governments

Abstract

This study examines and compares the foreign policy behavior of Türkiye under the premiership of Bülent Ecevit between 1978-1979 and 1999-2002 via utilization of neo-classical realist theory. The article argues that the permissive strategic environment in both periods, détente in the former and unipolar international system in the latter paved the way for Türkiye’s multi-dimensional foreign policy which put special emphasis on neighboring regions. The worldviews of Ecevit and his foreign ministers Gündüz Ökçün and İsmail Cem as well as the emergence of grave economic problems in the country also contributed to the consolidation of region-centric foreign policy streak in both periods. Yet, while the arrival of the Second Cold War in December 1979 following the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan interrupted Türkiye’s multi-dimensional foreign policy stance for a while, the increasing trend towards multi-polarity starting from mid-2000s facilitated Türkiye’s pursuit of more autonomous foreign policy line.

Keywords

Neo-classical Realism, Türkiye, Foreign Policy Behavior, Bülent Ecevit, Multi-Dimensional Foreign Policy

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