Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı’nda Muhariplerin Eşitliği İlkesi

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 385 - 415, 13.06.2023

Ayşe Cebecioğlu Haldız

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.15

Abstract

Muhariplerin eşitliği ilkesi, uluslararası insancıl hukukun temel ilkelerinden biridir. İnsancıl hukuk kurallarının bir silahlı çatışmanın tüm taraflarına, onların silahlı çatışmaya müdahil olma nedenlerine bakılmaksızın eşit olarak uygulanması manasına gelmektedir. Kökeni yüzyıllar öncesine dayandırılan bu ilkenin hem içeriği hem de geçerliliği zaman zaman tartışma konusu olmaktadır. Bu tartışmalardan biri de 1945 Birleşmiş Milletler Şartı ile devletlerin bir silahlı çatışmaya müdahil olmaları meşru müdafaa durumları haricinde yasaklandığında ortaya çıkmıştır. Uluslararası toplumun, jus cogens niteliği atfedilen bu yasağı ihlal eden taraf ile ona karşı kendini savunmak zorunda kalan tarafa artık eşit yaklaşmadığı sonuç olarak da ilkenin eskidiği ya da terk edildiği öne sürülmüştür. Bu çalışmada bu iddia uluslararası toplumun büyük çoğunluğunun taraflardan birini desteklediği 2022 Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı üzerinden ele alınmaktadır.

Keywords

Muhariplerin Eşitliği, Jus Ad Bellum, Jus In Bello, Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk, Kuvvet Kullanma

The Principle of Equality of Belligerents in Russia-Ukraine War

Abstract

Equality of belligerents is one of the primary principles of international humanitarian law. It means that the rules of humanitarian law apply equally to all parties to an armed conflict, regardless of the reasons for their involvement in the armed conflict. Both the content and validity of this principle, whose origins date back to centuries ago, have sometimes been the subject of debates. One of these debates arose when the United Nations Charter of 1945 prohibited states from being involved in an armed conflict, except in self-defense cases. It has been asserted that the international community no longer approaches equally the party that violates this prohibition, which is considered as jus cogens, and the party that has to defend itself against it, and consequently, the principle is outdated or abandoned. In this study, this assertion is discussed through the 2022 Russia-Ukraine War, in which the majority of the international community has been supporting one of the parties.

Keywords

Equality of Belligerents, Jus Ad Bellum, Jus In Bello, International Humanitarian Law, Use of Force

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