Metasurface-Enhanced 2×2 MIMO Antenna with CSRR Loading for 5G NR n258 Band Applications

Cihat Şeker; İbrahim Ethem Yilmaz

doi:10.21541/apjess.1798246

Metasurface-Enhanced 2×2 MIMO Antenna with CSRR Loading for 5G NR n258 Band Applications

Abstract

Considering the dominant trajectory and evolution of communication technologies in today's society, it is evident that the frequencies associated with 5G NR, along with comprehensive studies conducted within these designated bands, will significantly influence and guide the direction of future research efforts related to 6G studies. The n258 frequency band, which covers the range of 24.25 to 27.50 GHz and is classified under the 5G NR FR2 frequency range, is also being systematically evaluated within this scientific context. During this research, the initial focus was directed toward the complex design and development of a microstrip patch antenna meticulously designed to operate effectively in the specified frequency band. Furthermore, the design of the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna unit cell was successfully accomplished through the innovative integration of a complementary square ring resonator (CSRR) structure that serves as a complementary component to the aforementioned antenna design. The effect of the proposed metasurface unit cell on operational efficiency was demonstrated, revealing that it performs optimally in the n258 frequency band. The design of the unit cell antenna resulted in achieving an impressive bandwidth achieved an impressive bandwidth of 1.88 GHz, along with a remarkable return loss value of -39.63 dB at the designated center frequency of 26.08 GHz. Based on the fundamental principles established by the unit cell design, a 2 × 2 MIMO antenna configuration was subsequently developed. While the bandwidth characteristic of the newly designed MIMO antenna was recorded at 1.95 GHz, the return loss at the defined center frequency of 26.09 GHz is an exceptional -48.58 dB. These simulation results show strong correlation with the electrical equivalent circuit model. In addition to return loss, the far-field patterns and gains of the antennas are also provided. The maximum gain values of the antennas were obtained as 4.5, 5.3, and 5.84 for Antenna 2, CSRR Loaded Unit Cell and MIMO, respectively, at the designated center frequency of 26.08 GHz.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Theory of Computation (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Cihat Şeker ^*
0000-0002-9680-4622
Türkiye

İbrahim Ethem Yilmaz
0000-0001-7891-090X
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 31, 2026

Submission Date

October 6, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 23, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 14 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.21541/apjess.1798246

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA23LW58WR

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Şeker, C., & Yilmaz, İ. E. (2026). Metasurface-Enhanced 2×2 MIMO Antenna with CSRR Loading for 5G NR n258 Band Applications. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems, 14(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.21541/apjess.1798246

AMA

1.Şeker C, Yilmaz İE. Metasurface-Enhanced 2×2 MIMO Antenna with CSRR Loading for 5G NR n258 Band Applications. APJESS. 2026;14(1):55-65. doi:10.21541/apjess.1798246

Chicago

Şeker, Cihat, and İbrahim Ethem Yilmaz. 2026. “Metasurface-Enhanced 2×2 MIMO Antenna With CSRR Loading for 5G NR N258 Band Applications”. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems 14 (1): 55-65. https://doi.org/10.21541/apjess.1798246.

EndNote

Şeker C, Yilmaz İE (January 1, 2026) Metasurface-Enhanced 2×2 MIMO Antenna with CSRR Loading for 5G NR n258 Band Applications. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems 14 1 55–65.

IEEE

[1]C. Şeker and İ. E. Yilmaz, “Metasurface-Enhanced 2×2 MIMO Antenna with CSRR Loading for 5G NR n258 Band Applications”, APJESS, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 55–65, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.21541/apjess.1798246.

ISNAD

Şeker, Cihat - Yilmaz, İbrahim Ethem. “Metasurface-Enhanced 2×2 MIMO Antenna With CSRR Loading for 5G NR N258 Band Applications”. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems 14/1 (January 1, 2026): 55-65. https://doi.org/10.21541/apjess.1798246.

JAMA

1.Şeker C, Yilmaz İE. Metasurface-Enhanced 2×2 MIMO Antenna with CSRR Loading for 5G NR n258 Band Applications. APJESS. 2026;14:55–65.

MLA

Şeker, Cihat, and İbrahim Ethem Yilmaz. “Metasurface-Enhanced 2×2 MIMO Antenna With CSRR Loading for 5G NR N258 Band Applications”. Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems, vol. 14, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 55-65, doi:10.21541/apjess.1798246.

Vancouver

1.Cihat Şeker, İbrahim Ethem Yilmaz. Metasurface-Enhanced 2×2 MIMO Antenna with CSRR Loading for 5G NR n258 Band Applications. APJESS. 2026 Jan. 1;14(1):55-6. doi:10.21541/apjess.1798246