Research Article
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Memlüklüler Devrinde Endülüslü Bir Arap Dilbilimcisi: Ebu Hayyan el-Endelusi

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 114 - 130, 31.08.2019

Abstract





İslam tarihinde Bağdat,
Şam ve Kahire ilmi çalışmaların yapıldığı yerler arasında zirveye ulaşmıştır. Ayrıca
bu bölgelerde sayısız alim yetişmiş ve muazzam eserler ortaya konmuştur. Bu
noktada, Selçuklularda önemli müesseseler olan medreseleri Eyyübilerden
devralan Memlüklüler, bu kurumlarla birlikte İslami ilimlerin altın çağını
yaşamıştır. Diğer yandan, kayıp cennet olarak bilinen Endülüs gerek jeolojik ve
kültürel yönden gerekse de sosyo-eğitim alanındaki kendine has özelliklerinden
dolayı İslam dünyasının Batı’daki yegane merkezi haline gelmiş ve Batı’nın
karanlık çağının değişmesinde önemli rol oynamıştır. Bu iki bölge arasında
yetişen meşhur İslam alimi ve Arap dili uzmanı Ebu Hayyan el-Endelusi’nin
hayatı hakkında malumatların yer alacağı bu makalede, konu çeşitli bölgelerde
aldığı dini eğitimlerin müellife etkisi çerçevesinde işlenecektir. Bu
çalışmanın ana gayesi ise, Ebu Hayyan’ın hayatındaki evreleri tabakat
eserlerinde yer alan bilgiler doğrultusunda ortaya koymaktır. Ayrıca çeşitli
İslami ilimlerde özellikle de nahiv alanında katkılar sunan yazarın bu alandaki
hocalarını ve eserlerini ortaya koymak bu makalenin bir diğer amacıdır. Hayatı
boyunca önde gelen pek çok alimi yetiştiren müellifin öneminin vurgulandığı
yazı, Mısır’ın ve Endülüs’ün Ebu Hayyan’a etkisiyle nihayete erecektir.





 




References

  • Al-Dawudi, Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn ‘Ali. Tabaqat al-Mufassirin. Beirut: Dar Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1403H/1983AD.
  • Al-Dimashqi, Shams al-Din Abu al-Mahasin Muhammad ibn ‘Ali al-Husayni. Zayl Tazkirah -Huffadh li al-Zahabi. Beirut: Dar Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1956.
  • Al-Hadithi, Khadijah. Abu Hayyan al-Nahwi. Baghdad: Maktabah al-Nakhda, 1385H/1966AD.
  • Al-Hamawi, Shihab al-Din Abu ‘Abdullah al-Rumi al-Baghdadi. Mu'jam al-Buldan. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1397H/1993AD.
  • Al-Kutubi, Salah al-Din Muhammad Shakir al-Darani. Fawat al-Wafayat. Ed. Ikhsan Abbas. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1974.
  • —. Fawat al-Wafayat. Ed. Ikhsan Abbas. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1974.
  • Al-Maqqari. Nafh al-Tib (The History of the Muhammedan Dynasties in Spain). Trans. Pascual de Gayangos. London: The Oriental Translation Fund, MDCCCXL-1840.
  • —. Nafh al-Tib min Ghusn al-Andalus al-Ratib. Ed. Ikhsan ‘Abbas. Beirut: Dar al-Sadir, 1388H/1968AD.
  • Al-Maqrizi, Taqiyy al-Din. Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir. Ed. Muhammad al-Yalawi. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, 1411H/1991AD.
  • Al-Safadi, Salah al-Din Khalil ibn Aibaq. Ayan al-Asr wa A’wan al-Nasr. Ed. Nabil Abu Amsa, Muhammad Maw'ed, Mahmoud Salem Muhammad 'Ali Abu Zayd. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1418H/1998AD.
  • —. Kitab al-Wafi bi al-Wafayat. Ed. Muhammad ibn Mahmud and Ibrahim ibn Sulaiman. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1420H/2000AD.
  • Al-Subki, Taj al-Din Abu Nasr Abd al-Wahab. Tabaqat Shafi’iyyah al-Kubra. Ed. Abd al-Fattah Muhammad al-Khulw Mahmud ibn Muhammad al-Tanahi. Qahira(Cairo): Faisal ‘Isa al-Babi al-Halabi, 1383H/1964AD.
  • Al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din ‘Abd al-Rahman. Bughyat al-Wuah fi Tabaqat al-Lughawiyyun wa al-Nuhat. Ed. Muhammad Abu al-Fadhl Ibrahim. Qahira (Cairo): ‘Isa al-Babi al-Halabi, 1384H/1964AD.
  • Amalia, Levanoni. A Turning Point in Mamluk History. Ed. Ulrich Haarmann. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
  • Atil, Esin. Art of the Mamluks: Renaissance of Islam. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981.
  • Chalmeta, Pedro. "An Approximate Picture of the Economy of al-Andalus." Jayyusi, Salma Khadra. The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Leiden: Brill, 2000. 741-758.
  • Cheijne, Anwar. "The Role of al-Andalus in the Movement of Ideas Between Islam and the West." Islam and the Medieval West Aspects of Intercultural Relations. Ed. Khalil I. Semaan. Albany : State University of New York Press, n.d. 110-133.
  • Colin, G. S. "Al-Andalus." The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Leiden: Brill, 1979. 486-533.
  • Donald P. Little, Notes on Mamluk Madrasahs,. https://doi.org/10.6082/M1Q23XC8. 4 7, 2019.
  • Duiker, William J. and Jackson J. Spielvogel. World History. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage, 2010.
  • Elmeligi, Wessam. The Poetry of Arab Women from the Pre-Islamic Age to Andalusia. New York: Routledge Focus, 2019.
  • Ermers, Robert. Arabic Grammars of Turkic. Boston: Brill, 1999.
  • Glazer, Sidney. "Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Ed. A. R. Gibb, et al. Vol. I. Leiden: Brill, n.d. 126.
  • Harvey, L. P. Islamic Spain 125 to 1500. Chicago and London:: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.
  • Hillenbrand, Robert. "The Ornament of the World” Medieval Cordoba as a Cultural Centre." The Legacy of Muslim Spain, I, Pp. 113-136. Ed. Salma Khadra Jayyusi. Leiden-Boston-Koln: Brill, 2000. 113-136.
  • Hole, Edwyn. Andalus: Spain Under the Muslim. London: R. Hale, 1958.
  • Holt, P. M. "Mamluk." The Encyclopedia of Islam. Ed. C. E. Bosworth, et al. Leiden: Brill, 1991. 314-331.
  • Hughes, Aaron. "Andalus." Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Ed. R. C. Martin. USA: Thomson Gace, n.d.
  • Ibn al-‘Imad, Shihab al-Din Abu al-Falah Abd al-Hayy al-Hanbali al-Dımashqi. Shazarat al-Zahab fi Akhbar man Zahab. Ed. Mahmud Arnaud 'Abd al-Qadir Arnaud. Beirut: Dar Ibn Kathir, 1413H/1992AD.
  • Ibn al-Jazari, Shams al-Din Abu al-Khair Muhammad. Ghayah al-Nihayah fi Taabaqat al-Qurra. Ed. Gotthelf Bergstraesser. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1427H/2006AD.
  • Ibn Hajar, Abu al-Fadhl Shihab al-Din al-Asghalani. al-Durar al-Kaminah fi Ayan al-Miah al-Thaminah. Beirut: Dar Ikhya al-Turath al-‘Arabi, n.d.
  • Ibn Qadi Shukhbah, Abu Bakr ibn Ahmad Taqiyy al-Din al-Dımashqi. Tabaqat al-Shafi’iyyah. Ed. ‘Abd al-Alim Khan. Hyderabad: Dairah Maarif Othmaniyyah, 1399H/1979AD.
  • Imamuddin, S. M. A Political History of Muslim Spain. New Delhi: Affiliated East-West Press, 1960.
  • —. Muslim Spain 711-1492 A.D. A Social Study. London: E. J. Brill, 1981.
  • Irwin, Robert. "Mamluk Literature." Mamluk Studies Review. Chicago: Ashgate, 2003.
  • The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. London: A. Spottiswoode, n.d.
  • Lew, Yakoov. https://doi.org/10.6082/M1PG1PW5. 01 7, 2019.
  • Makki, Mahmoud. "The Political History of al-Andalus." The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Ed. Salmaa Khadra Jayyusi. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
  • Mercedes. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/granada. 05/07/2019.
  • Northrup, Linda S. From Slave to Sultan: The Career of al-Mansur Qalawun and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678-689 A.H./1279-1290 A.D.). Stuttgart: Steiner Verlag, 1998.
  • Schultz, Warren. "Mamluk." Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Ed. Richard C. Martin. USA: Thomson Gale, 2004.
  • Sobernheim, M. Mamluks. Ed. Subodh Kapoor. Vol. VIII. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 2010.
  • Thomson, Ahmad. Blood on the Cross: Islam in Spain the Light of Christian Persecution the Ages. London: TaHa Publishers Ltd., 1410H/1989AD.
  • Viguera, Maria J. "Asluhu li’l-ma‘ali: On the Social Status of Andalusi Women." Jallusi, Salma Khadra. The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
  • Watt, W. Montgomery. A history of Islamic Spain. Edinburgh: University Press, 1992.
  • Yigit, Ismail. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/memlukler#1. 01 7, 2019.
  • Zaki), James Dickie (Yaqub. "Granada: A Case Study of Arab Urbanism in Muslim Spain." The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Vol. I. Leiden-Boston-Koln: Brill, 2000. I-II, 88-111.

Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi: An Andalusian Arab Linguist in the Mamluks

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 114 - 130, 31.08.2019

Abstract



Despite
numerous centres of Islamic sciences, Baghdad, Damascus and Cairo have reached
the peak for centuries after the appearance and the expansion of Islam, and
many connoisseur scholars raised in these regions, likewise, immense resources
were composed there. In this context, Mamluks, who carried the madrasas
developed by the Seljuk period to the summit with the inheritance they took
over from the Ayyubids, became the Golden Age of this period. Further to that,
identified lost paradise, Andalusia
was the unique centre of the Islamic world in West due to its geo-cultural
position and exclusive features in social and educational life and played a
decisive role in changing and reconstruction the dark ages of West world. This
article on the life history of Abu Hayyan, an essential Middle age figure,
focuses particularly on the impress that the Arabic language had, by analysing
the role of different regions within the framework of the religious training,
and moreover, adverts the educational policies of Andalusia and Mamluks. The
main object of the study is to reveal the major stages of the author’s life
cycle in some aspects through the eyes of the Islamic biographical literature’s
specialists. This essay similarly intends to demonstrate Abu Hayyan's position,
who had an observable effect on various Islamic sciences and gained his fame in
syntax, in a real sense by including the author’s scholars and works. Starting
from the significance of Abu Hayyan, who guided a great number of authors
through length of life, the article concludes with the influence of both
mentioned regions on him.




References

  • Al-Dawudi, Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn ‘Ali. Tabaqat al-Mufassirin. Beirut: Dar Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1403H/1983AD.
  • Al-Dimashqi, Shams al-Din Abu al-Mahasin Muhammad ibn ‘Ali al-Husayni. Zayl Tazkirah -Huffadh li al-Zahabi. Beirut: Dar Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1956.
  • Al-Hadithi, Khadijah. Abu Hayyan al-Nahwi. Baghdad: Maktabah al-Nakhda, 1385H/1966AD.
  • Al-Hamawi, Shihab al-Din Abu ‘Abdullah al-Rumi al-Baghdadi. Mu'jam al-Buldan. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1397H/1993AD.
  • Al-Kutubi, Salah al-Din Muhammad Shakir al-Darani. Fawat al-Wafayat. Ed. Ikhsan Abbas. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1974.
  • —. Fawat al-Wafayat. Ed. Ikhsan Abbas. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1974.
  • Al-Maqqari. Nafh al-Tib (The History of the Muhammedan Dynasties in Spain). Trans. Pascual de Gayangos. London: The Oriental Translation Fund, MDCCCXL-1840.
  • —. Nafh al-Tib min Ghusn al-Andalus al-Ratib. Ed. Ikhsan ‘Abbas. Beirut: Dar al-Sadir, 1388H/1968AD.
  • Al-Maqrizi, Taqiyy al-Din. Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir. Ed. Muhammad al-Yalawi. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, 1411H/1991AD.
  • Al-Safadi, Salah al-Din Khalil ibn Aibaq. Ayan al-Asr wa A’wan al-Nasr. Ed. Nabil Abu Amsa, Muhammad Maw'ed, Mahmoud Salem Muhammad 'Ali Abu Zayd. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1418H/1998AD.
  • —. Kitab al-Wafi bi al-Wafayat. Ed. Muhammad ibn Mahmud and Ibrahim ibn Sulaiman. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1420H/2000AD.
  • Al-Subki, Taj al-Din Abu Nasr Abd al-Wahab. Tabaqat Shafi’iyyah al-Kubra. Ed. Abd al-Fattah Muhammad al-Khulw Mahmud ibn Muhammad al-Tanahi. Qahira(Cairo): Faisal ‘Isa al-Babi al-Halabi, 1383H/1964AD.
  • Al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din ‘Abd al-Rahman. Bughyat al-Wuah fi Tabaqat al-Lughawiyyun wa al-Nuhat. Ed. Muhammad Abu al-Fadhl Ibrahim. Qahira (Cairo): ‘Isa al-Babi al-Halabi, 1384H/1964AD.
  • Amalia, Levanoni. A Turning Point in Mamluk History. Ed. Ulrich Haarmann. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
  • Atil, Esin. Art of the Mamluks: Renaissance of Islam. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981.
  • Chalmeta, Pedro. "An Approximate Picture of the Economy of al-Andalus." Jayyusi, Salma Khadra. The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Leiden: Brill, 2000. 741-758.
  • Cheijne, Anwar. "The Role of al-Andalus in the Movement of Ideas Between Islam and the West." Islam and the Medieval West Aspects of Intercultural Relations. Ed. Khalil I. Semaan. Albany : State University of New York Press, n.d. 110-133.
  • Colin, G. S. "Al-Andalus." The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Leiden: Brill, 1979. 486-533.
  • Donald P. Little, Notes on Mamluk Madrasahs,. https://doi.org/10.6082/M1Q23XC8. 4 7, 2019.
  • Duiker, William J. and Jackson J. Spielvogel. World History. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage, 2010.
  • Elmeligi, Wessam. The Poetry of Arab Women from the Pre-Islamic Age to Andalusia. New York: Routledge Focus, 2019.
  • Ermers, Robert. Arabic Grammars of Turkic. Boston: Brill, 1999.
  • Glazer, Sidney. "Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Ed. A. R. Gibb, et al. Vol. I. Leiden: Brill, n.d. 126.
  • Harvey, L. P. Islamic Spain 125 to 1500. Chicago and London:: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.
  • Hillenbrand, Robert. "The Ornament of the World” Medieval Cordoba as a Cultural Centre." The Legacy of Muslim Spain, I, Pp. 113-136. Ed. Salma Khadra Jayyusi. Leiden-Boston-Koln: Brill, 2000. 113-136.
  • Hole, Edwyn. Andalus: Spain Under the Muslim. London: R. Hale, 1958.
  • Holt, P. M. "Mamluk." The Encyclopedia of Islam. Ed. C. E. Bosworth, et al. Leiden: Brill, 1991. 314-331.
  • Hughes, Aaron. "Andalus." Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Ed. R. C. Martin. USA: Thomson Gace, n.d.
  • Ibn al-‘Imad, Shihab al-Din Abu al-Falah Abd al-Hayy al-Hanbali al-Dımashqi. Shazarat al-Zahab fi Akhbar man Zahab. Ed. Mahmud Arnaud 'Abd al-Qadir Arnaud. Beirut: Dar Ibn Kathir, 1413H/1992AD.
  • Ibn al-Jazari, Shams al-Din Abu al-Khair Muhammad. Ghayah al-Nihayah fi Taabaqat al-Qurra. Ed. Gotthelf Bergstraesser. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 1427H/2006AD.
  • Ibn Hajar, Abu al-Fadhl Shihab al-Din al-Asghalani. al-Durar al-Kaminah fi Ayan al-Miah al-Thaminah. Beirut: Dar Ikhya al-Turath al-‘Arabi, n.d.
  • Ibn Qadi Shukhbah, Abu Bakr ibn Ahmad Taqiyy al-Din al-Dımashqi. Tabaqat al-Shafi’iyyah. Ed. ‘Abd al-Alim Khan. Hyderabad: Dairah Maarif Othmaniyyah, 1399H/1979AD.
  • Imamuddin, S. M. A Political History of Muslim Spain. New Delhi: Affiliated East-West Press, 1960.
  • —. Muslim Spain 711-1492 A.D. A Social Study. London: E. J. Brill, 1981.
  • Irwin, Robert. "Mamluk Literature." Mamluk Studies Review. Chicago: Ashgate, 2003.
  • The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. London: A. Spottiswoode, n.d.
  • Lew, Yakoov. https://doi.org/10.6082/M1PG1PW5. 01 7, 2019.
  • Makki, Mahmoud. "The Political History of al-Andalus." The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Ed. Salmaa Khadra Jayyusi. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
  • Mercedes. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/granada. 05/07/2019.
  • Northrup, Linda S. From Slave to Sultan: The Career of al-Mansur Qalawun and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678-689 A.H./1279-1290 A.D.). Stuttgart: Steiner Verlag, 1998.
  • Schultz, Warren. "Mamluk." Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Ed. Richard C. Martin. USA: Thomson Gale, 2004.
  • Sobernheim, M. Mamluks. Ed. Subodh Kapoor. Vol. VIII. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 2010.
  • Thomson, Ahmad. Blood on the Cross: Islam in Spain the Light of Christian Persecution the Ages. London: TaHa Publishers Ltd., 1410H/1989AD.
  • Viguera, Maria J. "Asluhu li’l-ma‘ali: On the Social Status of Andalusi Women." Jallusi, Salma Khadra. The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
  • Watt, W. Montgomery. A history of Islamic Spain. Edinburgh: University Press, 1992.
  • Yigit, Ismail. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/memlukler#1. 01 7, 2019.
  • Zaki), James Dickie (Yaqub. "Granada: A Case Study of Arab Urbanism in Muslim Spain." The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Vol. I. Leiden-Boston-Koln: Brill, 2000. I-II, 88-111.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sumeyye Dogru 0000-0002-9842-2716

Muhammed Emin Doğru 0000-0001-9936-0484

Publication Date August 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

ISNAD Dogru, Sumeyye - Doğru, Muhammed Emin. “Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi: An Andalusian Arab Linguist in the Mamluks”. Akademik Platform İslami Araştırmalar Dergisi 3/2 (August 2019), 114-130.
Akademik Platform İslami Araştırmalar Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.