GÜNEYDOĞU ASYA’DAKİ İSLAM DÜŞÜNCE EKOLLERİ

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 458 - 483, 20.12.2020

Peter G. Rıddell

Abstract

Tasavvuf düşüncesi on altıncı yüzyıldan on sekizinci yüzyıla kadar Müslüman Güneydoğu Asya’da dini düşüncenin merkezinde yer aldı. Zaman zaman reformist sufi alimlerin mistik pratikleri şeriat ile uzlaştırma çabalarından kaynaklı olarak ciddi tartışmalar yaşandı.
On dokuzuncu yüzyıl, Avrupa sömürgeciliğinin güçlenmesi sebebiyle Güneydoğu Asya Müslümanlığı için bir dönüm noktası oldu. Malezya-Endonezya Müslümanlarının hayatlarındaki eski paradigmalar yerini yeni yaklaşımlara bıraktı. Hem dinî-felsefî hem reformist yazında tasavvufî anlayıştan tasavvuf dışı modern düşünceye doğru yavaş bir değişim yaşandı.
Bu süreç yirminci yüzyılda güçlendi. Gelenekçi alimler, modern organizasyonlar ve eylemci politikalar ile bu duruma karşılık verdiler. Ancak hakimiyet temel kutsal metinleri modern dünyanın problemlerine göre yorumlamak isteyen modernist ve neo-modernistlerin oldu. Tasavvuf bu duruma kendi modern yorumuyla cevap verdi. Yirmi birinci asrın başında ise yaşanan sosyal ve iktisadi kargaşayla birlikte radikal İslamcı sesler dikkat çekmeye başladı.
Bu makale Güneydoğu Asya İslam mozaiğinin beş yüzyıllık macerasını inceleyecek; Malay-Endonezya Müslümanları arasındaki farklı sesleri, ideolojileri ve düşünce ekollerini tanımlamaya çalışacaktır.

Keywords

İslam, Tasavvuf, Açe, Cava, Sumatra, reformizm, neo-modernizm, gelenekçilik, radikal İslamcılık, modernizm

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