Ahenkli Birlikte Varoluş için Nesnelerarasılık

Abstract

Kültür kavramı, insanın doğaya varsayımsal üstünlüğü üzerinden şekillenmiştir. İnsanmerkezciliği takiben, insanlar çevrelerindeki somut veya soyut her nesneye insani anlamlar yüklediler ve onları sınırlı ve yönlendirilmiş bilişsel kapasiteleri aracılığıyla algılamışlardır. İnsan yorumunun manipülasyonu nedeniyle nesneler özlerinden uzaklaştırılmıştır. İnsanoğlu, nesneler arasındaki doğal etkileşimi ve nesnelerin birer varlık olarak kendi kimliğini görmezden gelmiştir. Kültürel ve doğal nesnelerle uyum içinde yaşama anlayışı kaybolmuştur. Bu araştırma eko-merkezcilik, etkili özgecilik ve nesnelerarasılık gibi kavramları analiz ederek insanmerkezciliği eleştirmektedir. Bu çalışma ile insanlar arasındaki etkileşim, kültürün konumlandırılması ve ekoloji kavramı nesne yönelimli eko-merkezcilik zihniyetinden değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, mevcudiyetlerin ahenkli birlikte varoluşları ve aralarındaki nesnel yapıyı harekete geçirmek için alternatif bir vizyon önerilmiştir.

Keywords

• nesne yönelimli ontoloji
• insanmerkezcilik
• eko-merkezcilik
• ekoloji
• nesnelerarasılık

Interobjectivity for Harmonious Coexistence

Abstract

The concept of culture has been formed through the conjectural superiority of humans over nature. Following anthropocentrism, humans have imposed humanly meanings into every object around them - whether they are tangible or intangible - and perceived them through their limited and directed cognition. Because of the manipulation of human interpretation, objects have been suspended from their essence. Humankind has ignored the natural interaction among objects and their own identity as presences. The notion of living in harmony with cultural and natural objects has been lost. This research criticises anthropocentrism by analysing the concepts like ecocentrism, effective altruism and interobjectivity. With this study, the interaction among humans, the positioning of culture and the notion of ecology have been evaluated from the object-oriented ecocentrism mindset. As a result, an alternative vision has been proposed for activating the harmonious coexistence of presences and interobjective structure among them.

Keywords

• object-oriented ontology
• anthropocentrism
• ecocentrism
• ecology
• interobjectivity

Thanks

This study has been presented at the 14th 4T International Design and Design History Symposium. Thanks to the 4T Design and Design History board members, moderators of the symposium and the audience for contributing to this research.

References

1. Adler, N. (1997). International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior. 3rd ed. Ohio: South-Western College Publishing.
2. Albert, M. (2007). Practical Utopia: Strategies for a Desirable Society. PM Press.
3. Avruch, K. (1998). Culture and Conflict Resolution. Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
4. Balint, T. and Pangaro, P. (2017). Design Space for Space Design: Dialogs Through Boundary Objects at the Intersections of Art, Design, Science, and Engineering. Acta Astronautica, 134, 41-53.
5. Diamond, J. (1987). Agriculture: The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race. Discovery Magazine. pp. 64–66.
6. Eckersley, R. (1992). Environmentalism and Political Theory: Toward an Ecocentric Approach. SUNY Press, Albany, NY.
7. Fry, T. (2019). Starting at the End: A Journey in Time. Journal of Futures Studies, 23(4), 159–164. Retrieved. March 14, 2022, from https://jfsdigital.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/18-Fry-Starting_at_the_End.pdf
8. Garcia, T. (2014). Form and Object. Edinburg University Press Ltd.

9. Harari, Y. N. (2014). Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. Vintage.
10. Harman, G. (2017). Object-Oriented Ontology: A New Theory of Everything. Pelican Random House.
11. Harman, G. (2018). Speculative Realism: An Introduction. Polity Press.
12. Hofstede, G. (1994). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: Harper Collins Business.
13. Hume, D. (1978). Treatise of human nature (L. A. Selby-Bigge, Ed.; 2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
14. Iyer, G. R. (1999). Business, consumers and sustainable living in an interconnected world: A multilateral ecocentric approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 20, 273-288. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006095304996
15. Jones, D. (2003). [1917] In Peter, R., James, H., & Jane, S. (eds.). English Pronouncing Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-3-12-539683-8.
16. Kroeber, A. L. and Kluckhorn, C. (1952). Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. Peabody Museum, Cambridge, MA, 181.
17. Frim, L. (2017). Humanism, Biocentrism, and the Problem of Justification. Ethics, Policy & Environment. 20(3): 243–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/21550085.2017.1374008
18. Macaskill, W. (2019). The Definition of Effective Altruism. In Greaves, H., & Pummer, T. (eds.). Effective Altruism: Philosophical Issues. Engaging philosophy. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841364.003.0001
19. Matsumoto, D. (1996). Culture and Psychology. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
20. Merriam-Webster (2021). Anthropocentric. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved January 6, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anthropocentric
21. Morton, T. (2013). Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World. University of Minnesota Press.
22. Morton, T. (2016). Dark Ecology: For a Logic of Future Coexistence. Columbia University Press.
23. Morton, T. (2019). You Never Know How the Past Will Turn Out. Journal of Futures Studies. 23(4): 97–100. https://doi.org/10.6531/JFS.201906_23(4).0009 Moynihan, T. (2020). Existential risk and human extinction: An intellectual history, Futures, 116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2019.102495
24. Naess, A. (1988). Deep Ecology and Ultimate Premises, Society and Nature. 1, 108–119.
25. Norton, B. (1994). Environmentalism and Political Theory: Toward an ecocentric approach. Ecological Economics, 10(3), 266-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8009(94)90114-7
26. Pangaro, P. (1996). Cybernetics and conversation. Communication and Anti-communication. Retrieved March 9, 2007.
27. Parfit, D. (1984). Reasons and Persons. Oxford University Press. ISBN13: 9780198249085
28. Puig de La Bellacasa, M. (2017). Matters of care: Speculative ethics in more than human worlds. University of Minnesota Press.
29. Rowe, S. J. (1994). Ecocentrism: the Chord that Harmonizes Humans and Earth. The Trumpeter, 11(2): 106-107.
30. Shoreman-Ouimet, E., Kopnina, H. (2016). Culture and Conservation: Beyond Anthropocentrism. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 8–9. ISBN 9781315858630.
31. Singer, P. (2015). The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically. Castle lectures in ethics, politics, and economics. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300180275.
32. Spencer-Oatey, H. (2008). Culturally Speaking. Culture, Communication and Politeness Theory. 2nd edition. London: Continuum.
33. Tylor, E. (1871). Primitive Culture: Research into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom. New York: J. P. Putnam’s Sons.
34. Zerzan, J. (1994). Future Primitive and Other Essays. Autonomedia.