CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRACTICES IN TURKEY AND THEIR POTENTIAL INTERACTION WITH CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION

Abstract

Circular economy is the wise use of all resources, especially natural resources, while increasing efficiency as well as reducing waste. As the circular economy serves the requirements of corporate social responsibility, it has become a prevalent approach in recent years and has begun to be included in the strategies and statements of corporations. However, while being clearly expressed as a concept, when it comes to actual implementation, circular economy practices cannot be listed down in a comprehensive way and corporations are usually faced with uncertainty in this regard. In line with its global development, corporations in Turkey have started to utter the word more frequently. This study looks into that already existing circular economy methods in Turkey and discusses their potential impact. These are namely, organized industrial zones, industrial zones and others as clusters, free trade zones, Techno Parks and industrial symbiosis examples. Furthermore, the afore listed tools of circular economy are discussed based on their potential in respect to near future sector-based implications of increasing focus on climate change.

Keywords

• corporate social responsibility
• circular economy
• climate change

CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRACTICES IN TURKEY AND THEIR POTENTIAL INTERACTION WITH CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION

Abstract

Circular economy is the wise use of all resources, especially natural resources, while increasing efficiency as well as reducing waste. As the circular economy serves the requirements of corporate social responsibility, it has become a prevalent approach in recent years and has begun to be included in the strategies and statements of corporations. However, while being clearly expressed as a concept, when it comes to actual implementation, circular economy practices cannot be listed down in a comprehensive way and corporations are usually faced with uncertainty in this regard. In line with its global development, corporations in Turkey have started to utter the word more frequently. This study looks into that already existing circular economy methods in Turkey and discusses their potential impact. These are namely, organized industrial zones, industrial zones and others as clusters, free trade zones, Techno Parks and industrial symbiosis examples. Furthermore, the afore listed tools of circular economy are discussed based on their potential in respect to near future sector-based implications of increasing focus on climate change.

Keywords

• corporate social responsibility
• circular economy
• climate change

References

1. Alonso-Almeida, M. del M., Rodriguez-Anton, J. M., Bagur-Femenías, L., & Perramon, J. (2021). Institutional entrepreneurship enablers to promote circular economy in the European Union: Impacts on transition towards a more circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124841
2. Bacak, Ç , Altaş, F . (2011). Kümelenme Politikaları ve Öneriler. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi , 2 (2) , 1-13 . DOI: 10.18354/esam.81741
3. Barros, M. V., Salvador, R., do Prado, G. F., de Francisco, A. C., & Piekarski, C. M. (2021). Circular economy as a driver to sustainable businesses. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 2(December 2020), 100006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2020.100006
4. Bjørnbet, M. M., Skaar, C., Fet, A. M., & Schulte, K. Ø. (2021). Circular economy in manufacturing companies: A review of case study literature. Journal of Cleaner Production, 294, 126268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126268
5. Buchmann-Duck, J., & Beazley, K. F. (2020). An urgent call for circular economy advocates to acknowledge its limitations in conserving biodiversity. Science of the Total Environment, 727, 138602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138602
6. Butturi, M. A., Lolli, F., Sellitto, M. A., Balugani, E., Gamberini, R., & Rimini, B. (2019). Renewable energy in eco-industrial parks and urban-industrial symbiosis: A literature review and a conceptual synthesis. Applied Energy, 255(June), 113825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113825
7. Carson, R., Darling, L., Darling, L., Houghton Mifflin Company,, & Riverside Press (Cambridge, Mass.),. (1962).
8. Catalbas, M. C., Kocak, B., & Yenipınar, B. (2021). Analysis of photovoltaic-green roofs in OSTIM industrial zone. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, xxxx, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.205

9. Chen, Y., Ma, J., Miao, C., & Ruan, X. (2020). Occurrence and environmental impact of industrial agglomeration on regional soil heavy metalloid accumulation: A case study of the Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone (ZETZ), China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 245, 118676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118676
10. Chertow, M.R., 2007. “ uncovering ” industrial symbiosis. J. Ind. Ecol. 11, 11-30. De Angelis, R. (2021). Circular economy and paradox theory: A business model perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 285, 124823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124823
11. Durán-Romero, G., López, A. M., Beliaeva, T., Ferasso, M., Garonne, C., & Jones, P. (2020). Bridging the gap between circular economy and climate change mitigation policies through eco-innovations and Quintuple Helix Model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 160(August), 120246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120246
12. Dursun, M., Goker, N., & Tulek, B. D. (2019). Efficiency analysis of organized industrial zones in Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 68(November 2018), 100659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2018.10.010 EBK (2002) https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.4737.pdf retrieved on March 1st, 2021.
13. Eslamizadeh, S., Ghorbani, A., Künneke, R., & Weijnen, M. (2020). Can industries be parties in collective action? Community energy in an Iranian industrial zone. Energy Research and Social Science, 70(September), 101763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101763
14. Fan, Y., & Fang, C. (2020). Assessing environmental performance of eco-industrial development in industrial parks. Waste Management, 107, 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.008
15. Fayomi, G. U., Wusu, O., Mini, S. E., Fayomi, O. S. I., & Kilanko, O. (2018). Data analysis on the level of exposure to pollutions in industrial zone: A case study of Ewekoro and Ota Township. Data in Brief, 19, 859–864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.05.078
16. Fitch-Roy, O., Benson, D., & Monciardini, D. (2021). All around the world: Assessing optimality in comparative circular economy policy packages. Journal of Cleaner Production, 286, 125493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125493
17. Fouladi, J., AlNouss, A., & Al-Ansari, T. (2021). Sustainable energy-water-food nexus integration and optimisation in eco-industrial parks. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 146, 107229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107229
18. Genc, O., Kurt, A., Yazan, D. M., & Erdis, E. (2020). Circular eco-industrial park design inspired by nature: An integrated non-linear optimization, location, and food web analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 270(May), 110866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110866
19. Giannecchini, P., & Taylor, I. (2018). The eastern industrial zone in Ethiopia: Catalyst for development? Geoforum, 88(November 2016), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.11.003
20. Grafström, J., & Aasma, S. (2021). Breaking circular economy barriers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126002
21. Guo, Y., Tian, J., & Chen, L. (2020). Water-energy nexus in China’s industrial parks. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 153(February 2019), 104551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104551
22. Gupta, H., Kumar, A., & Wasan, P. (2021). Industry 4.0, Cleaner Production and Circular Economy: an integrative framework for evaluating ethical and sustainable business performance of manufacturing organizations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 295, 126253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126253 IASP. The International Association of Science Parks. (2021) https://www.iasp.ws/ retrieved on March 1, 2021.
23. IPCC, 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Ipcc (2014).
24. Hong, H., & Gasparatos, A. (2020). Eco-industrial parks in China: Key institutional aspects, sustainability impacts, and implementation challenges. Journal of Cleaner Production, 274, 122853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122853
25. Hu, W., Guo, Y., Tian, J., & Chen, L. (2020). Energy and water saving potentials in industrial parks by an infrastructure-integrated symbiotic model. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 161(May), 104992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104992
26. Hu, W., Tian, J., & Chen, L. (2020) b. An industrial structure adjustment model to facilitate high-quality development of an eco-industrial park. Science of the Total Environment, 766, 142502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142502
27. Jin, Y., Tang, Z., Zhou, Q., Zeng, H., & Mo, S. (2020). A government value compensation model of waste recycling in an industrial park: A game theory approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 122976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122976
28. Jato-Espino, D., & Ruiz-Puente, C. (2021). Bringing Facilitated Industrial Symbiosis and Game Theory together to strengthen waste exchange in industrial parks. Science of the Total Environment, 771, 145400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145400
29. Kern, F., Sharp, H., & Hachmann, S. (2020). Governing the second deep transition towards a circular economy: How rules emerge, align and diffuse. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 37(September), 171–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2020.08.008
30. Marco-Fondevila, M., Llena-Macarulla, F., Callao-Gastón, S., & Jarne-Jarne, J. I. (2021). Are circular economy policies actually reaching organizations? Evidence from the largest Spanish companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124858
31. MOE (2021). https://www.trade.gov.tr retrieved on March 1st, 2021
32. OSBUK (2021). https://osbuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/12MART2021.pdf retrieved on March 1st, 2021
33. Ozkan, A , Günkaya, Z , Özdemir, A , Banar, M . (2018). Sanayide Temiz Üretim ve Döngüsel Ekonomiye Geçişte Endüstriyel Simbiyoz Yaklaşımı. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology B - Theoretical Sciences , 6 (1) , 84-97 . DOI: 10.20290/aubtdb.332377
34. Sosnovskikh, S. (2017). Industrial clusters in Russia: The development of special economic zones and industrial parks. Russian Journal of Economics, 3(2), 174–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ruje.2017.06.004
35. Stern, N. H., & Great Britain. (2007). The economics of climate change: The Stern review. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
36. UNIDO, 2017. Implementation Handbook for Eco-Industrial Parks. United Nations Industrial Development organization.
37. Yasar, O., (2013) Turkish Studies - International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 8/6, p. 779-805.
38. Walcott, S. M. (2020). Industrial Parks. In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second Edition, Vol. 7). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10084-8
39. WCED. World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
40. Zhao, R., Peng, H., & Jiao, W. (2021). Dynamics of long-term policy implementation of Eco-transformation of industrial parks in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, 124364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124364