Sosyal Kimlik Karmaşıklığı Kuramı: Sosyal Kimliklerimiz Ne Denli Karmaşık?

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 62 - 79, 06.07.2018

Deniz Eniç Özge Yanbolluoğlu

Abstract

Roccas ve Brewer’in (2002) öne sürdüğü ‘Sosyal Kimlik Karmaşıklığı’
kuramı, bireylerin sahip olduğu sosyal kimliklerin ne denli karmaşık olduğunu
ve aidiyet hissedilen bu kimliklerin zihinde ne şekilde temsil edildiğini
açıklama amacıyla oluşturulmuştur. Sosyal Kimlik Karmaşıklığı “örtüşüm” ve
“benzerlik” karmaşıklığı olmak üzere birbiri ile ilişkili iki alt bileşenden
oluşur (Roccas ve Brewer, 2002). Üyesi olunan gruplar arasındaki ilişkinin
niceliksel olarak yorumlanmasına dayanan örtüşüm
karmaşıklığı (overlap complexity), bireyin aidiyet hissettiği farklı
gruplar arasında algıladığı örtüşme oranı şeklinde tanımlanırken; benzerlik karmaşıklığı (similarity
complexity) kişilerin bu grupların ne kadar benzer olduklarına yönelik
değerlendirmesidir. Literatürde, bireylerin sosyal kimlik karmaşıklığı arttıkça
dış gruplara yönelik tolerans düzeylerinin de arttığını gösteren araştırma
bulguları yer almasına rağmen Sosyal Kimlik Karmaşıklığı’yla ilgili henüz
Türkiye’de yapılmış bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu makalede, Türkiye
literatürüne bir ilk adım olarak Sosyal Kimlik Karmaşıklığı Kuramı tanıtılarak
Türkçeleştirilmiş, kavramın öncülleri, ölçüm yöntemi ve alanda yapılan
çalışmaların bulguları değerlendirilmiştir.

 

Keywords

Sosyal Kimlik Karmaşıklığı Kuramı, Gruplar arası ilişkiler, Önyargı, Tolerans

Social Identity Complexity Theory: How Complex are Our Social Identities?

Abstract

The theory of “Social Identity Complexity” put forward by Roccas and
Brewer (2002), was created with a notion that social identities owned by
individuals are highly complex and with an attempt to explain how they
represent these identities that they feel attached to. Social Identity
Complexity consists of two interrelated sub-components called “overlap” and
“similarity” complexity (Roccas and Brewer, 2002). Overlap complexity is based on the quantitative interpretation of
relationships between member groups and identified as the overlap rate of
individuals experienced in different groups they feel attached to, while
similarity complexity is an evaluation made by individuals as to how these
groups are similar to each other. There are research findings that present an
increase in tolerance towards out-groups as social identity complexity of
individuals increases, yet no such study related to Social Identity Complexity
has been found in Turkey. A theory of Social Identity Complexity has been
localized into Turkish and introduced for the first time to the literature of
Turkey; and premises of the concept, methods of measurement and the findings of
the studies conducted in the field have been
evaluated.

Keywords

Social Identity Complexity Theory, Intergroup Relations, Prejudice, Tolerance

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