Women's erasure from Kurdish Literary History

Year 2025, Issue: 19, 59 - 77, 30.03.2025

Farangis Ghaderi

https://doi.org/10.35859/artuklukurdology.1640662

Abstract

Kadınlar Kürt kültürel ve entelektüel tarihinde oldukça marjinalleştirilmiştir. Kürt edebiyatının tarihi neredeyse bir erkek tarihidir ve Kürt kadınlarının Kürt edebiyatının gelişimine katkısı, ancak 1980'lerden itibaren ortaya çıkan yeni bir olgu olarak tartışılmıştır. Kadınların dışlanması, edebi antolojilerde, çevirilerde ve akademik araştırmalarda yeniden üretilmiş ve pekiştirilmiştir. Son on yılda, kadınların eserleri de dahil olmak üzere yeni el yazmalarının ortaya çıkarılması, Kürt kültürel üretiminde kadınların "yokluğu" varsayımını bir ölçüde sorgulasa da, edebiyat tarihinin ve kanonunun ciddi bir şekilde yeniden değerlendirilmesini teşvik etmemiştir. Bu bölümde, Kürt edebiyat tarihinden kadınların silinmesini ve Kürt kadın yazarların karşı karşıya kaldığı dışlayıcı mekanizmaları, devletsizlikten, kültürel ve dilsel baskıdan ataerkilliğe ve Kürt dil çeşitliliğinden, siyasi ve kültürel güçler arasındaki güç dinamiklerine kadar inceliyorum. Irak Kürdistanı'ndaki kamusal ve özel arşivler üzerine yakın zamanda yaptığım araştırma ve kapsamlandırmadan yararlanarak, arşivlerin kadınların seslerini açığa çıkarmada sunduğu fırsatları da tartışıyorum. Erken dönem Kürt süreli yayınları gibi birincil kaynak materyallerinin yeniden incelenmesinin Kürt kadınlarının entelektüel ve edebi üretimi hakkında değerli bilgiler sağladığını ve hatta unutulmuş kadın seslerini geri getirebileceğini tartışıyor ve ortaya koyuyorum. Erken dönem Kürt yayınları, özel arşivler ve sözlü tarih de kadınların kaybolmuş edebi eserlerini canlandırmak için benzersiz olanaklar sunuyor.

Keywords

Edebiyat tarihi, Kürtler, kadın, ötekileştirme, arşiv

Marginalisation of Women in Kurdish Literary History

Abstract

Women are highly marginalized in Kurdish cultural and intellectual history. The history of Kurdish literature is virtually a men’s history, and Kurdish women’s contribution to the development of Kurdish literature has been discussed as a recent phenomenon, emerging only from the 1980s. The exclusion of women has been reproduced and reinforced in literary anthologies, translation, and in academic research. Although uncovering new manuscripts, including women’s works, over the last decade has to some extent challenged the assumption of the “absence” of women in Kurdish cultural production, it has not instigated serious re-evaluation of the literary history and the canon. In this chapter, I examine the erasure of women from Kurdish literary history and exclusionary mechanisms that Kurdish women writers have faced, from statelessness and cultural and linguistic suppression to patriarchy as well as the power dynamic between Kurdish language varieties, political and cultural forces. Drawing on my recent investigation and scoping of public and private archives in Iraqi Kurdistan, I also discuss opportunities that archives offer in uncovering women’s voices. I argue and demonstrate that re-examining primary source materials such as early Kurdish periodicals provide valuable information on Kurdish women’s intellectual and literary production and can even recover forgotten women’s voices. Early Kurdish publications, private archives, and oral history also offer unique possibilities to revive women’s lost literary creations.

Keywords

Literary history, Kurds, women, marginalisation, archive

پەراوێزخستنی ژنان لە مێژووی ئەدەبی کوردیدا

Abstract

ژنان لە مێژووی کلتووری و فیکری کوردیدا پەراوێزخراون. مێژووی ئەدەبی کوردی زیاتر مێژوویێکی پیاوانە و بەشداری ژنانی کورد لە پەرەپێدانی ئەدەبی کوردی وەک دیاردەیەکی نوێ کە لە ساڵانی ١٩٨٠وە دەستی پێکردووە مامەڵەی لەگەڵ کراوە. پەراوێزخستنی ژنان لە ئەنتۆلۆژیا ئەدەبییەکان و وەرگێڕان و توێژینەوە ئەکادیمییەکاندا دووبارە و بەهێزتر کراوەتەوە. سەرەڕای ئەوەی لە دە ساڵی ڕابردوودا چەندین دەستنووسی نوێ دۆزراوەتەوە و لەنێویاندا بەرهەمی ژنانی تێدایە کە ئاڵنگاری "نەبوونی" ژنان لە بەرهەمهێنانی کلتووری کوردیی کردووە، بەڵام هێشتا نەتوانراوە هەڵسەنگاندنێکی جدی نوێ بۆ مێژووی ئەدەبی و پێکهاتە ئەدەبییەکانی بکرێتەوە.
لەم لێکۆڵینەوەدا، پەراوێزخستنی ژنان لە مێژووی ئەدەبی کوردی و میکانیزمەکانی دوورخستنەوەی نووسەرانی ژنی کورد تاوتوێ دەکەم. هەروەها باس لە هۆکارەکان دەکەم و کاریگەری کێشەی بێدەوڵەتی و چەوساندنەوەی کلتووری و زمانی، پیاوسالاری، و هەروەها دینامیکیەتی هێز لە نێوان جۆرەکانی زمانی کوردی و هێزە سیاسی و کلتوورییەکان. هەروەها بە پشتبەستن بە لێکۆڵینەوەکانم لەسەر ئارشیفە گشتییەکان و تایبەتییەکانی باشوری کوردستان، باس لە دەرفەتەکانی دۆزینەوە و ئاشکراکردنی دەنگە وون بووەکانی ژنانی کورد دەکەم. لە رێگەی گەڕان بە ناو بڵاوکراوە ڕۆژنامە و گۆڤارە کۆنەکان زانیاری بەنرخ و گرنگ دەربارەی بەرهەمە فیکری و ئەدەبییەکانی ژنانی کورد ئاشکرا دەبن و تەنانەت دەتوانین دەنگە لەبیرکراوەکان بدۆزینەوە. هەروەها گەڕان لە ناو ئارشیفە تایبەتەکان و مێژووی زارەکی دەرفەتی بێوێنە بۆ زیندووکردنەوەی بەرهەمی ژنانی ئەدیبی وونبووی کورد دروست دەکەن.

Keywords

ژنان, مێژووی ئەدەبی, ئەدەبیاتی کوردی, ئەرشیف

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