Variation in chemical compounds of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves with tree age

Abstract

In this present study, we investigated the chemical compounds in the fresh leaves of ancient walnut trees (Juglans regia L.) aged 25, 75, 100, and over 400 year. Under similar environmental conditions, the fresh leaves of walnut trees were collected and analysed for chlorophyll molecules as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, enzymatic compounds (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities) and non-enzymatic compounds (proline, total soluble protein, total phenolic compounds), flavonoid and reducing sugars (glucose, sucrose, total soluble sugar). In addition, the oxidative stress level was determined by measuring lipid peroxidation (MDA-malondialdehyde) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Significant differences in the chemical composition of the fresh leaves were found between the 4 different tree age classes. In general, the results showed that mean chlorophyll pigments were increased with increasing the age. There was also a general trend that mean glucose and starch concentrations increased with the age, while mean sucrose concentration decreased, but no changes were noted for mean total soluble carbohydrate. On the other hand, mean SOD concentration decreased with increasing the age. Other chemical compounds (mean proline, total soluble protein, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, APX and CAT), however, did not show clear trends with the age. As a result, these pioneer study have provided valuable insight into the variation in the chemical constituents of walnut tree leaves in relation to the age, and it can be used to better understanding, managing and fighting against pathogens of walnut ecosystems in future studies.

Keywords

• Walnut tree,Chemical composition,Fresh leave,Tree age

Adi ceviz (Juglans regia L.) ağacı yapraklarının kimyasal bileşiklerinin ağaç yaşına bağlı değişimi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada ortalama yaşı 25, 75, 100 ve 400 yaş üzeri Adi ceviz (Juglans regia L.) olan ağacı yeşil yapraklarının kimyasal bileşikleri araştırılmıştır. Aynı yetişme ortamındaki, adi ceviz ağaçlarından toplanan yeşil yaprak örneklerinin içerdiği fotosentetik pigmentler (klorofil a, klorofil b ve karotenoit, askorbat peroksidaz (APX), katalaz (CAT), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) enzim aktiviteleri, prolin, toplam çözünür protein, toplam fenolik bileşikleri, flavonoid gibi enzimatik olmayan bileşikleri ve indirgenmiş şekerlerden, glikoz ve sukroz miktarı ile toplam çözünür şeker miktarları belirlenmiştir. Ek olarak, yeşil yapraklar oksidatif stres seviyesi ile lipit peroksidasyonu (malondialdehit-MDA) ve hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) konsantrasyonları için analiz edilmiştir. Bu kimyasal bileşiklerden bazıları, ağaç yaşına bağlı olarak istatistiksel farklılıklar göstermiştir. Genel olarak, fotosentetik pigmentler, ağaç yaşı arttıkça artış göstermiştir. Glikoz ve nişasta miktarı ağaç yaşı ile artma eğilimi gösterirken, sukroz miktarı azalmış, fakat toplam çözünür karbohidrat içeriği ağaçlar arasında önemli bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Bunun yanında, SOD aktivitesi yaş arttıkça azalmıştır. Çalışmada incelenen diğer kimyasal bileşiklerle (prolin, toplam çözünür protein, MDA, H2O2, APX ve CAT) ağaç yaşı arasında belirgin bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, öncü niteliğindeki bu bulgular, ceviz ağacı yapraklarının yaşa bağlı olarak kimyasal yapılarındaki değişimi hakkında önemli bilgiler sağlamış olup, ceviz ekosistemlerinin daha iyi anlaşılması, yönetimi ve zararlarına karşı uygulanacak mücadele yöntemlerine karar vermede gelecekteki çalışmalarda kullanılabilecektir.

Keywords

• Ceviz ağacı,kimyasal bileşikler,yeşil yapraklar,ağaç yaşı

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