Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Hedera helix L. Growing Around the Quarry in Rize

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 569 - 579, 15.10.2025

Şule Güzel İzmirli

https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.1724782

Abstract

In this study, the effects of quarry activities on the heavy metal content of Hedera helix L. plant were investigated. Chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co) concentrations in the leaves of H. helix L. taken from active and passive quarries and the control area were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Plant samples collected from active quarry areas exhibited the highest heavy metal concentrations. Unwashed leaves accumulated greater amounts of heavy metals than washed leaves. The levels of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Mn were found to exceed critical and toxic thresholds, indicating significant environmental contamination. According to Pearson correlation analysis, a significant positive and high-level relationship was found between all elements. This study predicted that quarry activities in the study area may harm the ecosystem around the site, and this situation should be checked on time before it turns into an environmental problem.

Keywords

Heavy metal , Hedera helix L. , Rize , Quarry , Türkiye

Rize’deki Taş Ocağı Çevresinde Yetişen Hedera helix L.’de Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, taş ocağı faaliyetlerinin Hedera helix L. bitkisinin ağır metal içeriği üzerindeki etkisi araştırıldı. Aktif ve pasif taş ocakları ile kontrol alanından alınan H. helix yapraklarında krom (Cr), demir (Fe), nikel (Ni), bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn), arsenik (As), kurşun (Pb), kadmiyum (Cd), mangan (Mn) ve kobalt (Co) konsantrasyonları indüktif eşleşmiş plazma-kütle spektrometresi (ICP-MS) ile analiz edildi. En yüksek ağır metal konsantrasyonları aktif taş ocakları alanından alınan bitki örneklerinde bulundu. Yıkanmamış yaprakların, yıkanmış yapraklara oranla daha yüksek miktarda ağır metal biriktirdiği görüldü. Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd ve Mn içeriklerinin kritik ve toksik değerleri aştığı tespit edildi. Pearson korelasyon analizine göre tüm elementler arasında pozitif yönde ve yüksek seviyede istatistiksel olarak önemli ilişki bulundu. Bu çalışma ile çalışma sahasındaki taş ocağı faaliyetlerinin sahanın etrafındaki ekosistem üzerinde olumsuz etkilerinin olabileceği ve bu durumun çevresel bir soruna dönüşmeden önce zamanında kontrol edilmesi gerektiği ön görüsüne varıldı.

Keywords

Ağır metal , Taş ocağı , Hedera helix L. , Rize , Türkiye

Thanks

Bitkilerin teşhisindeki katkılarından dolayı Prof. Dr. Serdar MAKBUL’a teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

References

• Aksoy A, Osma E, Serin M, Leblebici Z (2012) İstanbul’da bazı sebzeler ve topraklarda ağır metal birikimi. Ekoloji Dergisi, 21:1-8.
• Alloway BJ (2013) Heavy Metals in Soils: Trace Metals and Metalloids in Soils and their Bioavailability. Springer.
• Al-Snafi AE (2018) Pharmacological and therapeutic activities of Hedera helix a review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 8(5):41-53.
• Ataabadi M, Hoodaji M, Najafi P (2012) Assessment of washing procedure for determination some of airborne metal concentrations. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(19):4391-4395. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.2781
• Ayodele OJ, Shittu OS, Balogun T (2014) Heavy metal pollution assessment of granite quarrying operations at Ikole-Ekiti Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2(6):333-339. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140206.16
• Castanheiro A, Samson R, De Wael K (2016) Magnetic and particle based techniques to investigate metal deposition on urban green. Science of the Total Environment, 571:594-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.026
• Cohen J (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd Edn. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Hillsdale, NJ.
• Dabanovic V, Soskic M, Durovic D, Mugosa B (2016) Investigation of heavy metals content in selected tea brands marketed in Podgorica Montenegro. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(12):4798-4704. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(12).4798-04
• Donald AN, Raphael PB, Olumide OJ, Amarachukwu OF (2022) The synopsis of environmental heavy metal pollution. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 18:125-134. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2022.125.134
• Ehis-Eriakha CB, Akemu SE (2022) Impact of heavy metal pollution on the biotic and abiotic components of the environment. South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology, 13(3):38-54. https://doi.org/10.9734/SAJRM/2022/v13i330302
• Eisler R (2004) Arsenic hazards to humans, plants, and animals from gold mining. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 180:133-165. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21729-0_3
• Emerson RW (2019) Eta-squared effect size in ANOVA tests. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 113(4):396-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X19868350
• ESRI (2020) ArcMap 10.8 [Computer software]. Environmental Systems Research Institute. https://desktop.arcgis.com
• European Environment Agency (2018). CORINE Land Cover (CLC) 2018, Version 2020_20u1 [Data set]. Copernicus Land Monitoring Service. https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover
• Giller KE, Witter E, McGrath SP (1998) Toxicity of heavy metals to microorganisms and microbial processes in agricultural soils: a review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 30(10-11):1389-1414. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00270-8
• Güzel İzmirli Ş (2025a) Farklı bitki türlerinin ağır metal içerikleri üzerine taş ocaklarının etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2):432-450. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1607018
• Güzel İzmirli Ş (2025b) Taş ocağı faaliyetlerinin Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (kartal eğrelti otu)’un ağır metal içeriği üzerine etkisi. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 10(5):638-646. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1723228
• Hasan Z, Anwar Z, Khattak KU, Islam M, Khan RU, Khattak JZK (2012) Civic pollution and its effect on water quality of river Toi at district Kohat NWFP. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 4(3):334-339.
• Ifeoma EL, Awotoye Olusegun O, Ogbonna Princewill C (2014) Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soil and plant in a quarry site in Southwestern Nigeria. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 4(8):1-6.
• Iqbal H, Khattak B, Ayaz S, Rehman A, Ishfaq M, Abbas MN, Malik MS, Wahap A, Imran A, Mehsud S (2013) Pollution based study of heavy metals in medicinal plants Aloe vera and Tamarix aphylla. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(4):054-058. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2013.3409
• Jaishankar M, Mathew BB, Shah MS, Gowda KRS (2014). Biosorption of few heavy metal ions using agricultural wastes. Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health, 2(1):1-6.
• Kırış E (2020) Health risk assessment of trace elements in medicinal plants consumed as medicine and food in Rize Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 29:5259-5270.
• Kumar V, Sharma A, Dhunna G, Chawla A, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK (2017) A tabulated review on distribution of heavy metals in various plants. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(3):2210-2260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7747-1
• Liao X, Fu Y, He Y, Yang Y (2014) Occurrence of arsenic in fruit mango plant (Mangifera indica L.) and its relationship to soil properties. Catena, 113:213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.07.011
• Lubal MJ (2024) Impact of heavy metal pollution on the environment. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 45(11):97-105. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i114074
• McAllister HA, Marshall RH (2017) Hedera the Complete Guide. The Royal Horticultural Society, London, UK, pp 401.
• Metcalfe DJ (2005) Hedera helix L.. Journal of Ecology, 93(3):632-648.
• Mustapha B, Kubmarawa D, Shagal MH, Hayatudeen A (2016) Heavy metal profiles of medicinal plants found within the vicinity of quarry site in Demsa Adamawa State Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 13(1):1-6.
• Nagajyoti P, Lee K, Sreekanth T (2010) Heavy metals occurrence and toxicity for plants a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 8(3):199-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8
• Nazir R, Khan M, Masab M, Rehman HU, Rauf NU, Shahab S, Ameer N, Sajed M, Ullah M, Rafeeq M, Shaheen Z (2015) Accumulation of heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Fe) in the soil, water and plants and analysis of physico-chemical parameters of soil and water collected from Tanda Dam Kohat. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(3):89-97.
• Nesterkov AV (2019) Surface pollution of meadow plants during the period of reduction of atmospheric emissions from a copper smelter. Russian Journal of Ecology, 50(4): 408-412. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106741361904012X
• Ogbonna PC, Emea R, Teixeira da Silva JA (2011) Heavy metal concentration in soil and woody plants in a quarry. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 93(5):895-903. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2011.564361
• Ogbonna CE, Nwafor FI, Ogbonnaya OO (2020) Dust accumulation heavy metal content and stomata morphology of some medicinal plants at rock quarrying locations at Lokpaukwu, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 10(12):540-549. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1230331
• Ogunmade TB, Adeyemi OO, Osobamiro TM, Olubusoye BS, Alabi OJ (2023) Assessment of the level of heavy metals in ecosystem around quarry site in Ogun State, Nigeria. PREPRINT Version 1 Available at Research Square.
• Oğuz Hİ, Bağdatlı M, Erdoğan O, Karatepe A, Karipçin F (2016) Sulama suyu kaynakları ve çerezlik kabak (Cucurbita pepo L.)’ta arsenik kontaminasyonunun belirlenmesi: Nevşehir ilinde örnek bir uygulama. Derim, 33(1):109-118. https://doi.org/10.16882/derim.2016.49349
• Onete M, Paucă-Comănescu M (2008) Heavy Metal Content Assessment in Plants. In: Onete M (Ed) Species monitoring in the Central Parks of Bucharest, Ars Docendi University of Bucharest, pp 26-53.
• Rabiu M (2022) A phyto analysis of heavy metal pollution in abandoned quarry in Mpape, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Sciences and Renewable Energy, 3(1):12-23.
• Rahman MM, Asaduzzaman M, Naidu R (2013) Consumption of arsenic and other elements from vegetables and drinking water from an arsenic-contaminated area of Bangladesh. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 262:1056-1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.045
• Saran A, Mendez MJ, Much DG, Imperato V, Thijs S, Vangronsveld J, Merini LJ (2024) Quantification of airborne particulate matter and trace element deposition on Hedera helix and Senecio cineraria leaves. Plants, 13(17):2519. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172519
• Shah A, Niaz A, Ullah N, Rehman A, Akhlaq M, Zakir M, Suleman Khan M (2013) Comparative study of heavy metals in soil and selected medicinal plants. Journal of Chemistry, 621265:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/621265
• Shen Z, Chen Y, Xu D, Li L, Zhu Y (2020) Interactions between heavy metals and other mineral elements from soil to medicinal plant Fengdan (Paeonia ostii) in a copper mining area, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27:33743-33752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09358-z
• Srivastava H, Saini P, Singh A, Yadav S (2024) Heavy Metal Pollution and Biosorption, In: Saini P (Ed) Biosorption Processes for Heavy Metal Removal, IGI Global Scientific Publishing, pp 1-38.
• Strelau M, Clements DR, Benner J, Prasad R (2018) The biology of Canadian weeds: 157. Hedera helix L. and Hedera hibernica (G. Kirchn.) Bean. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 98(5): 1005-1022. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0009
• ur Rehman K, Hamayun M, Khan SA, Iqbal A, Hussain A (2019) Heavy metal analysis of locally available anticancer medicinal plants. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 16(1):105-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2727
• White R, LeTard LA (2002) Investigating environmental pollution through dendrochemical analysis. OSCAR Journal, 9.
• WHO (1999) Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants. World Health Organization. Vol 1, WHO Geneva.
• WHO (2001) Environmental Health Criteria 224 Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds. World Health Organization Geneva.
• Yalçın F (2021) Data analysis of heavy metals in Akkaya Lake reservoir soils using multivariate statistical analysis. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 9(1):249-257. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i1.249-257.4040
• Yaşar Ü (2009) Cercis siliquastrum L. subsp. siliquastrum (Fabaceae)’un ağır metal kirliliğinde biomonitor olarak kullanımı. Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Yu KC, Tsai LJ, Chen SH, Chang DJ, Ho ST (2001) Multivariate correlations of geochemical binding phases of heavy metals in contaminated river sediment. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 36(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-100000467