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THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL IN THE FIGHT AGAINST INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM OF DEFINING TERRORISM

Year 2022, , 581 - 634, 31.12.2022

Selcen Nur Kışla

https://doi.org/10.47136/asbuhfd.1165754

Abstract

Although the existence of terrorism dates back to the past, it was really brought to the agenda of the international community and the United Nations with September 11 attacks. After these events, the United Nations has recognized all forms of international terrorism as a threat to international peace and security. Therefore, the place of the United Nations Security Council, which is the primary authorized body in ensuring international peace and security, has a special importance in this regard. For this purpose, the role of the United Nations Security Council in the fight against international terrorism has been chosen as the subject of study in this article. However, the United Nations bodies avoid defining the concept of terrorism. It leaves this definition to the member states. The member states of the United Nations, on the other hand, cannot show a common approach against terrorism. Therefore, the definition problem is an important obstacle in ensuring the effectiveness of the decisions regarding the fight against terrorism. In this context, the article primarily examines the definition of terrorism and the United Nations' general approach to terrorism. Afterwards, the role of the United Nations Security Council in the fight against terrorism is examined in the context of the resolutions and committees in the center of the definition problem.

Keywords

The United Nations The Security Council Terrorism The Problem of Defining Terrorism The 1267 Committee The 1373 Committee The 1540 Committee

References

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  • Aksar, Yusuf. Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk-I. Ankara, Seçkin, 2017.
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  • Ayhan, Halis. “Terör Kavramı, Güvenlik Konseyi ve Genel Kurul Özelinde Birleşmiş Milletler’in 2001 Sonrası Terör Yaklaşımı.” Güvenlik Stratejileri, 11/21(2015): 117-147.
  • Başeren, Sertaç Hami. “İnsan Hakları ve Terörizm,” İç. İnsan Hakları ve Güvenlik. 195-224. Türkiye Barolar Birliği İnsan Hakları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayını No: 1. (2001).
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  • Öktem, Emre. “Uluslararası Hukukta Terörizm Tanım Sorunu ve Milli Bağımsızlık Hareketleri.” İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Dergisi, 3/5 (2004): 133-147.
  • Perera, Amrith Rohan. “The draft United Nations Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism.” İç. Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism, Editör Ben Saul. 120-128. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.
  • Polat, Doğan Şafak. Uluslararası Terörizmle Mücadelede Birleşmiş Milletler’in İşlevi, Yeteneği ve Sınırları, Ankara: Nobel, 2020.
  • Rosand, Eric. “Resolution 1373 and the CTC: The Security Council’s capacity building.” İç. International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism: the United Nations and regional organizations in the fight against terrorism. Editör Giuseppe Nesi. 81-88. Ashgate, 2006.
  • Santori, Valeria. “The UN Security Council’s (Broad) Interpretation of the Notion of the Threat to Peace in Counter-terrorism.” İç. International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism: the United Nations and regional organizations in the fight against terrorism. Editör Giuseppe Nesi. 89-111. Ashgate, 2006.
  • Saraçlı, Murat. "Uluslararası Hukukta Terörizm." Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 11/1 (2007): 1049-1078.
  • Saul, Ben. “Definition of ‘‘Terrorism’’ in the UN Security Council: 1985–2004,” Chinese Journal of International Law, 4/1 (2005): 141–166.
  • Stromseth, Jane E. “The Security Council’s Counter-Terrorism Role: Continuity and Innovation.” Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 97 (2003): 41–45.
  • Talmon, Stefan. “The Security Council as World Legislature,” The American Journal of International Law, 99/ 1 (Jan., 2005): 175-193.
  • Taşdemir, Fatma. Uluslararası Terörizme Karşı Devletlerin Kuvvete Başvurma Yetkisi. Ankara, USAK, 2006.
  • Topal, Ahmet Hamdi. Uluslararası Terörizm Ve Terörist Eylemlere Karşı Kuvvet Kullanımı. Beta, 2005.
  • Ulusoy, Halatçı Ülkü. Terörizmin Finansmanının Önlenmesi Kapsamında Birleşmiş Milletler Akıllı Yaptırımları. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi, 2014.
  • Ward, Curtis. “Building Capacity to Combat International Terrorism: The Role of The United Nations Security Council.” Journal Of Conflict & Security Law, 8/2 (2003): 289–305.
  • Young, Reuven. “Defining Terrorism: The Evolution of Terrorism as a Legal Concept in International Law And its Influence on Definitions in Domestic Legislation.” Boston College International & Comparative Law Review, 29/26 (2006): 22-106.
  • Zaid, Mark S. “Combatting International Terrorism into The 21st Century.” ILSA Journal of Int'l & Comparative Law, 2 (1996): 661-669.
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TERÖRİZMİN TANIMLANMASI SORUNU BAĞLAMINDA BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ’NİN ULUSLARARASI TERÖRİZME KARŞI MÜCADELEDEKİ ROLÜ

Year 2022, , 581 - 634, 31.12.2022

Selcen Nur Kışla

https://doi.org/10.47136/asbuhfd.1165754

Abstract

Terörizmin varlığı eskiye dayanmakla birlikte uluslararası toplumun ve Birleşmiş Milletler’in gündemine gerçekten taşınması 11 Eylül saldırıları ile olmuştur. Bu olaylardan sonra Birleşmiş Milletler, uluslararası terörizmin her türünü uluslararası barış ve güvenliğe tehdit olarak kabul etmiştir. Dolayısıyla, uluslararası barış ve güvenliğin sağlanmasında birincil yetkili organ olan Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi'nin yeri bu konuda ayrı bir önem taşır. Bu maksatla makalede, Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi’nin uluslararası terörizm ile mücadeledeki rolü çalışma konusu olarak seçilmiştir. Ancak, Birleşmiş Milletler organları, terörizm kavramını tanımlamaktan imtina etmektedir. Bu tanımlamayı üye olan devletlere bırakmaktadır. Birleşmiş Milletler üyesi devletler ise terörizme karşı ortak bir yaklaşım sergileyememektedir. Dolayısıyla, terörizm ile mücadeleye ilişkin kararların etkinliğinin sağlanmasının önünde, terörizmin tanımlanması sorunu önemli bir engel teşkil etmektedir. Bu kapsamda makalede öncelikle, terörizmin tanımlanması sorunu ve Birleşmiş Milletler’in terörizme ilişkin genel yaklaşımı incelenmiştir. Daha sonrasında ise Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi’nin terörizm ile mücadeledeki rolü, kararlar ve komiteler bağlamında tanım sorunu merkezinde incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi Terörizm Terörizmin Tanımlanması Sorunu 1267 Komitesi 1373 Komitesi 1540 Komitesi

References

  • Abubaker, Sarkan Salman. “Terörizm: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve.” Uluslararası Beşeri ve Sosyal Bilimler İnceleme Dergisi, 5/1 (2021): 35–58.
  • Aksar, Yusuf. Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk-I. Ankara, Seçkin, 2017.
  • Ambos, Kai ve Anina Timmermann. “Terrorism and customary international law.” İç. Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism, Editör Ben Saul. 16-30. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.
  • Ayhan, Halis. “Terör Kavramı, Güvenlik Konseyi ve Genel Kurul Özelinde Birleşmiş Milletler’in 2001 Sonrası Terör Yaklaşımı.” Güvenlik Stratejileri, 11/21(2015): 117-147.
  • Başeren, Sertaç Hami. “İnsan Hakları ve Terörizm,” İç. İnsan Hakları ve Güvenlik. 195-224. Türkiye Barolar Birliği İnsan Hakları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayını No: 1. (2001).
  • Bekele, Henok Kebede. "Problem of Defining Terrorism under International Law: Definition by the Appeal Chamber of Special Tribunal for Lebanon as a Solution to the Problem." Beijing Law Review. 12/ 2 (June 2021): 619-630.
  • Boulden, Jane. “The United Nations General Assembly and Terrorism,” İç. Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism, Editör Ben Saul. 493-505. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.
  • Bozkurt, Enver ve Selim Kanat. Uluslararası Toplumun Paradoksu: Terörizm, İnsan Hakları, Güvenlik ve 11 Eylül Sonrası Meydana Gelen Değişiklikler. Ankara, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, 2007.
  • Caşın, Mesut Hakkı. Uluslararası Terörizm. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 2008.
  • Chimimba, Trevor P. “United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001) as a Tool for Criminal Law Enforcement.” İç. The Pursuit of a Brave New World in International Law: Essays in Honour of John Dugard. Editör Tiyanjana Maluwa, Max du Plessis ve Dire Tladi. 361-394. Brill, 2017.
  • Çağıran, Mehmet Emin “Terörizm ve Uluslararası Hukuk.” İç. Terörizm. Editör Haydar Çakmak. 41-72. Ankara: Platin, 2008.
  • De Boer, Tom. “United Nations Security Council Anti-Terrorism Resolutions: Ramifications for the Rule of Law.” University College Dublin Law Review, 11(2011): 35-52.
  • De La Rosa, Victoria Martín ve Elena Domínguez Romero. “Epistemic and non-epistemic modals: The key to interpreting the spirit of counter-terrorism United Nations Security Council resolutions.” Journal of Pragmatics, 180/1 (2021): 89-101.
  • Demirci, Sedat. “Terörizme Karşı Mücadele Modelleri.” Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2/2(2011): 193-212.
  • Di Filippo, Marcello. “The definition(s) of terrorism in international law.” İç. Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism, Editör Ben Saul. 2-15. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.
  • Fassbender, Bardo. “The UN Security Council and International Terrorism.” İç. Enforcing International Law Norms Against Terrorism. Editör Andrea Bianchi. 83-102. Oxford and Portland Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2004.
  • Ginsborg, Lisa. “The United Nations Security Council’s counter-terrorism ISIL (Da’esh) and Al-Qaida sanctions regime.” İç. Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism, Editör Ben Saul. 550-563. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.
  • Gross, Oren ve Fionnuala Ni Aolain. Law in Times Crisis: Emergency Powers in Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  • Hinojosa-Martínez, Luis Miguel. “Security Council Resolution 1373: the cumbersome implementation of legislative acts.” İç. Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism, Editör Ben Saul. 564-588. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.
  • Hodgson, Jacqueline S. ve Victor Tadros. "The Impossibility of Defining Terrorism." New Criminal Law Review, 16/3 (Summer 2013): 494-526.
  • Kaşıkçı Tamer. “Küresel Terörizm ve Birleşmiş Milletler Sistemi.” The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, 47 (2016): 1-22.
  • Kayalar, Derin. “The Role and Impact of the United Nations in Confronting International Terrorism in the Aftermath of September 11: Prospects and Challenges in the Fight Against Global Jihadism.” (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). ODTÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2009.
  • Margariti, Stella. "Defining International Terrorism to Protect Human Rights in the Context of Counter-Terrorism." Security and Human Rights, 29 (2018): 173-198.
  • Öktem, Emre. “Uluslararası Hukukta Terörizm Tanım Sorunu ve Milli Bağımsızlık Hareketleri.” İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Dergisi, 3/5 (2004): 133-147.
  • Perera, Amrith Rohan. “The draft United Nations Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism.” İç. Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism, Editör Ben Saul. 120-128. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.
  • Polat, Doğan Şafak. Uluslararası Terörizmle Mücadelede Birleşmiş Milletler’in İşlevi, Yeteneği ve Sınırları, Ankara: Nobel, 2020.
  • Rosand, Eric. “Resolution 1373 and the CTC: The Security Council’s capacity building.” İç. International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism: the United Nations and regional organizations in the fight against terrorism. Editör Giuseppe Nesi. 81-88. Ashgate, 2006.
  • Santori, Valeria. “The UN Security Council’s (Broad) Interpretation of the Notion of the Threat to Peace in Counter-terrorism.” İç. International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism: the United Nations and regional organizations in the fight against terrorism. Editör Giuseppe Nesi. 89-111. Ashgate, 2006.
  • Saraçlı, Murat. "Uluslararası Hukukta Terörizm." Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 11/1 (2007): 1049-1078.
  • Saul, Ben. “Definition of ‘‘Terrorism’’ in the UN Security Council: 1985–2004,” Chinese Journal of International Law, 4/1 (2005): 141–166.
  • Stromseth, Jane E. “The Security Council’s Counter-Terrorism Role: Continuity and Innovation.” Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 97 (2003): 41–45.
  • Talmon, Stefan. “The Security Council as World Legislature,” The American Journal of International Law, 99/ 1 (Jan., 2005): 175-193.
  • Taşdemir, Fatma. Uluslararası Terörizme Karşı Devletlerin Kuvvete Başvurma Yetkisi. Ankara, USAK, 2006.
  • Topal, Ahmet Hamdi. Uluslararası Terörizm Ve Terörist Eylemlere Karşı Kuvvet Kullanımı. Beta, 2005.
  • Ulusoy, Halatçı Ülkü. Terörizmin Finansmanının Önlenmesi Kapsamında Birleşmiş Milletler Akıllı Yaptırımları. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi, 2014.
  • Ward, Curtis. “Building Capacity to Combat International Terrorism: The Role of The United Nations Security Council.” Journal Of Conflict & Security Law, 8/2 (2003): 289–305.
  • Young, Reuven. “Defining Terrorism: The Evolution of Terrorism as a Legal Concept in International Law And its Influence on Definitions in Domestic Legislation.” Boston College International & Comparative Law Review, 29/26 (2006): 22-106.
  • Zaid, Mark S. “Combatting International Terrorism into The 21st Century.” ILSA Journal of Int'l & Comparative Law, 2 (1996): 661-669.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Şartı, 26 Haziran 1945 (Charter of the United Nations, 26 June 1945, 1 UNTS 16). Şartın Türkçe metni için bkz. Erişim Tarihi: 2022, 7 Temmuz. https://inhak.adalet.gov.tr/Resimler/SayfaDokuman/2212020141836bm_01.pdf.
  • Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism (16.11.1937). Erişim Tarihi: 2022, 7 Temmuz. https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcwdl.wdl_11579/?st=gallery.
  • Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of United Nations, UN Doc. A/RES/2625(XXV) (24 October 1970).
  • Draft comprehensive convention on international terrorism: Working document submitted by India, UN Doc. A/C.6/55/1 (28 August 2000).
  • Draft comprehensive convention against international terrorism: Consolidated text prepared by the coordinator for discussion, UN Doc. A/59/894 (12 August 2005).
  • Interlocutory Decision on the Applicable Law: Terrorism, Conspiracy, Homicide, Perpetration, Cumulative Charging, STL-11-01/1, Special Tribunal for Lebanon, 16 February 2011. Erişim Tarihi: 2022, 12 Ağustos. https://www.refworld.org/cases,STL,4d6280162.html.
  • International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, 9 December 1999, 2178 UNTS 197. Sözleşmenin Türkçe metni için bkz. Erişim Tarihi: 2022, 7 Temmuz. https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k4738.html.
  • Measures to eliminate international terrorism, UN Doc. A/RES/49/60 (9 December 1994).
  • Oral Report by the Chair of the Working Group on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism, UN Doc A/C.6/72/SR.28 (17 November 2017).
  • Report of the Secretary- General, Activities of the United Nations system in implementing the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, A/72/840 (20 April 2018).
  • SC Pres Stat (22 November 1989), S/20988.
  • The United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, UN Doc. A/RES/60/288 (20 September 2006).
  • UN Doc. A/RES/2105(XX) (20 December 1965).
  • UN Doc. A/RES/3034(XXVII) (18 December 1972).
  • UN Doc. S/RES/618 (1988).
  • UN Doc. S/RES/635 (1989).
  • UN Doc. S/RES/638 (1989).
  • UN Doc. S/RES/748 (1992).
  • UN Doc. A/C.6/51/6 (11 November 1996).
  • UN Doc. A/RES/51/210 (17 December 1996).
  • UN Doc. S/RES/1189 (1998).
  • UN Doc. S/RES/1267(1999).
  • UN Doc. S/RES/1269 (1999).
  • UN Doc A/RES/54/110 (2 February 2000).
  • UN Doc. S/RES/1368 (2001).
  • UN Doc. S/RES/1373 (28 September 2001).
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There are 94 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Selcen Nur Kışla 0000-0002-5659-0789

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date August 23, 2022
Acceptance Date October 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

Chicago Kışla, Selcen Nur. “TERÖRİZMİN TANIMLANMASI SORUNU BAĞLAMINDA BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ’NİN ULUSLARARASI TERÖRİZME KARŞI MÜCADELEDEKİ ROLÜ”. Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 4, no. 2 (December 2022): 581-634. https://doi.org/10.47136/asbuhfd.1165754.

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