Omega-3 Yağ Asitlerinin Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 16, 01.02.2022

Hatice Çimen , Yasemin Ertaş Öztürk

Abstract

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde hızlı bir şekilde artış gösteren başlıca ölüm nedenlerinden biridir ve ayrıca kalbi ve kan damarlarını etkileyen bir hastalık türüdür. Kan damarları daraldığında veya tıkandığında, kalp krizi ve kalp yetmezliği ortaya çıkabilir. 1940'lardan beri, omega-3 yağ asitlerinin kardiyovasküler hastalıklar üzerine faydaları olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Grönland Inuitlerinin, Finlandiya'daki genel popülasyona göre aterosklerotik kalp hastalığının yaklaşık üçte birine sahip olduğunun keşfedilmesiyle birlikte, omega-3 yağ asitleri önem kazanmıştır. Omega-3 PUFA'ların kardiyovasküler hastalıklarda koruyucu etkileri için önerilen mekanizmalar arasında; antiaritmik etkiler, otonomik fonksiyonda iyileşmeler, azalmış trombosit agregasyonu, azalan kan basıncı, endotel fonksiyonunda iyileşmeler, plak stabilizasyonu ve azalmış ateroskleroz yer alır. Bu nedenle, bu derlemenin amacı; omega-3 yağ asitlerinin kardiyovasküler hastalıklar üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir.

Supporting Institution

ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death that is rapidly increasing in developing countries, and is also a disease that affects the heart and blood vessels. When blood vessels become narrowed or blocked, heart attack and heart failure can occur. Since the 1940s, omega-3 fatty acids have been suggested to have benefits on cardiovascular disease. With the discovery that Greenland Inuit have about a third of atherosclerotic heart disease relative to the general population in Finland, omega-3 fatty acids have gained importance. Among the mechanisms suggested for the protective effects of omega-3 PUFAs in cardiovascular diseases; antiarrhythmic effects, improvements in autonomic function, decreased platelet aggregation, decreased blood pressure, improvements in endothelial function, plaque stabilization, and decreased atherosclerosis. Therefore, the purpose of this review is; To examine the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords

omega-3, cardiovasküler, heart diseases

References

• Referans1 Arca, M., Borghi, C., Pontremoli, R., De Ferrari, G. M., Colivicchi, F., Desideri, G. ve Temporelli, P. L. (2018). Hypertriglyceridemia and omega-3 fatty acids: Their often overlooked role in cardiovascular disease prevention. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 28(3), 197–205. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2017.11.001.
• Referans2 Aung, T., Halsey, J., Kromhout, D., Gerstein, H. C., Marchioli, R., Tavazzi, L., … Clarke, R. (2018). Associations of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplement Use With Cardiovascular Disease Risks. JAMA Cardiology, 3(3), 225. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2017.5205.
• Referans3 Awoyemi, A., Trøseid, M., Arnesen, H., Solheim, S. ve Seljeflot, I. (2019). Effects of dietary intervention and n-3 PUFA supplementation on markers of gut-related inflammation and their association with cardiovascular events in a high-risk population. Atherosclerosis, 286(April), 53–59. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.004.
• Referans4 Backes, J., Anzalone, D., Hilleman, D. ve Catini, J. (2016). The clinical relevance of omega-3 fatty acids in the management of hypertriglyceridemia. Lipids in Health and Disease, 15(1), 1–12. doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0286-4.
• Referans5 Balk, E. M. ve Lichtenstein, A. H. (2017). Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: Summary of the 2016 agency of healthcare research and quality evidence review. Nutrients, 9(8). doi:10.3390/nu9080865.
• Referans6 Bird, J. K., Calder, P. C. ve Eggersdorfer, M. (2018). The role of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular disease prevention, and interactions with statins. Nutrients, 10(6). doi:10.3390/nu10060775.
• Referans7 Bowen, K. J., Harris, W. S. ve Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2016). Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Are There Benefits? Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine, 18, 69. doi:10.1007/s11936-016-0487-1.
• Referans8 Budoff, M. (2016). Triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the causal pathway of cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Cardiology, 118(1), 138–145. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.04.004.
• Referans9 Chen, C., Yu, X. ve Shao, S. (2015). Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on glucose control and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1–14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139565.
• Referans10 Chiesa, G., Busnelli, M., Manzini, S. ve Parolini, C. (2016). Nutraceuticals and bioactive components from fish for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk reduction. Marine Drugs, 14(6), 1–15. doi:10.3390/md14060113.
• Referans11 Cholewski, M., Tomczykowa, M. ve Tomczyk, M. (2018). A comprehensive review of chemistry, sources and bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids. Nutrients (C. 10). doi:10.3390/nu10111662.
• Referans12 Desnoyers, M., Gilbert, K. ve Rousseau, G. (2018). Cardioprotective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Dichotomy between experimental and clinical studies. Marine Drugs, 16(7). doi:10.3390/md16070234.
• Referans13 Dinicolantonio, J. J., Liu, J. ve O’Keefe, J. H. (2018). Magnesium for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Open Heart, 5(2). doi:10.1136/openhrt-2018-000775.
• Referans14 Fialkow, J. (2016). Omega-3 fatty acid formulations in cardiovascular disease: Dietary supplements are not substitutes for prescription products. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs, 16(4), 229–239. doi:10.1007/s40256-016-0170-7.
• Referans15 Hu, Y., Hu, F. B. ve Manson, J. A. E. (2019). Marine Omega-3 Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 13 Randomized Controlled Trials Involving 127 477 Participants. Journal of the American Heart Association, 8(19). doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.013543.
• Referans16 Innes, J. K. ve Calder, P. C. (2020). Marine omega-3 (N-3) fatty acids for cardiovascular health: An update for 2020. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(4), 1–21. doi:10.3390/ijms21041362.
• Referans17 John M. (2017). Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Research for Adults. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537475/ adresinden erişildi.
• Referans18 Korsager Larsen, M. ve Matchkov, V. V. (2016). Hypertension and physical exercise: The role of oxidative stress. Medicina (Lithuania), 52(1), 19–27. doi:10.1016/j.medici.2016.01.005.
• Referans19 Krantz, M. J., Havranek, E. P., Pereira, R. I., Beaty, B., Mehler, P. S. ve Long, C. S. (2015). Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension: A randomized pilot study. Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine, 14(1), 12–17. doi:10.1186/s12952-015-0040-x.
• Referans20 Maki, K. C. ve Dicklin, M. R. (2018). Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk: Glass half full or time to nail the coffin shut? Nutrients, 10(7), 1–12. doi:10.3390/nu10070864.
• Referans21 Manuelli, M., Della Guardia, L. ve Cena, H. (2017). Enriching diet with n-3 PUFAs to help prevent cardiovascular diseases in healthy adults: Results from clinical trials. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(7). doi:10.3390/ijms18071552.
• Referans22 Mason, R. P., Libby, P. ve Bhatt, D. L. (2020). Emerging Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Protection for the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, (May), 1135–1147. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.313286.
• Referans23 Minihane, A. M., Armah, C. K., Miles, E. A., Madden, J. M., Clark, A. B., Caslake, M. J., … Calder, P. C. (2016). Consumption of fish oil providing amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid that can be obtained from the diet reduces blood pressure in adults with systolic hypertension: A retrospective analysis. Journal of Nutrition, 146(3), 516–523. doi:10.3945/jn.115.220475.
• Referans24 Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., Watts, G. F., O’Neal, D. N., Best, J. D. ve Beilin, L. J. (2000). Purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids have differential effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins, LDL particle size, glucose, and insulin in mildly hypedipidemic men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(5), 1085–1094. doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1085.
• Referans25 Natto, Z. S., Yaghmoor, W., Alshaeri, H. K. ve Van Dyke, T. E. (2019). Omega-3 Fatty Acids Effects on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Lipid Profiles among Diabetic and Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–10. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54535-x.
• Referans26 Ooi, E. M. M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Millar, J. S., Diffenderfer, M. R., Lamon-Fava, S., Rasmussen, H., … Schaefer, E. J. (2012). Effects of therapeutic lifestyle change diets high and low in dietary fish-derived FAs on lipoprotein metabolism in middle-aged and elderly subjects. Journal of Lipid Research, 53(9), 1958–1967. doi:10.1194/jlr.P024315.
• Referans27 Oscarsson, J. ve Hurt-Camejo, E. (2017). Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and their mechanisms of action on apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in humans: A review. Lipids in Health and Disease, 16(1), 1–13. doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0541-3.
• Referans28 Özkan, Y. ve Koca, S. S. (2006). Hiperlipidemi Tedavisinde Omega-3 Yağ Asitinin (Balık Yağı) Etkinliği. Fırat Tıp Dergisi, 11(1), 40–44.
• Referans29 Parolini, C. (2019). Effects of fish n-3 PUFAs on intestinal microbiota and immune system. Marine Drugs, 17(6). doi:10.3390/md17060374.
• Referans30 Pizzini, A., Lunger, L., Demetz, E., Hilbe, R., Weiss, G., Ebenbichler, C. ve Tancevski, I. (2017). The role of omega-3 fatty acids in reverse cholesterol transport: A review. Nutrients, 9(10). doi:10.3390/nu9101099.
• Referans31 Preston Mason, R. (2019). New Insights into Mechanisms of Action for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Disease. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 21(1), 1–11. doi:10.1007/s11883-019-0762-1.
• Referans32 Rimm, E. B., Appel, L. J., Stephanie, E., Engler, M. B., Kris-etherton, P. M., Mozaffarian, D., … Nursing, S. (2019). Seafood Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association Eric, 138(1), 1–24. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000574.The.
• Referans33 Shahidi, F. ve Ambigaipalan, P. (2018). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Health Benefits. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 9, 345–381. doi:10.1146/annurev-food-111317-095850.
• Referans34 Shen, T., Xing, G., Zhu, J., Zhang, S., Cai, Y., Li, D., … Shi, R. (2017). Effects of 12-week supplementation of marine Omega-3 PUFA-based formulation Omega3Q10 in older adults with prehypertension and/or elevated blood cholesterol. Lipids in Health and Disease, 16(1), 1–11. doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0617-0.
• Referans35 Shramko, V. S., Polonskaya, Y. V., Kashtanova, E. V., Stakhneva, E. M. ve Ragino, Y. I. (2020). The short overview on the relevance of fatty acids for human cardiovascular disorders. Biomolecules, 10(8), 1–24. doi:10.3390/biom10081127.
• Referans36 Skilton, M. R. (2018). ω-3 fatty acids, impaired fetal growth, and cardiovascular risk: Nutrition as precision medicine. Advances in Nutrition, 9(2), 99–104. doi:10.1093/advances/nmx012.
• Referans37 Tørris, C., Småstuen, M. C. ve Molin, M. (2018). Nutrients in fish and possible associations with cardiovascular disease risk factors in metabolic syndrome. Nutrients, 10(7), 1–17. doi:10.3390/nu10070952.
• Referans38 Van Noolen, L., Bäck, M., Arnaud, C., Rey, A., Petri, M. H., Levy, P., … Stanke-Labesque, F. (2014). Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation modifies fatty acid incorporation in tissues and prevents hypoxia induced-atherosclerosis progression in apolipoprotein-E deficient mice. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, 91(4), 111–117. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2014.07.016.
• Referans39 Varım, P., Vatan, M. B. ve Varım, C. (2017). Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar ve Mikrobiyota Cardiovasculer Diseases and Microbiota. BİOSAD, 1(Özel Sayı), 141–147.
• Referans40 Vetrani, C., Maukonen, J., Bozzetto, L., Della Pepa, G., Vitale, M., Costabile, G., … Annuzzi, G. (2020). Diets naturally rich in polyphenols and/or long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids differently affect microbiota composition in high-cardiometabolic-risk individuals. Acta Diabetologica, 57(7), 853–860. doi:10.1007/s00592-020-01494-9.
• Referans41 Walz, C. P., Barry, A. R. ve Koshman, S. L. (2016). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Canadian Pharmacists Journal, 149(3), 166–173. doi:10.1177/1715163516640812.
• Referans42 Wu, J. H. Y., Lichtenstein, A. H., Engler, M. B. ve Alger, H. M. (2017). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (Fish Oil) Supplementation and the Prevention of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association, 135(15). doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000482.Expert.
• Referans43 Yanai, H., Masui, Y., Katsuyama, H., Adachi, H., Kawaguchi, A., Hakoshima, M., … Sako, A. (2018). An Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 10(4), 281–289. doi:10.14740/jocmr3362w.
• Referans44 Zibaeenezhad, M. J., Ghavipisheh, M., Attar, A. ve Aslani, A. (2017). Comparison of the effect of omega-3 supplements and fresh fish on lipid profile: A randomized, open-labeled trial. Nutrition and Diabetes, 7(12), 1–8. doi:10.1038/s41387-017-0007-8.
• Referans45 Zock, P. L., Blom, W. A. M., Nettleton, J. A. ve Hornstra, G. (2016). Progressing Insights into the Role of Dietary Fats in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Current Cardiology Reports, 18(11). doi:10.1007/s11886-016-0793-y.