Research Article
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Year 2022, , 195 - 204, 20.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221101489

Abstract

References

  • Abdel-Latif, H. M., Abdel-Tawwab, M., Khafaga, A. F., & Dawood, M. A. (2021). Dietary oregano essential oil improved the growth performance via enhancing the intestinal morphometry and hepato-renal functions of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings. Aquaculture, 526, 735432. google scholar
  • Acar, Ü., Kesbiç, O. S., Yılmaz, S., İnanan, B. E., Zemheri-Navruz, F., Terzi, F., Fazio, F. & google scholar
  • Parrino, V. (2021). Effects of essential oil derived from the bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) on growth performance, histology and gene expression levels in common carp juveniles (Cyprinus carpio). Animals, 11(5), 1431. google scholar
  • AOAC (1997). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, vol.16, 3rd revision, Gaithersburg, MD. google scholar
  • Awad, E., & Awaad, A. (2017). Role of medicinal plants on growth performance and immune status in fish. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 67, 40-54. google scholar
  • Ayanoglu, F., Kaya, D. A., & Koçer, O. (2018). Promising bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) genotypes for fruit production. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, 2(2), 161- 167. google scholar
  • Bilen, S., & Bilen, A. M. (2012). Growth promoting effect of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Alinteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 22, 26-33. google scholar
  • Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian journal of biochemistry and physiology, 37(8), 911-917. google scholar
  • Brugere, C., Troell, M., & Eriksson, H. (2021). More than fish: policy coherence and benefit sharing as necessary conditions for equitable aquaculture development. Marine Policy, 123, 104271. google scholar
  • Brum, A., Cardoso, L., Chagas, E. C., Chaves, F. C. M., Mourino, J. L. P., & Martins, M. L. (2018). Histological changes in Nile tilapia fed essential oils of clove basil and ginger after challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae. Aquaculture, 490, 98-107. google scholar
  • Caballero, M. J., Izquierdo, M. S., Kj0rsvik, E., Fernandez, A. J., & Rosenlund, G. (2004). google scholar
  • Histological alterations in the liver of sea bream, Sparus aurata L., caused by short-or long term feeding with vegetable oils. Recovery of normal morphology after feeding fish oil as the sole lipid source. Journal of Fish Diseases, 27(9), 531-541. google scholar
  • Cagiltay, F., Diler, I., & Varlik, C. (2011). The effects of bay leaf on rainbow trout’s growth, aromatic and meat composition. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(15), 1914-1916. google scholar
  • Celik, A. D., & Gul, A. (2020). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Market in Hatay Province and Development Opportunities. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(5), 1127-1133. google scholar
  • Chung, S., Ribeiro, K., Melo, J. F. B., Teixeira, D. V., Vidal, L. V. O., & Copatti, C. E. (2021). Essential oil from ginger influences the growth, haematological and biochemical variables and histomorphometry of intestine and liver of Nile tilapia juveniles. Aquaculture, 534, 736325. google scholar
  • Cottrell, R. S., Ferraro, D. M., Blasco, G. D., Halpern, B. S., & Froehlich, H. E. (2021). The search for blue transitions in aquaculture-dominant countries. Fish and Fisheries, 22(5), 1006-1023. google scholar
  • Dawood, M. A., Metwally, A. E. S., Elkomy, A. H., Gewaily, M. S., Abdo, S. E., Abdel- Razek, M. A., Soliman, A. A., Amer, A. A., Abdel-Razik, N. I., Abdel-Latif, H.I. & Paray, B. A. (2020). The impact of menthol essential oil against inflammation, immunosuppression, and histopathological alterations induced by chlorpyrifos in Nile tilapia. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 102, 316-325. google scholar
  • Dawood, M. A. (2021). Nutritional immunity of fish intestines: Important insights for sustainable aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 13(1), 642-663. google scholar
  • Dernekbasi, S., Karayücel, I., & Akyüz, A. P. (2017). Effect of diets containing laurel seed oil on growth and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(2), 219-227. google scholar
  • Dinardo, F. R., Deflorio, M., Casalino, E., Crescenzo, G., & Centoducati, G. (2020). Effect of feed supplementation with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil on sea bass (Dicentrarchuslabrax): A preliminary framework on metabolic status and growth performances. Aquaculture Reports, 18, 100511. google scholar
  • Fidan, H., Stefanova, G., Kostova, I., Stankov, S., Damyanova, S., Stoyanova, A., &Zheljazkov, V. D. (2019). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Laurus nobilis L. essential oils from Bulgaria. Molecules, 24(4), 804. google scholar
  • Ghafarifarsani, H., Hoseinifar, S. H., Javahery, S., Yazici, M., & Van Doan, H. (2022).Growth performance, biochemical parameters, and digestive enzymes in common carp(Cyprinus carpio) fed experimental diets supplemented with vitamin C, thyme essential oil,and quercetin. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 21(1), 291-302. google scholar
  • Heluy, G. M., Ramos, L. R. V., Pedrosa, V. F., Sarturi, C., Figueiredo, P. G. P., Vidal, L. G. P., França, I. F. & Pereira, M. M. (2020). Oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil as anadditive in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings reared in salinizedwater. Aquaculture Research, 51(8), 3237-3243. google scholar
  • Hoang, D. H. (2019). Effects of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation in the diet ongrowth performance and physiology of juvenile lobster, Panulirus polyphagus. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7(2), 302-307. google scholar
  • Hoseinifar, S. H., Sun, Y. Z., Zhou, Z., Van Doan, H., Davies, S. J., & Harikrishnan, R. (2020). Boosting immune function and disease bio-control through environment-friendly and sustainable approaches in finfish aquaculture: herbal therapy scenarios. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 28(3), 303-321. google scholar
  • Kara, M., Soylu, S., Türkmen, M., & Kaya, D. A. (2020). Determination and antifungal activities of laurel and fennel essential oils against fungal disease agents of cypress seedlings. J. Tekirdag Agric. Fac. 17(2) 264-275. google scholar
  • Karik, Ü., Çiçek, F., Tutar, M., & Fırat, A. Y. A. S. (2015). Türkiye defne (Laurus nobilis L.) populasyonlarının uçucu yağ bileşenleri. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 1-16. google scholar
  • Kaur, R., & Shah, T. K. (2017). A review on role of plant waste products on fish growth,health and production. J Entomol Zool Stud, 5(3), 583-589. google scholar
  • Kivrak, Ş., Göktürk, T., & Kivrak, İ. (2017). Assessment of volatile oil composition,phenolics and antioxidant activity of Bay (Laurus nobilis) leaf and usage in cosmeticapplications. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(2), 148-161. google scholar
  • Kizak, V., Can, E., & Can, Ş. S. (2020). Potential anesthetic properties of Bay Leaf (Laurusnobilis) essential oil compared with 2-Phenoxyethanol on Blue Dolphin Cichlid, Cyrtocaramoorii. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh. google scholar
  • Knoop, K. A., & Newberry, R. D. (2018). Goblet cells: multifaceted players in immunity atmucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunology, 11(6), 15511557. google scholar
  • Kocer, O., Türkmen, M., & Eren, Y. (2022). Determination of Essential Oil Ratio andComponents of Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), Murt (Myrtus communis L.) Plants GrowingNaturally in Osmaniye Region. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science andTechnology, 10(1), 75-80. google scholar
  • Lieke, T., Meinelt, T., Hoseinifar, S. H., Pan, B., Straus, D. L., & Steinberg, C. E. (2020).Sustainable aquaculture requires environmental-friendly treatment strategies for fishdiseases. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(2), 943-965. google scholar
  • Marzouki, H., Piras, A., Marongiu, B., Rosa, A., & Dessi, M. A. (2008). Extraction andseparation of volatile and fixed oils from berries of Laurus nobilis L. by supercriticalCO2. Molecules, 13(8), 1702-1711. google scholar
  • Molina, R. D. I., Campos-Silva, R., D^az, M. A., Macedo, A. J., Blâzquez, M. A., Alberto, M.R., & Arena, M. E. (2020). Laurel extracts inhibit Quorum sensing, virulence factors andbiofilm of foodborne pathogens. LWT, 134, 109899. google scholar
  • Ning, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, D., Hu, Y., & Li, Y. (2021). The benefits of blend essential oil for GIFT tilapia on the digestion, antioxidant, and muscle quality during coldstorage.Aquaculture, 533, 736097. google scholar
  • Parry, J., Su, L., Luther, M., Zhou, K., Yurawecz, M. P., Whittaker, P., & Yu, L. (2005). Fatty acid composition and antioxidant properties of cold-pressed marionberry, boysenberry, redraspberry, and blueberry seed oils. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53(3), 566-573. google scholar
  • Peng, S., Chen, L., Qin, J. G., Hou, J., Yu, N., Long, Z., Ye, J. & Sun, X. (2008). Effects ofreplacement of dietary fish oil by soybean oil on growth performance and liver biochemicalcomposition in juvenile black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Aquaculture, 276(1-4),154-161. google scholar
  • Petkova, Z., Stefanova, G., Girova, T., Antova, G., Stoyanova, M., Damianova, S., Gochev,V.Stoyanova, A. & Zheljazkov, V. D. (2019). Phytochemical Investigations of Laurel Fruits (Laurus nobilis). Natural Product Communications, 14(8), 1-10. google scholar
  • Rahimnejad, S., Bang, I. C., Park, J. Y., Sade, A., Choi, J., & Lee, S. M. (2015). Effects ofdietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance, feed utilization and body compositionof juvenile hybrid grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x E. lanceolatus. Aquaculture, 446,283-289. google scholar
  • Rasoarahona, J. R., Barnathan, G., Bianchini, J. P., & Gaydou, E. M. (2005). Influence ofseason on the lipid content and fatty acid profiles of three tilapia species (Oreochromisniloticus, O. macrochir and Tilapia rendalli) from Madagascar. Food Chemistry, 91(4), 683- 694. google scholar
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Effects of Adding Laurel (Laurus nobilis) Essential Oil to the Diet of Tilapia Fish on Growth and Intestinal Histology

Year 2022, , 195 - 204, 20.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221101489

Abstract

The effects of adding laurel oil to the experimental diet on growth performance, biochemical com-positions of fish and feeds, sand liver and intestine histology in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles were evaluated. 180 fish (12±0.02 g) were used in the study. They were randomly placed in 12 tanks with a volume of 500 liters, with 15 fish per tank. The commercial laurel oil was added to the diets at 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2%. The fish were fed with experimental diets twice a day as apparent satiation for 60 days. In the current study, weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rates (SR) were statistically similar (p>0.05). While no difference was observed between protein and ash values in the biochemical analysis of fish, lipid values were found to be lower in the 0.3% and 0.6 supplemented groups compared to the control and 1.2% supplemented groups. In addition, there was no statistical difference in protein, lipid, and ash val-ues in the biochemical composition of the feeds. In the study, essential oil components of Laurus nobilis oil such as Linalool, Elemene, Trans-Caryophyllene, Cis-α-Bisabolene, Α-Terpinyl Acetate, Methyleugenol, β-Eudesmol were determined in low levels. The addition of 0.3% laurel oil to the diet did not cause histopathological findings, and it was found to improve liver and intestinal tis-sues. In conclusion, it is suggested that 0.3% laurel oil addition can be used as a feed additive in tilapia culture, especially considering the data obtained from growth and histological analyzes. Further studies are deserved need to examine the effects of laurel oil on immunity and resistance to various stress factors in other fish.

References

  • Abdel-Latif, H. M., Abdel-Tawwab, M., Khafaga, A. F., & Dawood, M. A. (2021). Dietary oregano essential oil improved the growth performance via enhancing the intestinal morphometry and hepato-renal functions of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings. Aquaculture, 526, 735432. google scholar
  • Acar, Ü., Kesbiç, O. S., Yılmaz, S., İnanan, B. E., Zemheri-Navruz, F., Terzi, F., Fazio, F. & google scholar
  • Parrino, V. (2021). Effects of essential oil derived from the bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) on growth performance, histology and gene expression levels in common carp juveniles (Cyprinus carpio). Animals, 11(5), 1431. google scholar
  • AOAC (1997). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, vol.16, 3rd revision, Gaithersburg, MD. google scholar
  • Awad, E., & Awaad, A. (2017). Role of medicinal plants on growth performance and immune status in fish. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 67, 40-54. google scholar
  • Ayanoglu, F., Kaya, D. A., & Koçer, O. (2018). Promising bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) genotypes for fruit production. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, 2(2), 161- 167. google scholar
  • Bilen, S., & Bilen, A. M. (2012). Growth promoting effect of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Alinteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 22, 26-33. google scholar
  • Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian journal of biochemistry and physiology, 37(8), 911-917. google scholar
  • Brugere, C., Troell, M., & Eriksson, H. (2021). More than fish: policy coherence and benefit sharing as necessary conditions for equitable aquaculture development. Marine Policy, 123, 104271. google scholar
  • Brum, A., Cardoso, L., Chagas, E. C., Chaves, F. C. M., Mourino, J. L. P., & Martins, M. L. (2018). Histological changes in Nile tilapia fed essential oils of clove basil and ginger after challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae. Aquaculture, 490, 98-107. google scholar
  • Caballero, M. J., Izquierdo, M. S., Kj0rsvik, E., Fernandez, A. J., & Rosenlund, G. (2004). google scholar
  • Histological alterations in the liver of sea bream, Sparus aurata L., caused by short-or long term feeding with vegetable oils. Recovery of normal morphology after feeding fish oil as the sole lipid source. Journal of Fish Diseases, 27(9), 531-541. google scholar
  • Cagiltay, F., Diler, I., & Varlik, C. (2011). The effects of bay leaf on rainbow trout’s growth, aromatic and meat composition. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(15), 1914-1916. google scholar
  • Celik, A. D., & Gul, A. (2020). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Market in Hatay Province and Development Opportunities. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(5), 1127-1133. google scholar
  • Chung, S., Ribeiro, K., Melo, J. F. B., Teixeira, D. V., Vidal, L. V. O., & Copatti, C. E. (2021). Essential oil from ginger influences the growth, haematological and biochemical variables and histomorphometry of intestine and liver of Nile tilapia juveniles. Aquaculture, 534, 736325. google scholar
  • Cottrell, R. S., Ferraro, D. M., Blasco, G. D., Halpern, B. S., & Froehlich, H. E. (2021). The search for blue transitions in aquaculture-dominant countries. Fish and Fisheries, 22(5), 1006-1023. google scholar
  • Dawood, M. A., Metwally, A. E. S., Elkomy, A. H., Gewaily, M. S., Abdo, S. E., Abdel- Razek, M. A., Soliman, A. A., Amer, A. A., Abdel-Razik, N. I., Abdel-Latif, H.I. & Paray, B. A. (2020). The impact of menthol essential oil against inflammation, immunosuppression, and histopathological alterations induced by chlorpyrifos in Nile tilapia. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 102, 316-325. google scholar
  • Dawood, M. A. (2021). Nutritional immunity of fish intestines: Important insights for sustainable aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 13(1), 642-663. google scholar
  • Dernekbasi, S., Karayücel, I., & Akyüz, A. P. (2017). Effect of diets containing laurel seed oil on growth and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(2), 219-227. google scholar
  • Dinardo, F. R., Deflorio, M., Casalino, E., Crescenzo, G., & Centoducati, G. (2020). Effect of feed supplementation with Origanum vulgare L. essential oil on sea bass (Dicentrarchuslabrax): A preliminary framework on metabolic status and growth performances. Aquaculture Reports, 18, 100511. google scholar
  • Fidan, H., Stefanova, G., Kostova, I., Stankov, S., Damyanova, S., Stoyanova, A., &Zheljazkov, V. D. (2019). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Laurus nobilis L. essential oils from Bulgaria. Molecules, 24(4), 804. google scholar
  • Ghafarifarsani, H., Hoseinifar, S. H., Javahery, S., Yazici, M., & Van Doan, H. (2022).Growth performance, biochemical parameters, and digestive enzymes in common carp(Cyprinus carpio) fed experimental diets supplemented with vitamin C, thyme essential oil,and quercetin. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 21(1), 291-302. google scholar
  • Heluy, G. M., Ramos, L. R. V., Pedrosa, V. F., Sarturi, C., Figueiredo, P. G. P., Vidal, L. G. P., França, I. F. & Pereira, M. M. (2020). Oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil as anadditive in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings reared in salinizedwater. Aquaculture Research, 51(8), 3237-3243. google scholar
  • Hoang, D. H. (2019). Effects of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation in the diet ongrowth performance and physiology of juvenile lobster, Panulirus polyphagus. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7(2), 302-307. google scholar
  • Hoseinifar, S. H., Sun, Y. Z., Zhou, Z., Van Doan, H., Davies, S. J., & Harikrishnan, R. (2020). Boosting immune function and disease bio-control through environment-friendly and sustainable approaches in finfish aquaculture: herbal therapy scenarios. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 28(3), 303-321. google scholar
  • Kara, M., Soylu, S., Türkmen, M., & Kaya, D. A. (2020). Determination and antifungal activities of laurel and fennel essential oils against fungal disease agents of cypress seedlings. J. Tekirdag Agric. Fac. 17(2) 264-275. google scholar
  • Karik, Ü., Çiçek, F., Tutar, M., & Fırat, A. Y. A. S. (2015). Türkiye defne (Laurus nobilis L.) populasyonlarının uçucu yağ bileşenleri. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 1-16. google scholar
  • Kaur, R., & Shah, T. K. (2017). A review on role of plant waste products on fish growth,health and production. J Entomol Zool Stud, 5(3), 583-589. google scholar
  • Kivrak, Ş., Göktürk, T., & Kivrak, İ. (2017). Assessment of volatile oil composition,phenolics and antioxidant activity of Bay (Laurus nobilis) leaf and usage in cosmeticapplications. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(2), 148-161. google scholar
  • Kizak, V., Can, E., & Can, Ş. S. (2020). Potential anesthetic properties of Bay Leaf (Laurusnobilis) essential oil compared with 2-Phenoxyethanol on Blue Dolphin Cichlid, Cyrtocaramoorii. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh. google scholar
  • Knoop, K. A., & Newberry, R. D. (2018). Goblet cells: multifaceted players in immunity atmucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunology, 11(6), 15511557. google scholar
  • Kocer, O., Türkmen, M., & Eren, Y. (2022). Determination of Essential Oil Ratio andComponents of Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), Murt (Myrtus communis L.) Plants GrowingNaturally in Osmaniye Region. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science andTechnology, 10(1), 75-80. google scholar
  • Lieke, T., Meinelt, T., Hoseinifar, S. H., Pan, B., Straus, D. L., & Steinberg, C. E. (2020).Sustainable aquaculture requires environmental-friendly treatment strategies for fishdiseases. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(2), 943-965. google scholar
  • Marzouki, H., Piras, A., Marongiu, B., Rosa, A., & Dessi, M. A. (2008). Extraction andseparation of volatile and fixed oils from berries of Laurus nobilis L. by supercriticalCO2. Molecules, 13(8), 1702-1711. google scholar
  • Molina, R. D. I., Campos-Silva, R., D^az, M. A., Macedo, A. J., Blâzquez, M. A., Alberto, M.R., & Arena, M. E. (2020). Laurel extracts inhibit Quorum sensing, virulence factors andbiofilm of foodborne pathogens. LWT, 134, 109899. google scholar
  • Ning, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, D., Hu, Y., & Li, Y. (2021). The benefits of blend essential oil for GIFT tilapia on the digestion, antioxidant, and muscle quality during coldstorage.Aquaculture, 533, 736097. google scholar
  • Parry, J., Su, L., Luther, M., Zhou, K., Yurawecz, M. P., Whittaker, P., & Yu, L. (2005). Fatty acid composition and antioxidant properties of cold-pressed marionberry, boysenberry, redraspberry, and blueberry seed oils. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53(3), 566-573. google scholar
  • Peng, S., Chen, L., Qin, J. G., Hou, J., Yu, N., Long, Z., Ye, J. & Sun, X. (2008). Effects ofreplacement of dietary fish oil by soybean oil on growth performance and liver biochemicalcomposition in juvenile black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Aquaculture, 276(1-4),154-161. google scholar
  • Petkova, Z., Stefanova, G., Girova, T., Antova, G., Stoyanova, M., Damianova, S., Gochev,V.Stoyanova, A. & Zheljazkov, V. D. (2019). Phytochemical Investigations of Laurel Fruits (Laurus nobilis). Natural Product Communications, 14(8), 1-10. google scholar
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There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Metin Yazıcı 0000-0002-7011-886X

Yavuz Mazlum 0000-0002-9547-0966

Mehmet Naz 0000-0002-5129-8498

Çiğdem Ürkü 0000-0003-0381-9321

Musa Türkmen 0000-0001-9914-9523

Tülay Akaylı 0000-0003-2375-2224

Publication Date October 20, 2022
Submission Date April 11, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Yazıcı, M., Mazlum, Y., Naz, M., Ürkü, Ç., et al. (2022). Effects of Adding Laurel (Laurus nobilis) Essential Oil to the Diet of Tilapia Fish on Growth and Intestinal Histology. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 37(4), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221101489
AMA Yazıcı M, Mazlum Y, Naz M, Ürkü Ç, Türkmen M, Akaylı T. Effects of Adding Laurel (Laurus nobilis) Essential Oil to the Diet of Tilapia Fish on Growth and Intestinal Histology. Aqua Sci Eng. October 2022;37(4):195-204. doi:10.26650/ASE20221101489
Chicago Yazıcı, Metin, Yavuz Mazlum, Mehmet Naz, Çiğdem Ürkü, Musa Türkmen, and Tülay Akaylı. “Effects of Adding Laurel (Laurus Nobilis) Essential Oil to the Diet of Tilapia Fish on Growth and Intestinal Histology”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 37, no. 4 (October 2022): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221101489.
EndNote Yazıcı M, Mazlum Y, Naz M, Ürkü Ç, Türkmen M, Akaylı T (October 1, 2022) Effects of Adding Laurel (Laurus nobilis) Essential Oil to the Diet of Tilapia Fish on Growth and Intestinal Histology. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 37 4 195–204.
IEEE M. Yazıcı, Y. Mazlum, M. Naz, Ç. Ürkü, M. Türkmen, and T. Akaylı, “Effects of Adding Laurel (Laurus nobilis) Essential Oil to the Diet of Tilapia Fish on Growth and Intestinal Histology”, Aqua Sci Eng, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 195–204, 2022, doi: 10.26650/ASE20221101489.
ISNAD Yazıcı, Metin et al. “Effects of Adding Laurel (Laurus Nobilis) Essential Oil to the Diet of Tilapia Fish on Growth and Intestinal Histology”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 37/4 (October 2022), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221101489.
JAMA Yazıcı M, Mazlum Y, Naz M, Ürkü Ç, Türkmen M, Akaylı T. Effects of Adding Laurel (Laurus nobilis) Essential Oil to the Diet of Tilapia Fish on Growth and Intestinal Histology. Aqua Sci Eng. 2022;37:195–204.
MLA Yazıcı, Metin et al. “Effects of Adding Laurel (Laurus Nobilis) Essential Oil to the Diet of Tilapia Fish on Growth and Intestinal Histology”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, vol. 37, no. 4, 2022, pp. 195-04, doi:10.26650/ASE20221101489.
Vancouver Yazıcı M, Mazlum Y, Naz M, Ürkü Ç, Türkmen M, Akaylı T. Effects of Adding Laurel (Laurus nobilis) Essential Oil to the Diet of Tilapia Fish on Growth and Intestinal Histology. Aqua Sci Eng. 2022;37(4):195-204.

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