Brood Rearing and Dose Optimisation for Induced Breeding of Raikor, Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton, 1822)

Abstract

An experiment on brood rearing and induced breeding of the near threatened fish species Raikor, Cirrhinus reba using the pituitary gland (PG), was conducted from March to August 2020 at the Floodplain Sub-station of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Santahar, Bogura. Broods were collected and reared in the ponds of the hatchery complex. The total length (cm), body weight (g), gonad weight (g), and gonado-somatic index (%) of this species were measured during the rearing period. To standardize the breeding technique, a total of 90 brood fish of C. reba were treated with different doses of PG, specifically, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 mg/kg body weight for females and 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mg/ kg body weight for males in different treatments, namely T1, T2, and T3 respectively. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in fecundity, ovulation (%), and the fertilization rate (%) among the treatments. Based on the results, T2 (4.0 mg/kg body weight for females, 2.0 mg/kg body weight for males) produced the most favorable results. The current observations could be applied to C. reba stimulated breeding for the advancement of hatchery formation. More research on the nursing, nurturing, and culture of the near- threatened C. reba at varied densities and feedings is necessary for their conservation and restoration.

Keywords

• duced breeding
• embryology
• gonado-somatic index
• C. reba

References

1. Akther, S. & Akther, S. (2011). Some aspects of the reproductive biology and sex-ratio of Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton) (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes). University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University, 30: 21-24. google scholar
2. Ali, M. S., Islam, M. S., Begum, N., Suravi, I. N., Mia, M., & Kashem, M. A. (2017). Effect of monoculture and polyculture systems on growth and production of fishes in seasonal waterbodies of Haor villages, Sunamganj district. Journal of Scientific Research, 9(3), 307-316. google scholar
3. Ali, M. R., Hossain, M. S., Hossain, M. A., Chowdhury, G., & Iqbal, M. M. (2021). The use of S-GnRHa (salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue) in induced breeding and early embryonic development of Gulsha, Mystus cavasius. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 10(3), 313-321. google scholar
4. Araf, T., Hossain, A., Chowdhury, G., Hossain, M., Rahman, A., & Iqba, M.(2021). Artificial propagation and embryonic growth in Stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) using S-GnRHa (salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue). Journal of Tropical Life Science, 11(2), 141-149. https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.02.03 google scholar
5. Begum, N., Islam, M. S., Haque, A. K. M. F., & Suravi, I. N. (2017). Growth and yield of monosex tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in floating cages fed commercial diet supplemented with probiotics in freshwater pond, Sylhet. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology, 45(1), 27-36. google scholar
6. Bhatnagar, A., & Singh, G. (2010). Culture fisheries in village ponds: a multi-location study in Haryana, India. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1(5), 961-968. google scholar
7. Bhuiyan, A. L. (1964). Fishes of Dacca. Asiatic Society of Pakistan, Dacca. 148 pp. google scholar
8. Bogard, J., Thilsted, S., Marks, G., Wahab, M. A., Hossain, M., Jakobsen, J., & Stangoulis, H. (2015). Nutrient composition of important fish species in Bangladesh and potential contribution to recommended nutrient intakes, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 42, 120133. google scholar

9. Boyd, C. E. 1982. Water quality management for pond fish culture.Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 318 p. google scholar
10. Brammer, H. (1990). Floods in Bangladesh. Geogmaphical Journal, 156(1 & 2): 12-22 and 158-165. google scholar
11. Chapman, D., & Kimstach, V. (1996). Selection of water quality variables. Water quality assessments: a guide to the use of biota, sediments and water in environment monitoring, Chapman edition, 2nd ed. E & FN Spon, London, 59-126. google scholar
12. Das, S. R., Pandit, D., Harun-Al-Rashid, A., Tasnim, N., & Kunda, M. (2022a). Impacts of brush pile fishing on fish biodiversity: A case study of the Shari-Goyain River in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 8(7), e09903. google scholar
13. Das, D. R., Shova, T. A., Haque, M. R., Begum, N., & Sultana, S., (2022b). Effect of different doses of pituitary gland (PG) hormone on induced breeding of Bheda/Meni (Nandus nandus) fish. European Journal of Zoology, 1(2), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejzoo.2022.1.2.17 google scholar
14. Das, S. K. (2002). Seed production of magur (Clarias batrachus) using a rural model portable hatchery in Assam, IndiaA farmer proven technology. Aquaculture Asia, 7, 19-21. google scholar
15. Davis, T. L. O., & West, G. J. (1993). Maturation, reproductive seasonality, fecundity and spawning frequency in Lutjanus vittus (Quoy and Gaimard) from the North West Shelf of Australia - Fish. Bull. 91, 224-236. google scholar
16. di Baldassarre, G., Yan. K., Ferdous, R. M., & Brandimarte, L. (2014). The interplay between human population dynamics and flooding in Bangladesh: A spatial analysis. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 364, 188-191. google scholar
17. DoF. (2022). National Fish Week Compendium (in Bangla). Department of Fisheries. Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh. 160p. google scholar
18. FAO. (2022). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) Towards Blue Transformation, Rome, FAO. pp. 266. google scholar
19. Galib, S. M., Naser, S. M. A., Mohsin, A. B. M., Chaki, N., & Fahad, M. F H. (2013). Fish diversity of the River Choto Jamuna, Bangladesh: present status and conservation needs. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 5(6), 389-395. google scholar
20. Galib, S. M., Samad, M. A., Mohsin, A. B. M., Flowra, F A., & Alam, M. T, (2009). Present status of fishes in the Chalan Beel- the largest Beel (wetland) of Bangladesh. International Journal of Animal and Fisheries Science, 2(3), 214-218. google scholar
21. Gupta, S., & Banerjee, S. (2016). A review on feeding and reproductive biology of Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton, 1822), a threatened freshwater fish of Indian subcontinent with an emphasis on its conservation. Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 7(2), 1-5. google scholar
22. Hamilton, F. B. (1822). An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches, Edinburgh & London, Fishes Ganges, pp. 1-405. google scholar
23. Haque, M.R., Das, D.R., Sarkar, M.R., Begum, N., Pandit, D., Jaman, A. (2023). Effect of stocking densities on growth and production performance of Bheda (Nandus nandus) in pond aquaculture. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 38(2), 97-105. DOI: https://doi. org/10.26650/ASE20231247849 google scholar
24. Hossain, M. Y., Khatun, M. M., Jasmine, S., Rahman, M. M., Jewel, M. A. S., & Ohtomi, J. (2013). Life-history traits of the threatened freshwater fish Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton 1822) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in the Ganges River, Northwestern Bangladesh. Sains Malaysiana, 42(9), 1219-1229. google scholar
25. Imteazzaman, A. M., & Galib, S. M. (2013). Fish fauna of Halti Beel, Bangladesh. International Journal of Current Research, 5(1), 187-190. google scholar
26. Islam, M. R., Kunda, M., Pandit, D., & Rashid, A. H. A. (2019). Assessment of the ichthyofaunal diversity in the Juri River of Sylhet district, Bangladesh. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 4(4), 488-496. google scholar
27. IUCN Bangladesh (2015). Red List of Bangladesh. Volume 5: Freshwater Fishes. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh. pp. xvi+360. google scholar
28. Jayaram, K. C. (1981). The freshwater fishes of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma and Sri Lanka - Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 475 p. google scholar
29. Jewel, M.A.S., Haque, M. A., Ferdou, M. S., Khatun, S., Khanom, D. A., & Hasan, J. (2019). Gonadosomatic index and fecundity of threatened reba carp, Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton), in the Ganges River (northwest Bangladesh). Fish. Aquat. Life, 27, 80-85. google scholar
30. Kamal, M. A. H. M., Kawsar, M. A., Pandit, D., Kunda, M., Tabassum, K., & Alam, M. T., (2022). Fish biodiversity at Kawadighi Haor of Northeastern Bangladesh: Addressing fish diversity, production and conservation status. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 37(3), 151160. google scholar
31. Khan, I. A. (1986). Fecundity of Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton-Buchanan) from Baigul reservoir in UttarPradesh - Indian J. Ani. Sci. 56, 711-716. google scholar
32. Kohli, M. P. S., & Goswami, U.C. (1987). Spawning behavior of a freshwater air breathing Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Matsya., 12, 180-183. google scholar
33. Kunda, M., Ray, D., Pandit, D., & Harun-Al-Rashid, A. (2022). Establishment of a fish sanctuary for conserving indigenous fishes in the largest freshwater swamp forest of Bangladesh: A community-based management approach. Heliyon, 8(5), e09498. google scholar
34. Lashari, P. K., Narejo, N.T., Laghari, M. Y., & Mastoi, A. M. (2007). Studies on the Gonado Somatic Index and fecundity of a carp C. reba (Hamilton) from fish ponds of district Jacobabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 39, 95-98. google scholar
35. le Cren, E. D. (1951). The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in Perch. Journal of Animal Ecology, 20, 201-219. google scholar
36. Makori, A. J., Abuom, P. O., Kapiyo, R., Anyona, D. N., & Dida, G. O. (2017). Effects of water physico-chemical parameters on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth in earthen ponds in Teso North Sub-County, Busia County. Fisheries and AquaticSciences, 20(1), 1-10. google scholar
37. Mallasen, M., do Carmo, C. F., Tucci, A., de Barros, H. P, Rojas, N. E. T., da Fonseca, F. S., & Yamashita, E. Y. (2012). Water quality in cage system fish farm in Ilha Solteira reservoir, SP. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 38(1), 15-30. google scholar
38. Maria, A. B., Iqbal, M. M., Hossain, M. A. R., Rahman, M. A., Uddin, S., Hossain, M. A., & Jabed, M. N. (2016). Present status of endangered fish species in Sylhet Sadar, Bangladesh. International Journal of Natural Sciences, 6(2), 104-110. google scholar
39. Marimuthu, K., Kumar, D., & Haniffa, M. A. (2007). Induced spawning of striped snakehead, Channa striatus, using ovatide. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 19(4), 95-103, DOI: 10.1300/J028v19n04_06 google scholar
40. Mathialagan, R., & Sivakumar, R. (2012). Gonado-somatic index of reba carp C. reba (Hamilton) from Vadavar river, Lower Anicut, Tamil Nadu. Environmental Ecology, 30, 624-626. google scholar
41. Meade, J. W. 1985. Allowable Ammonia for Fish Culture. Prog. Fish cult., 47, 135-145. google scholar
42. Mia, M. R., Uddin, M. S., Alam, M. T., Pandit, D., & Mazumder, S. K. (2022). Habitat and biodiversity degradation of the Surma River, Bangladesh and implications for future management. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 20(1), 103-115. google scholar
43. Mia, M., Islam, M. S., Begum, N., Suravi, I. N., & Ali, S. (2017). Fishing gears and their effect on fish diversity of Dekar haor in Sunamganj district. Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 4, 111-120. google scholar
44. Mian, S., Papree, S. D., Dey, T., Hossain, M. A., Iqbal, M. M., Abol-Munaf, A. B., & Islam, M. S. (2017). Some Reproductive Aspects of Freshwater Garfish, Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822) from North-East Bangladesh. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 12(2), 82-89. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2017.82.89 google scholar
45. Mohsin, A. B. M., Hasan, M. M., & Galib, S. M. (2009). Fish diversity of community-based fisheries managed oxbow lake (Bookbhara Baor) in Jessore, Bangladesh. Journal of Science Foundation. 7(1): 121-125. google scholar
46. Mollah, M. F A., Talima, K., Rashid, H., Hossain, Z., Sarowar, M. N., & Khan, M. R. K. (2011). Embryonic and larval development of critically endangered riverine catfish Rita rita. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 5, 110-118. https://doi.org/10.5053/ejobios.2011.5.0.13 google scholar
47. Mollah, M. F.A., Amin, M. R.; Sarowar, M. N., & Muhammadullah. (2008). First record of induced breeding of the riverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822). Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 6(2): 361-366. google scholar
48. Mondal, D., & Pal, S. (2017). Evolution of wetlands in lower reaches of Bagmari-Bansloi-Pagla rivers: A study using multi dated images and maps. Current Science 112(11): 2263-2272. google scholar
49. Munshi, J. S. D., & Hughes, G. M. (1991). Air breathing fishes of India. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 181-208pp. google scholar
50. Mustafi, S. K., Kunda M., Khan, A. K. M. F., Mazumder, S. K., & Pandit, D. google scholar
51. (2022). Conserving nutrient rich small indigenous species of fish in the wetlands of north-eastern Bangladesh. AACL Bioflux, 15(4), 22382252. google scholar
52. Naik, G., Rashid, M., Balkhi, M. H., & Bhat, F. A. (2015). Food and feeding habits of Cyprinus carpio var. communis: A reason that decline Schizothoracine fish production from Dal Lake of Kashmir Valley. Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 6(4), 1000155. google scholar
53. Nesa, N. U., Ahmed, S., & Rahman, S. M. (2017). Breeding Performance, embryonic and larval development of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis in Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, 10(1), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i1.34708. google scholar
54. Pandit, D., Kunda, M., Ray, D., & Rashid, A. H. A. (2020). Availability and diversity of fish fauna in the Gurukchi River of Sylhet district in Bangladesh. Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 7(1), 1-12. google scholar
55. Pandit, D., Saha, S., Kunda, M., & Harun-Al-Rashid, A. (2021). Indigenous freshwater ichthyofauna in the Dhanu River and surrounding wetlands of Bangladesh: species diversity, availability, and conservation perspectives. Conservation, 1(3), 241-257. google scholar
56. Pandit, D., Shefat, S. H. T., & Kunda, M. (2023). Fish diversity decline threatens small-scale fisheries in the haor basin of Bangladesh. In: Islam, M. M. (ed.), Small in scale, big in contributions: Advancing knowledge of small-scale fisheries in Bangladesh. TBTI Global Publication Series. St. John's, NL, Canada. google scholar
57. Haque, A. K. M. F., Begum, N., & Islam, M. S. (2015). Seasonal variations in phytoplankton and zooplankton population in relation to some environmental factors at the tidal Sangu River in Chittagong of Bangladesh. Journal of the Sylhet Agricultural University, 2(2), 209219. google scholar
58. Rahman, A. K. A. (2005). Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh. 2nd Edition. Zoological Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka. xviii + 394 p. google scholar
59. Rahman, M. I., Islam, M. S., Hossain, M. S., Ali, M. R., Das, B., Hossain, M. A., & Iqbal, M. M. (2021). Induced spawning and larval development of Vietnamese Koi, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792), using salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (S-GnRHA). Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, 16(1), 21-27. google scholar
60. Ross, S. W., Dalton, D. A., Kramer, S., & Christensen, B. L. (2001). Physiological (antioxidant) responses of estuarine fishes to variability in dissolved oxygen. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 130(3), 289-303. google scholar
61. Sarkar, U. K., Negi, R. S., Deepak, P. K., Singh, S. P., Srivastava, S. M., & Roy, D. (2004). Captive breeding of vulnerable Indian carp Cirrhinus reba with Ovaprim for conservation of wild populations. Aquaculture Asia, 9, 5-7. google scholar
62. Shafi, S., Yousuf, A. R., & Parveen, M. (2012). Study on the fecundity of Cyprinus carpio communis (Linneaus, 1758, introduce). International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2(2), 1-5. google scholar
63. Sufian, M. A., Kunda, M., Islam, M. J., Haque, A. T. U., & Pandit, D. (2017). Socioeconomic conditions of fishermen of Dekar Haor in Sunamganj. Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 4(1), 101-109. google scholar
64. Sultana, N., Rashid, I., & Hossain, M. S. (2018). The minor carp, Cirrhinus reba potential candidate as an aquaculture species: A mini review. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6(3): 53-58. google scholar
65. Suravi, I. N., Islam, M. S., Begum, N., Kashem, M. A., Munny, F. J., & Iris, F. (2017). Fish bio-diversity and livelihood of fishers of Dekar haor in Sunamganj of Bangladesh. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science, 43(2), 233-244. google scholar
66. Swingle, H. S. 1969. Standardization of chemical analysis for waters and pond mud. FAO Fisheries Report, 4 (2): 397-421. google scholar
67. Talukder, M. R., Hussain, M. A., Kunda, M., Rashid, A. H. A., Pandit, D., & Sumon, T. A. (2021). Checklist of fish species in the Shari-Goyain River, Bangladesh: threats and conservation measures. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 50(2), 148-155. google scholar
68. Talwar, P. K., & Jhingran, A. G. (1991). Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries, volume 1. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd, New Delhi-Calcutta. pp. 542 google scholar
69. Van-Dyk, J. C., & G. M. Pieterse (2008). A histo-morphological study of the testis of the sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as reference for future toxicological assessments. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 24(4), 415-22. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01127.x. google scholar