Research Article
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Year 2023, , 180 - 188, 24.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20231276000

Abstract

References

  • Aydın, M. (2008). The commercial sea cucumbers fishery in Turkey. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 28, 40-43. google scholar
  • Aydın, M. (2017). Present status of the sea cucumber fishery in Turkey. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 37, 30-34. google scholar
  • Aydın, M. (2019). Density and biomass of commercial sea cucumber species relative to depth in the Northern Aegean Sea. Thalassas, 35, 541-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-019-00144-4 google scholar
  • Aydın, M., & Erkan, S. (2015). Identification and some biological characteristics of commercial sea cucumber in the Turkey coast waters. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 3, 260-265. google scholar
  • Aydın, M., Sevgili, H., Tufan, B., Emre, Y., & Köse, S. (2011). Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of three different fresh and dried commercial sea cucumbers from Turkey. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 46, 500-508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02512.x google scholar
  • Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalisation and “Revealed” Comparative Advantage. The Manchester School, 33, 99-123. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1965.tb00050.x google scholar
  • Bruckner, A.W. (2005). The recent status of sea cucumber fisheries in the continental United States of America. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 22, 39-46 google scholar
  • Buonfiglio, G., & Lovatelli, A. 2023. A practical guide on safe hookah diving - Diving for sea cucumbers and other marine organisms. Rome, Italy: FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3789en google scholar
  • Cânovas-Molina, A., Garcıa-Charton, J.A., & Garcıa-Frapolli, E. (2021). Assessing the contribution to overfishing of small- and large-scale fisheries in two marine regions as determined by the weight of evidence approach. Ocean & Coastal Management, 213, 105911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105911 google scholar
  • Conand, C. (1990). The fishery resources of Pacific Island countries. Part 2: Holothurians. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 272 (2). Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Conand, C. (2018). Tropical sea cucumber fisheries: Changes during the last decade. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 133, 590-594. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.014 google scholar
  • Daly, K. (2008). Financial volatility: Issues and measuring techniques. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 387, 2377-2393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.009 google scholar
  • Dereli, H., & Aydın, M. (2021). Sea cucumber fishery in Turkey: management regulations and their efficiency. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 41, 101551 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101551 google scholar
  • Dereli, H., Çulha, S.T., Çulha, M., Özalp, B.H., & Tekinay, A.A. (2016). Reproduction and population structure of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey. Mediterranean Marine Science, 17, 47-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1360 google scholar
  • Fabinyi, M. (2012). Historical, cultural and social perspectives on luxury seafood consumption in China. Environmental Conservation, 39, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892911000609 google scholar
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2020. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020: Sustainability in action. Rome, Italy: FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en google scholar
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2022. Information Note: The importance of Ukraine and the Russian Federation for global agricultural markets and the risks associated with the current conflict. Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2023. Aquaculture, Capture and Global production databases: statistical query panel. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics-query/en/home (accessed 14.02.2023) google scholar
  • Gonzâlez-Wangüemert, M., Aydın, M., & Conand, C. (2014). Assessment of sea cucumber populations from the Aegean Sea (Turkey): First insights to sustainable management of new fisheries. Ocean & Coastal Management, 92, 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ocecoaman.2014.02.014 google scholar
  • Han, Q., Keesing, J.K., & Liu, D. (2016). A review of sea cucumber aquaculture, ranching, and stock enhancement in China. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 24, 326-341. https://doi.org/10.108 0/23308249.2016.1193472 google scholar
  • International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-3. https://www.iucnredlist.org google scholar
  • Louw, S., & Burgener, M. (2020). A rapid assessment of the sea cucumber trade from Africa to Asia. TRAFFIC Report. Cambridge, UK: TRAFFIC. google scholar
  • Lovatelli, A., Conand, C., Purcell, S., Uthicke, S., Hamel, J-F., & Mercier, A. (2004). Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, No 463. Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Mangubhai, S., Nand, Y., Ram, R., Fox, M., Tabunakawai-Vakalalabure, M., & Vodivodi, T. (2016). Value chain analysis of the wild caught sea cucumber fishery in Fiji. Wildlife Conservation Society and Fiji Department of Fisheries, No 02/16. Suva, Fiji: WCS. google scholar
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2021). Economic Surveys: Turkey 2021. Paris, Spain: OECD Publishing. google scholar
  • Purcell, S.W. (2010). Managing sea cucumber fisheries with an ecosystem approach. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, No 520. Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Purcell, S.W. (2014). Value, market preferences and trade of beche-de-mer from Pacific Island sea cucumbers. PLOS ONE, 9, e95075. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095075 google scholar
  • Purcell, S.W., Samyn, Y., & Conand, C. (2012). Commercially important sea cucumbers of the world. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes, No 6. Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Purcell, S.W., Mercier, A., Conand, C., Hamel, J.-F., Toral-Granda, M.V., Lovatelli, A., & Uthicke, S. (2013). Sea cucumber fisheries: global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing. Fish and Fisheries, 14, 34-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00443.x google scholar
  • Purcell, S.W., Williamson, D.H., & Ngaluafe, P. (2018). Chinese market prices of beche-de-mer: Implications for fisheries and aquaculture. Marine Policy, 91, 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.02.005 google scholar
  • Rahman, M.A., & Yusoff, F.M. (2017). Sea cucumber fisheries: market potential, trade, utilization and challenges for expanding the production in the South-East Asia. International Journal of Advances in Chemical Engineering and Biological Sciences, 40, 26-30. https:// doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15242/IJACEBS.ER0117033 google scholar
  • Rahman, M.A., Chowdhury, S.H., Hasan, M.J., Rahman, M.H., Yeasmin, S.M., Farjana, N., Molla, M.H.R., & Parvez, M.S. (2020). Status, prospects and market potentials of the sea cucumber fisheries with special reference on their proper utilization and trade. Annual Research and Review in Biology, 35, 84-101. https://doi.org/https:// doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i730250 google scholar
  • Rakaj, A., Fianchini, A., Boncagni, P., Lovatelli, A., Scardi, M., & Cataudella, S. (2018). Spawning and rearing of Holothuria tubulosa: A new candidate for aquaculture in the Mediterranean region. Aquaculture Research, 49, 557-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13487 google scholar
  • Ram, R., Chand, R.V., & Southgate, P.C. (2014). Effects of processing methods on the value of beche-de-mer from the Fiji Islands. Journal of Marine Science: Research and Development, 4, 152. https://doi. org/https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000152 google scholar
  • Rogers, A., Hamel, J-F., Baker, S.M., & Mercier, A. (2018). The 2009-2016 Belize sea cucumber fishery: resource use patterns, management strategies and socioeconomic impacts. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 22, 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2018.05.003 google scholar
  • Tolon, T., Emiroğlu, D., Günay, D., & Saygı, H. (2015). Effect of sediment grain size on growth performance of juvenile sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 15, 555-559. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v15_2_43 google scholar
  • Toral-Granda,V., Lovatelli, A., & Vasconcellos, M. (2008). Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, No 516. Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM) (2022). Annual export figures 2021. https://tim.org.tr/en/default (accessed 22 May 2022). google scholar
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2021). Trade and Development Report 2021. New York and Geneva, USA: United Nations Publications. google scholar
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2022). Impact and implications of COVID-19 for the ocean economy and trade strategy. New York and Geneva, USA: United Nations Publications. google scholar
  • Vidal-Hernândez, L., Canto-Lugo, E., Carmona-Escalante, A., Huerta-Quintanilla, R., Garza-Lagler, C., & Lopez-Rocha, J. (2019). Properties, communities and robustness in the Yucatan sea cucumber trade network. Ocean & Coastal Management, 168, 226-237. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.10.036 google scholar
  • Wirawati I., Jasmadi, Pratiwi R., Widyastuti E., & Ibrahim P.S. (2021). Commercial sea cucumber trading status in Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 14, 3204-3216. google scholar
  • World Trade Organization (WTO) (2021). World Trade Report 2021, Economic resilience and trade. Geneva, Switzerland: WTO Publications. google scholar

Sea Cucumber Trade and Sustainability in Türkiye: Progress, Problems, and Opportunities

Year 2023, , 180 - 188, 24.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20231276000

Abstract

Türkiye is rich in sea cucumber stocks and therefore offers ample opportunities for becoming the leading exporter in the world. This study aims to explore sea cucumber export trends in Türkiye for the first time using annual series data. Export-related information has been compiled from official data records and interviews with the managers of exporting companies. The data set includes the sea cucumber export process in Türkiye, export destinations, temporal shifts in export, and export tendency according to Harmonized System codes. Türkiye is in a competitive and advantageous position in the global market. This study has revealed that the export of sea cucumber products from Türkiye has performed well and seems to have grown well over the years, mainly when exporting to high-demand countries. Investing in the sea cucumber sector will also pay off through long-run economic growth and development. COVID-19, high commodity prices and inflation, and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have been identified as problems in sea cucumber exports. To reach long-term export targets, Türkiye should develop trading policies toward export performance and sustainable stock management. Maintaining exports in high-value-added markets and increasing financial support for exporters have been determined as the fundamental elements of these policies.

References

  • Aydın, M. (2008). The commercial sea cucumbers fishery in Turkey. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 28, 40-43. google scholar
  • Aydın, M. (2017). Present status of the sea cucumber fishery in Turkey. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 37, 30-34. google scholar
  • Aydın, M. (2019). Density and biomass of commercial sea cucumber species relative to depth in the Northern Aegean Sea. Thalassas, 35, 541-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-019-00144-4 google scholar
  • Aydın, M., & Erkan, S. (2015). Identification and some biological characteristics of commercial sea cucumber in the Turkey coast waters. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 3, 260-265. google scholar
  • Aydın, M., Sevgili, H., Tufan, B., Emre, Y., & Köse, S. (2011). Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of three different fresh and dried commercial sea cucumbers from Turkey. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 46, 500-508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02512.x google scholar
  • Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalisation and “Revealed” Comparative Advantage. The Manchester School, 33, 99-123. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1965.tb00050.x google scholar
  • Bruckner, A.W. (2005). The recent status of sea cucumber fisheries in the continental United States of America. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 22, 39-46 google scholar
  • Buonfiglio, G., & Lovatelli, A. 2023. A practical guide on safe hookah diving - Diving for sea cucumbers and other marine organisms. Rome, Italy: FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3789en google scholar
  • Cânovas-Molina, A., Garcıa-Charton, J.A., & Garcıa-Frapolli, E. (2021). Assessing the contribution to overfishing of small- and large-scale fisheries in two marine regions as determined by the weight of evidence approach. Ocean & Coastal Management, 213, 105911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105911 google scholar
  • Conand, C. (1990). The fishery resources of Pacific Island countries. Part 2: Holothurians. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 272 (2). Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Conand, C. (2018). Tropical sea cucumber fisheries: Changes during the last decade. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 133, 590-594. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.014 google scholar
  • Daly, K. (2008). Financial volatility: Issues and measuring techniques. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 387, 2377-2393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.009 google scholar
  • Dereli, H., & Aydın, M. (2021). Sea cucumber fishery in Turkey: management regulations and their efficiency. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 41, 101551 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101551 google scholar
  • Dereli, H., Çulha, S.T., Çulha, M., Özalp, B.H., & Tekinay, A.A. (2016). Reproduction and population structure of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey. Mediterranean Marine Science, 17, 47-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1360 google scholar
  • Fabinyi, M. (2012). Historical, cultural and social perspectives on luxury seafood consumption in China. Environmental Conservation, 39, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892911000609 google scholar
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2020. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020: Sustainability in action. Rome, Italy: FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en google scholar
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2022. Information Note: The importance of Ukraine and the Russian Federation for global agricultural markets and the risks associated with the current conflict. Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2023. Aquaculture, Capture and Global production databases: statistical query panel. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics-query/en/home (accessed 14.02.2023) google scholar
  • Gonzâlez-Wangüemert, M., Aydın, M., & Conand, C. (2014). Assessment of sea cucumber populations from the Aegean Sea (Turkey): First insights to sustainable management of new fisheries. Ocean & Coastal Management, 92, 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ocecoaman.2014.02.014 google scholar
  • Han, Q., Keesing, J.K., & Liu, D. (2016). A review of sea cucumber aquaculture, ranching, and stock enhancement in China. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 24, 326-341. https://doi.org/10.108 0/23308249.2016.1193472 google scholar
  • International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-3. https://www.iucnredlist.org google scholar
  • Louw, S., & Burgener, M. (2020). A rapid assessment of the sea cucumber trade from Africa to Asia. TRAFFIC Report. Cambridge, UK: TRAFFIC. google scholar
  • Lovatelli, A., Conand, C., Purcell, S., Uthicke, S., Hamel, J-F., & Mercier, A. (2004). Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, No 463. Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Mangubhai, S., Nand, Y., Ram, R., Fox, M., Tabunakawai-Vakalalabure, M., & Vodivodi, T. (2016). Value chain analysis of the wild caught sea cucumber fishery in Fiji. Wildlife Conservation Society and Fiji Department of Fisheries, No 02/16. Suva, Fiji: WCS. google scholar
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2021). Economic Surveys: Turkey 2021. Paris, Spain: OECD Publishing. google scholar
  • Purcell, S.W. (2010). Managing sea cucumber fisheries with an ecosystem approach. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, No 520. Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Purcell, S.W. (2014). Value, market preferences and trade of beche-de-mer from Pacific Island sea cucumbers. PLOS ONE, 9, e95075. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095075 google scholar
  • Purcell, S.W., Samyn, Y., & Conand, C. (2012). Commercially important sea cucumbers of the world. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes, No 6. Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Purcell, S.W., Mercier, A., Conand, C., Hamel, J.-F., Toral-Granda, M.V., Lovatelli, A., & Uthicke, S. (2013). Sea cucumber fisheries: global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing. Fish and Fisheries, 14, 34-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00443.x google scholar
  • Purcell, S.W., Williamson, D.H., & Ngaluafe, P. (2018). Chinese market prices of beche-de-mer: Implications for fisheries and aquaculture. Marine Policy, 91, 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.02.005 google scholar
  • Rahman, M.A., & Yusoff, F.M. (2017). Sea cucumber fisheries: market potential, trade, utilization and challenges for expanding the production in the South-East Asia. International Journal of Advances in Chemical Engineering and Biological Sciences, 40, 26-30. https:// doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15242/IJACEBS.ER0117033 google scholar
  • Rahman, M.A., Chowdhury, S.H., Hasan, M.J., Rahman, M.H., Yeasmin, S.M., Farjana, N., Molla, M.H.R., & Parvez, M.S. (2020). Status, prospects and market potentials of the sea cucumber fisheries with special reference on their proper utilization and trade. Annual Research and Review in Biology, 35, 84-101. https://doi.org/https:// doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i730250 google scholar
  • Rakaj, A., Fianchini, A., Boncagni, P., Lovatelli, A., Scardi, M., & Cataudella, S. (2018). Spawning and rearing of Holothuria tubulosa: A new candidate for aquaculture in the Mediterranean region. Aquaculture Research, 49, 557-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13487 google scholar
  • Ram, R., Chand, R.V., & Southgate, P.C. (2014). Effects of processing methods on the value of beche-de-mer from the Fiji Islands. Journal of Marine Science: Research and Development, 4, 152. https://doi. org/https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000152 google scholar
  • Rogers, A., Hamel, J-F., Baker, S.M., & Mercier, A. (2018). The 2009-2016 Belize sea cucumber fishery: resource use patterns, management strategies and socioeconomic impacts. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 22, 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2018.05.003 google scholar
  • Tolon, T., Emiroğlu, D., Günay, D., & Saygı, H. (2015). Effect of sediment grain size on growth performance of juvenile sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 15, 555-559. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v15_2_43 google scholar
  • Toral-Granda,V., Lovatelli, A., & Vasconcellos, M. (2008). Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, No 516. Rome, Italy: FAO. google scholar
  • Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM) (2022). Annual export figures 2021. https://tim.org.tr/en/default (accessed 22 May 2022). google scholar
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2021). Trade and Development Report 2021. New York and Geneva, USA: United Nations Publications. google scholar
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2022). Impact and implications of COVID-19 for the ocean economy and trade strategy. New York and Geneva, USA: United Nations Publications. google scholar
  • Vidal-Hernândez, L., Canto-Lugo, E., Carmona-Escalante, A., Huerta-Quintanilla, R., Garza-Lagler, C., & Lopez-Rocha, J. (2019). Properties, communities and robustness in the Yucatan sea cucumber trade network. Ocean & Coastal Management, 168, 226-237. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.10.036 google scholar
  • Wirawati I., Jasmadi, Pratiwi R., Widyastuti E., & Ibrahim P.S. (2021). Commercial sea cucumber trading status in Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 14, 3204-3216. google scholar
  • World Trade Organization (WTO) (2021). World Trade Report 2021, Economic resilience and trade. Geneva, Switzerland: WTO Publications. google scholar
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Aydın 0000-0003-1163-6461

Kadir Aksay 0000-0003-4465-6506

Uğur Karadurmuş 0000-0002-5827-0404

Publication Date July 24, 2023
Submission Date April 3, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Aydın, M., Aksay, K., & Karadurmuş, U. (2023). Sea Cucumber Trade and Sustainability in Türkiye: Progress, Problems, and Opportunities. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 38(3), 180-188. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20231276000
AMA Aydın M, Aksay K, Karadurmuş U. Sea Cucumber Trade and Sustainability in Türkiye: Progress, Problems, and Opportunities. Aqua Sci Eng. July 2023;38(3):180-188. doi:10.26650/ASE20231276000
Chicago Aydın, Mehmet, Kadir Aksay, and Uğur Karadurmuş. “Sea Cucumber Trade and Sustainability in Türkiye: Progress, Problems, and Opportunities”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 38, no. 3 (July 2023): 180-88. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20231276000.
EndNote Aydın M, Aksay K, Karadurmuş U (July 1, 2023) Sea Cucumber Trade and Sustainability in Türkiye: Progress, Problems, and Opportunities. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 38 3 180–188.
IEEE M. Aydın, K. Aksay, and U. Karadurmuş, “Sea Cucumber Trade and Sustainability in Türkiye: Progress, Problems, and Opportunities”, Aqua Sci Eng, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 180–188, 2023, doi: 10.26650/ASE20231276000.
ISNAD Aydın, Mehmet et al. “Sea Cucumber Trade and Sustainability in Türkiye: Progress, Problems, and Opportunities”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 38/3 (July 2023), 180-188. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20231276000.
JAMA Aydın M, Aksay K, Karadurmuş U. Sea Cucumber Trade and Sustainability in Türkiye: Progress, Problems, and Opportunities. Aqua Sci Eng. 2023;38:180–188.
MLA Aydın, Mehmet et al. “Sea Cucumber Trade and Sustainability in Türkiye: Progress, Problems, and Opportunities”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, vol. 38, no. 3, 2023, pp. 180-8, doi:10.26650/ASE20231276000.
Vancouver Aydın M, Aksay K, Karadurmuş U. Sea Cucumber Trade and Sustainability in Türkiye: Progress, Problems, and Opportunities. Aqua Sci Eng. 2023;38(3):180-8.

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