Reproductive Biology of Bogue, Boops boops Linneaus, 1758 in the Aegean Sea and Sea of Marmara, Türkiye

Abstract

Bogue (Boops boops Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the most economic and common species in Türkiye. The bogue individuals were obtained monthly from the commercial catches of gillnet fisheries from May to August 2024 and purse seine fisheries from September 2024 to April 2024 around the Northern Aegean Sea and Southwest Sea of Marmara, Türkiye. The 378 total individuals consisted of 176 females, 201 males and 1 unspecified in the Aegean Sea. The 370 total individuals consisted of 214 females, 154 males and 2 individuals unspecified in the Sea of Marmara. The female:male ratio was calculated as 0.9:1.0 in the Aegean Sea and 1.4:1.0 in the Sea of Marmara. The total length and weight of individuals varied from 10.6 to 28.6 cm (17.52±0.15) and 8.1 to 236.86 g (54.20±2.43) in the Aegean Sea, respectively, and the total length was 10.8 to 28.5 cm (17.92±0.18) and the weight was 13.08 to 399.88 g (76.54±3.14) in the Sea of Marmara. The positive allometric growth was found for females, males and all sexes in both seas. The first maturity length was determined as 12.2 cm TL for females, 15.8 cm TL for males in the Aegean Sea, whereas it was 12.8 cm TL for females, 15.1 cm TL for males in the Sea of Marmara. The reproductive period is estimated between January and May in the Aegean Sea, while February to May in the Sea of Marmara. The total fecundity varied between 2770-85112 (mean:20021±2027) in the Sea of Marmara, while it was 2740-309457 (mean:42834±9194) in the Aegean Sea. As results of this study, some differences were determined in sex ratio, spawning period, and fecundity from the reproductive characteristics between the Sea of Marmara and Aegean Sea. Due to the limited scientific data on the reproductive biology of B.boops in Türkiye, the results of the present study should contribute to the strategic assessment, management, and sustainability of B.boops.

Keywords

• Length-weight relationship
• First maturity length
• Gonadosomatic index
• Fecundity
• Reproductive period

References

1. Andsoy, B. (2015). Some biological characteristics of the bogue (Boops boops Linnaeus, 1758) population which lives in the Edremit Bay of Aegean Sea. Balıkesir University, Türkiye (Master Thesis), 54 pp. google scholar
2. Andreu-Soler, A., Oliva-Paterna, F. J. & Torralva, M. (2006). A review of length- weight relationships of fish from the Segura River basin (SE Iberian Peninsula). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22, 295-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426. 2006.00719.x google scholar
3. Amira, S., Alioua, Z. & Harchouche, K. (2019). Gonadal development and fecundity of bogue Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758)(Sparidae) on the central Algerian coast. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 43(1), 12-29. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1805-44 google scholar
4. Aramayo, V. (2015). Lower selectivity can help heavily exploited fish populations. Fisheries Research, 172, 261-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2015.07.028 google scholar
5. Avşar, D. (2016). Balıkçılık Biyolojisi ve Popülasyon Dinamiği. AkademisYen Kitapevi, Ankara, 289 pp. (Turkish) google scholar
6. Azab, M. A., El-Far, M. A. & El-SaYed, M. A. (2019). Age, growth and population structure of bogue, Boops boops, in the Mediterranean waters front Alexandria, Egypt, Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 23(3), 69-81. https://doi.org/ 10.21608/ejabf.2019.35327 google scholar
7. Babauglu, A. O., Bayhan, B., Kara, A. & Acarlı, D. (2021). Length-weight relationships for 57 fish species of Bakircay River Estuary in Candarli Bay. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30(12), 13339-13342. google scholar
8. Bagenal T. B. (1978). Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwaters. IBP Handbook No. 3, Blackwell Scientific Publication, 3rd Edition, London, 300 p. google scholar

9. Bauchot, M. L. & Hureau, J. C. (1986). Sparidae. In P. J. P. Whitehead, M. L. Bauchot, J. C. Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (Ed), Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol 2. (pp. 883-907). Paris: UNESCO. google scholar
10. BaYhan, B. & Uncumusaoğlu, A. A. (2022). Length-weight and length-length relationships of the main commercial fish species in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea Coast of Turkey) / 2020-2021 Fishing Season. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 7(3), 380-384. https://doi.org/10.35229/ jaes.1115364 google scholar
11. Bilge, G. (2008). The bio-ecological characteristics of bogue (Boops boops L,, 1758) in Aegean Sea, Ege University, Izmir, (Doctoral dissertation), 153 pp. google scholar
12. Bottari, T., Micale, V., Liguori, M., Rinelli, P., Busalacchi, B., Bonfiglio, R. & Ragonese, S. (2014). The reproductive biology of Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758)(Teleostei: Sparidae) in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea (central Mediterranean). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 55(2), 281-292. https://doi.org/10.21411/CBM.A.EDD4CAB2 google scholar
13. Cengiz, O., Parug, S. S. & KizilkaYa, B. (2019). Weight-length relationship and reproduction of bogue (Boops boops Linnaeus, 1758) in Saros BaY (Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey). KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 22(4), 577-582. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.516700 google scholar
14. Cengiz, O. (2022). Some biological aspects of bogue Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) from Saros Bay (Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey. The Palawan Scientist, 14(1), 22-34, google scholar
15. Ceyhan, T., Ertosluk, O., Akyol, O. & Özgül, A. (2018). Maximum size of bogue, Boops boops (Perciformes: Sparidae) for the Mediterranean. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 14(4), 399-403. https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.463612 google scholar
16. Dahel, A. T., Rachedi, M., Tahri, M., Benchikh, N., Diaf, A. & B Djebar, A. (2019). Fisheries status of the bogue Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) in Algerian East Coast (Western Mediterranean Sea). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 23(4), 577-589. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2019.60554 google scholar
17. De Roos, A. M., Boukal, D. S. & Persson, L. (2006). Evolutionary regime shifts in age and size at maturation of exploited fish stocks. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 273(1596), 1873-1880. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006. 3518 google scholar
18. Dobroslavic, T., Mozara, R., Glamuzina, B. & Bartulovic, V. (2017). Reproductive patterns of bogue, Boops boops (Sparidae), in the southeastern Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 58(1), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.32582/aa.58.1.9 google scholar
19. El-Agamy, A., Zaki, M. I., Awad, G. S. & Negm, R. K. (2004). Reproductive biologY of Boops boops (Family Sparidae) in the Mediterranean environment. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 30, 241-254. google scholar
20. El-Okda, N. (2008). Age and growth of Boops boops (L.) from EgYptian Mediterranean waters off Alexandria. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 12(1), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2008.1968 google scholar
21. El Samman, A., Ragheb, E. & Philips, A. E. (2022). Some biological aspects and population status of the bogue, Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758)(Teleostei: Sparidae) caught bY gillnets from the EgYptian Mediterranean waters off Alexandria. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 26(6), 229-242. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2022.271923 google scholar
22. Farah, L. I. & Mavruk, S. (2024). Feeding, growth and mortalitY of Bogue (Boops boops (L. 1758)) in the Eastern Mediterranean Coasts of Turkiye. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 40(3), 1389-1399. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s41208-024-00749-4 google scholar
23. Gaillet, G., Anne-Claire. A. & Aurore, W. (2022). Sustainable fisheries: towards operationalization of decision making accounting for biodiversity. Journal of Cleaner Production, 362, 132103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132103 google scholar
24. Gebremedhin, S., Bruneel, S., Getahun, A., Anteneh, W. & Goethals, P. (2021). Scientific methods to understand fish population dYnamics and support sustainable fisheries management. Water, 13(4), 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040574 google scholar
25. Gibson, R. N. & Ezzi, I. A. (1980). The biology of the scaldfish, Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum) on the West Coast of Scotland. Journal of Fish Biology, 17, 565-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02788.x google scholar
26. Gordo, L. S. (1996). On the fecunditY of the bogue, Boops boops (L., 1758), from the Portuguese coast. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 12(1), 27-30. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1439-0426.1996.tb00055.x google scholar
27. Handjar, H., Guendouzi, Y., Niar, A., Kara, H. & Benhalima, M. (2022). Stock status of the bogue Boops boops (Walbaum, 1792) in Algerian West Coast (Southwestern Mediterranean Sea). Regional Studies in Marine Science, 56, 102727. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102727 google scholar
28. Hassan, M. W. A. (1990). Comparative biological studies between species of family Sparidae, Boops boops and Boops salpa in Egyptian Mediterrenean waters. Alexandria UniversitY, Alexandria, (Doctoral dissertation). google scholar
29. Htun-Han, M. (1978). The reproductive biology of the dab Limanda limanda (L.) in the North Sea: gonosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and condition factor. Journal of Fish Biology, 13(3), 369-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978. tb03445.x google scholar
30. Holden, M. J. & Raitt, D. F. S. (1974). Manual of fisheries science. Part 2: Methods ofresource investigation and their application. FAO Fisheries Technical Report., 115:Rev. 1 Rome, Italy. google scholar
31. Hossain, M. Y., Ahmed, Z. F., Leunda, P. M., Roksanul, A. K., Jasmine, S., Oscoz, J., Miranda, R. & Ohtomi, J. (2006). Length-weight and length-length relationships of some small indigenous fish species from the Mathabhanga River, southwestern Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22, 301-303. https://doi.org/10. 1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00801.x google scholar
32. Ismen, A., Özen, O., Altınağaç, U., Özekinci, U. & Ayaz, A. (2007). Weight-length relationships of 63 fish species in Saros Bay, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 23, 707-708. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00872.x google scholar
33. İnnal, D. (2019). Structure of estuary fish stocks and environmental factors. The Journal of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 6(1), 36-42. google scholar
34. IBM Corp, (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY, USA. google scholar
35. Jprgensen, C., Dunlop, E. S., Opdal, A. F. & Fiksen, 0. (2008). The evolution of spawning migrations: state dependence and fshing-induced changes. Ecology, 89(12), 3436-3448. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1469.1 google scholar
36. Kalıpcı, E., Başer, V., Türkmen, M., Genç, N. & Cüce, H. (2021). Analysis of sea water temperature change on the coast of Turkey with GIS and Evaluation of its ecological effects. Journal of Natural Hazards and Environment, 7(2), 278-288. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.829938 google scholar
37. Kara, A. & Bayhan, B. (2008). Length-weight and length-length relationships of the bogue Boops boops (Linneaus, 1758) in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea of Turkey). Belgian Journal of Zoology, 138(2), 154-157. google scholar
38. Kara, A. & Bayhan, B. (2015). Age and growth of Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) in Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea, TurkeY. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 31(4), 620-626. https:// doi.org/10.1111/jai.12680 google scholar
39. Kara, A., Saglam, C., Acarli, D. & Cengiz, Ö. (2018). Length-weight relationships for 48 fish species of the Gediz estuarY, in Izmir BaY (Central Aegean Sea, Turkey), Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 98(4), 879-884. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315416001879 google scholar
40. Kasalica, O., Regner, S. & Durovic, M. (2011). Some aspects of the biologY of the bogue, Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) in Montenegrin waters (South Adriatic Sea). Studia Marina, 25(1), 59-72. Retrieved from https://www.ucg.ac.me/ skladiste/blog_1223/objava_9634/fajlovi/Some%20aspects%20of%20the%20 biologY%20of%20the%20bogue.pdf google scholar
41. Koca, H. U. (2023). Age, growth, and mortality of Bogue (Boops boops, Linnaeus, 1758) from the Antalya BaY (Northwest Mediterranean Sea, Türkiye). Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh, 75(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.84080 google scholar
42. LaYachi, M., Idrissi, M. H., Ramdani, M., Sahnouni, F. & Flower, R. (2015). Growth and reproduction of the bogue Boops boops L., 1758 in the Mediterranean coastal area between Nador and Sidia (Morocco). Bulletin de L’Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Section Sciences de la Vie, 37, 53-59. google scholar
43. Le Cren, E. D. (1951). The length-weight relationship and seasonal cYcle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). The Journal of Animal Ecology, 201-219. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540 google scholar
44. Olim, S. & Borges, T. C. (2006). Weight-length relationships for eight species of the familY Triglidae discarded on the South coast of Portugal. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22, 257-259. https://doi.Org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00644.x google scholar
45. Otero, M., Garrabou, J. & Vargas, M. (2013). Mediterranean marine protected areas and climate change: A guide to regional monitoring and adaptation opportunities. Malaga, Spain, IUCN. 52s. google scholar
46. Manasirli, M., Avsar, D., Yeldan, H., Cicek, E. & Ozyurt, C. E. (2006). Estimation of growth, mortality and the exploitation rate of the bougue (Boops Boops Linnaeus, 1758) population from the Babadillimani (Mersin) Bight. E,U, Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 23(3), 461-463. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas. 2006.23.3.5000156862 google scholar
47. Massaro, A. & Pajuelo, J. G. (2018). Life-history traits of seabream Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) in the central eastern Atlantic Ocean (CanarY Islands). African Journal of Marine Science, 40(4), 423-437. https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X. 2018.1543133 google scholar
48. Mokbel, S. A., Attia, S., Abd Elnabi, H. E., El Aiatt, A. & Khalid, D. K. (2024). Growth, mortality and Yield per recruit of the Bogue Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Mediterranean Coast, North Sinai, EgYpt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 28(3), 693-707. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2024.360281 google scholar
49. Monteiro, P., Bentes, L., Coelho, R., Correia, C., Gonçalves, J. M. S., Lino, P. G., Ribeiro, J. & Erzini, K. (2006). Age and growth, mortalitY, reproduction and relative yield per recruit of the bogue, Boops Boops Linne, 1758 (Sparidae), from the Algarve (south of Portugal) longline fishery. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22(5), 345-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00756.x google scholar
50. Pineiro, C. & Saınza, M. (2003). Age estimation, growth and maturity of the European hake, Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) from Iberian Atlantic waters. ICES Journal of Manine Science, 60(5), 1086-1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-3139 (03)00086-9 google scholar
51. Rachid, B., Salim, M. & Zitouni, B. (2014). Estimation of the exploitable biomass and the reference biological point, F0.1, of bogue Boops Boops L., in the Bay of Bou-Ismail, centre Algerian. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 5(2), 420-427. google scholar
52. Ricker, W. E. (1975). Computation and interpretation of Biological statistics of fish populations. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 191, Ottawa, Canada. google scholar
53. Riesch, R., Martin, R. A. & Langerhans, R. B. (2020). Multiple traits and multifarious environments: Integrated divergence of morphology and life history. Oikos, 129, 480-492. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.06344 google scholar
54. Seyhan Öztürk, D. (2024). Length-weight relationships and growth parameters of Bogue, Boops Boops, (Linnaeus, 1758) from Didim, South-eastern Aegean Sea. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 9(2), 221-226. https:// doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1440734 google scholar
55. Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. (1987) Biostatistics. Francise & Co, New York, USA. google scholar
56. Soykan, O., Ilkyaz, A. T., Metin, G., & Kınacıgil, H. T. (2015). Growth and reproduction of Boops Boops, Dentex macrophthalmus, Diplodus vulgaris, and Pagellus acarne (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Sparidae) from east-central Aegean Sea, Turkey. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 45, 39-55. https://doi.org/10.3750/AIP 2015.45.1.05 google scholar
57. Şen, Y., Özekinci, U. & Kalemli, C. (2024). Length-weight relationships of teleost fish species caught in gillnets as non-target in the Southwest Marmara Sea. Acta Biologica Turcica, 37(4), 1-7. Retrieved from https://actabiologicaturcica.com/ index.php/abt/article/view/1062 google scholar
58. Tesch, F. W. (1971). Age and growth. In W. E. Ricker (Ed.), Methods for assessment of fish production in fresh waters (pp. 98-130). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. google scholar
59. Trippel, E. A. (1995). Age at maturity as a stress indicator in fisheries. Bioscience, 45, 759-771. https://doi.org/10.2307/1312628 google scholar
60. TUIK, (2024). Turkish Statistical Institute, Fishery Statistic. Retrieved from https:// biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?locale=tr google scholar
61. Vinagre, C. & Cabral, H.N. (2015) Life-history traits in flatfishes. In R. N. Gibson, R. Nash, A. Geffen, & Van der Veer (Ed), Flatfishes: biology and exploitation, 2. Baskı, Wiley Blackwell (pp. 83-96). google scholar
62. Vuorinen, K. E., Oksanen, T., Oksanen, L., Vuorisalo, T. & Speed, J. D. (2021). Why don't all species overexploit?. Oikos, 130(11), 1835-1848. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik. 08358 google scholar
63. Zar, J. H. (1999). Biostatistical analysis (4th ed.). Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, google scholar