Research Article
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Year 2020, , 43 - 51, 13.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2020646725

Abstract

Supporting Institution

Trakya Üniversitesi

Project Number

2018/154

References

  • Ács, É., Szabó, K., Tóth, B. & Kiss, K. T. (2004). Investıgatıon of benthıc algal communıtıes, especıally dıatoms of some Hungarian streams ın connectıon wıth reference conditions of the water framework dırectıves. Acta Botanica Hungarica, 46(3-4), 255–277. [CrossRef]
  • Atici, T. & Obali, O. (2006). Seasonal Variation of Phytoplankton and Value of Chlorophyll a in the Sarıyar Dam Reservoir (Ankara, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 30, 349–357.
  • Atici, T. & Obali, O. (2010). The diatoms of Asartepe Dam Lake (Ankara), with environmental and some physicochemical properties. Turkish Journal of Botany, 34, 541–548.
  • Atıcı, T., Tokatlı, C. & Çiçek, A. (2018). Diatoms of Seydisuyu Stream Basin (Turkey) and Assessment of Water Quality by Statistical and Biological Approaches. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 36(1), 271-288.
  • Atici, T. & Udoh, A. (2016). Indicator Algae of Adrasan Stream (Antalya) Turkey. Sinop Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 1, 140–154.
  • Aydın, G. Ş. & Büyükışık, B. (2014). Effects on The Species Specific Variables Nutrient Pulses: Thalassiosira allenii (Takano). Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 11(3), 82–90.
  • Compton, J. C. (2011). Diatoms: Ecology & Life Cycle. Nova Science Publishers, 329 pp.
  • Coste, M., Boutry, S., Tison-Rosebery, J. & Delmas, F. (2009). Improvements of the Biological Diatom Index (BDI): Description and efficiency of the new version (BDI-2006). Ecological Indicators, 9, 621–650. [CrossRef]
  • Cox, E. J. (1996). Identification of Freswater Diatoms from Live Material. Chapman & Hall, First Edition, 158 pp.
  • Delgado, C., Pardo, I. & García, L. (2012). Diatom communities as indicators of ecological status in Mediterranean temporary streams (Balearic Islands, Spain). Ecological Indicators, 15, 131–139. [CrossRef]
  • EC (European Communities) (2006). EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 6 September 2006 on the quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life. Directive 2006/44.
  • EC (European Communities) (2007). European Communities (drinking water) (no. 2), Regulatıons 2007, S.I. No. 278 of 2007.
  • Erkmen, B. & Kolankaya, D. (2006). Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in water, sediment, and fish samples from the Meriç Delta, Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 86(1-2), 161–169. [CrossRef]
  • Gomà, J., Ortiz, R., Cambra, J. & Ector, L. (2004). Water quality evaluation in Catalonian Mediterranean Rivers using epilithic diatoms as bioindicators. Vie Milieu, 54, 81-90.
  • Gürbüz, H., Kivrak, E. (2002). Use of epilithic diatoms to evaluate water quality in the Karasu River of Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 23(3), 239–246.
  • Kalyoncu, H., Çiçek, N. L., Akköz, C. & Yorulmaz, B. (2009). Comparative performance of diatom indices in aquatic pollution assessment. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(10), 1032–1040.
  • Kendirli, B., Çakmak, B. & Gökalp, Z. (2005). Assessment of Water Quality Management in Turkey. Water International, 30(4), 446–455. [CrossRef]
  • Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1986). Bacillariophyceae. 1. Teil: Naviculaceae. Süßwasser von mitteleuropa, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Band 2-1, Stuttgart.
  • Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1988). Bacillariophyceae. 2. Teil: Bacillariophyceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Süßwasser von mitteleuropa, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Band 2-2, Stuttgart.
  • Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991a). Bacillariophyceae. 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Süßwasser von mitteleuropa, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Band 2-3, Stuttgart. Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991b). Bacillariophyceae. 4. Teil: Achnantheceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lincolatae) und Gomphonema, Cesamptliteraturverzeichnis. Süßwasser von mitteleuropa. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Band 2-4, Stuttgart.
  • Lenoir, A. & Coste, M. (1996). Development of a practical diatom index of overall water quality applicable to the French national water board network. In: B. A. Whitton and E. Rott (Eds.), Use of Algae for Monitoring Rivers, II. Institut fur Botanik. Univ. Innsbruck 29–43.
  • Manahan, S. E. (2011). Water Chemistry: Green Science and Technology of Nature’s Most Renewable Resource. Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, 398 pages. [CrossRef]
  • Martín, G., Toja, J., Sala, S. E., Fernández, M. R., Reyes, I. & Casco, M. A. (2010). Application of diatom biotic indices in the Guadalquivir River Basin, a Mediterranean basin. Which one is the most appropriated? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 170, 519–534. [CrossRef]
  • Pham, T.L. (2017). Comparison between Water Quality Index (WQI) and biological indices, based on planktonic diatom for water quality assessment in the Dong Nai River, Vietnam. Pollution, 3(2), 311–323.
  • Round, F. E. (1993). A Reviev and Methods for The Use of Epilithic Diatoms for Detecting and Monitorin Changes in River Water Quality. HMSO, London.
  • Round, F. E., Crawford, R. M., Mann, D. G. (1990). The Diatoms: Biology and Morphology of the Genera. Cambridge University Press, 751 pp. Sladeckova, A. (1962). Limnological investigation methods for periphyton (Aufwusch) community. Botanical Review, 28, 286–350. [CrossRef]
  • Solak, C. N. (2011). The application of diatom indices in the Upper Porsuk River, Kütahya – Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11(1), 31–36. [CrossRef]
  • Solak, C. N., Fehér, G., Barlas, M. & Pabuçcu, K. (2007). Use of epilithic diatoms to evaluate water quality of Akçay Stream (Büyük Menderes River) in Mugla/Turkey. Large Rivers, 17, 327–338. [CrossRef]
  • Solak, C. N. & Acs, E. (2011). Water Quality Monitoring in European and Turkish Rivers Using Diatoms. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11, 329–337. [CrossRef]
  • Szulc, B. & Szulc, K. (2013). The use of the Biological Diatom Index (BDI) for the assessment of water quality in the Pilica River, Poland. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 42(2), 188–194. [CrossRef]
  • Tan, X., Zhang, Q., Burford, M. A., Sheldon, F. & Bunn, S. E. (2017). Benthic Diatom Based Indices for Water Quality Assessment in Two Subtropical Streams. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 601. [CrossRef]
  • Taylor, J. C., Harding, W. R. & Archibald, C. G. M. (2007). An illustrated guide to some common diatom species from South Africa. Report to the water research commission. Tokatlı, C. (2012). Sucul Sistemlerin İzlenmesinde Bazı Diyatome İndekslerinin Kullanılması: Gürleyik Çayı Örneği (Eskişehir). Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29, 19–26.
  • Tokatlı, C. (2013). Evaluation of Water Quality by Using Trophic Diatom Index: Example of Porsuk Dam Lake. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 7, 1–4.
  • Tokatlı, C. (2015). Assessment of the Water Quality in the Meriç River: As an Element of the Ecosystem in the Thrace Region of Turkey. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 24(5), 2205–2211. [CrossRef]
  • Tokatlı, C. (2017). Bio – Ecological and Statistical Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals in Sediments of a Worldwide Important Wetland: Gala Lake National Park (Turkey). Archives of Environmental Protection, 43(1), 34–47. [CrossRef]
  • Tokatlı, C. (2019). Water and Sediment Quality Assessment of the Lifeblood of Thrace Region (Turkey): Meriç River Basin. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(5), 4131–4140.
  • Tokatlı, C. & Baştatlı, Y. (2016). Trace and Toxic Element Levels in River Sediments. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 25(4), 1715–1720. [CrossRef]
  • Tokatlı, C. & Dayıoğlu, H. (2011). Use of Epilithic Diatoms to Evaluate Water Quality of Murat Stream (Sakarya River Basin, Kütahya): Different Saprobity Levels and pH Status. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 5(2), 55–60.
  • Tokatlı, C., Köse, E. & Çiçek, A. (2014). Assessment of the Effects of Large Borate Deposits on Surface Water Quality by Multi Statistical Approaches: A Case Study of the Seydisuyu Stream (Turkey). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 23(5), 1741–1751.
  • Tokatlı, C., Solak, C. N., Yılmaz, E., Atıcı, T., Dayıoğlu, H. (2020). A Research on Epipelic Diatoms of Meriç and Tunca Rivers and Application of Biological Diatom Index for Water Quality Assessment. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 35(1), 19–26. [CrossRef]
  • Torrisi, M. & Dell’uomo, A. (2006). Biological monitoring of some Apennine rivers (Central Italy) using the diatom-based Eutrophication/ Pollution Index (EPI-D) compared to other European diatom indices. Diatom Research, 21, 159–174. [CrossRef]
  • TS 266 (2005). Sular-İnsani tüketim amaçlı sular. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, ICS 13.060.20.
  • Turkish Regulations, 2015. Yüzeysel Su Kalitesi Yönetimi Yönetmeliği, 15 Nisan 2015 tarihli Resmi Gazete, Sayı: 29327. Uslu, O. & Türkman, A. (1987). Su Kirliliği ve Kontrolü. T.C. Başbakanlık Çevre Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Eğitim Dizisi I, Ankara.
  • Wetzel, R. G. (2001). Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. Elsevier Academic Press, 1006 pages.
  • WHO (World Health Organization) (2011). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization Library Cataloguing-inPublication Data, NLM classification: WA 675.
  • Zelinka, M. & Marvan, P. (1961). Zur Präzisierung der biologischen klassifikation der Reinheit flieβender Gewässer. Archiv fuβr Hydrobiologie, 57, 389–407.

Water Quality Assessment by Means of Bio-Indication: A Case Study of Ergene River Using Biological Diatom Index

Year 2020, , 43 - 51, 13.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2020646725

Abstract

The Ergene River is the most significant fluvial ecosystem located in the Thrace Region of Turkey. But it is being exposed to an intensive organic – inorganic pollution by means of agricultural – industrial applications conducted around its basin. In this research, the epipelic (EPP) diatoms of the Ergene River were investigated and the water quality was evaluated using the determined physical, chemical and biological data. EPP diatom samples were collected from upstream, middlestream and downstream of the Ergene River and certain physicochemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, turbidity, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, sulphate, fluoride, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and oxidation-reduction potential) were measured during the field – laboratory studies. Also, the Biological Diatom Index (BDI) was used to determine the trophic status of the Ergene River in terms of EPP diatoms. According to the results of the physicochemical analysis, upstream of the Ergene River has Class I – II water quality and middle – downstream of the Ergene River have Class III – IV water quality in general. According to the results of the biological analysis, 24 diatom species were recorded in the upstream samples, 4 diatom species were recorded in the middlestream samples. and 7 diatom species were recorded in the downstream samples. Cymbopleura amphicephala (Nägeli) Krammer, Nitzschia umbonata (Ehrenberg) Lange-Bertalot and Nitzschia capitellata Hustedt were determined as the most dominant species in the up – middle – downstream of Ergene River respectively. According to the result of the BDI, the upstream of Ergene River was found to be in an oligotrophic state – has high water quality and the middle – downstream of Ergene River were found to be in a eutrophic state – have poor water quality.

Project Number

2018/154

References

  • Ács, É., Szabó, K., Tóth, B. & Kiss, K. T. (2004). Investıgatıon of benthıc algal communıtıes, especıally dıatoms of some Hungarian streams ın connectıon wıth reference conditions of the water framework dırectıves. Acta Botanica Hungarica, 46(3-4), 255–277. [CrossRef]
  • Atici, T. & Obali, O. (2006). Seasonal Variation of Phytoplankton and Value of Chlorophyll a in the Sarıyar Dam Reservoir (Ankara, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 30, 349–357.
  • Atici, T. & Obali, O. (2010). The diatoms of Asartepe Dam Lake (Ankara), with environmental and some physicochemical properties. Turkish Journal of Botany, 34, 541–548.
  • Atıcı, T., Tokatlı, C. & Çiçek, A. (2018). Diatoms of Seydisuyu Stream Basin (Turkey) and Assessment of Water Quality by Statistical and Biological Approaches. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 36(1), 271-288.
  • Atici, T. & Udoh, A. (2016). Indicator Algae of Adrasan Stream (Antalya) Turkey. Sinop Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 1, 140–154.
  • Aydın, G. Ş. & Büyükışık, B. (2014). Effects on The Species Specific Variables Nutrient Pulses: Thalassiosira allenii (Takano). Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 11(3), 82–90.
  • Compton, J. C. (2011). Diatoms: Ecology & Life Cycle. Nova Science Publishers, 329 pp.
  • Coste, M., Boutry, S., Tison-Rosebery, J. & Delmas, F. (2009). Improvements of the Biological Diatom Index (BDI): Description and efficiency of the new version (BDI-2006). Ecological Indicators, 9, 621–650. [CrossRef]
  • Cox, E. J. (1996). Identification of Freswater Diatoms from Live Material. Chapman & Hall, First Edition, 158 pp.
  • Delgado, C., Pardo, I. & García, L. (2012). Diatom communities as indicators of ecological status in Mediterranean temporary streams (Balearic Islands, Spain). Ecological Indicators, 15, 131–139. [CrossRef]
  • EC (European Communities) (2006). EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 6 September 2006 on the quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life. Directive 2006/44.
  • EC (European Communities) (2007). European Communities (drinking water) (no. 2), Regulatıons 2007, S.I. No. 278 of 2007.
  • Erkmen, B. & Kolankaya, D. (2006). Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in water, sediment, and fish samples from the Meriç Delta, Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 86(1-2), 161–169. [CrossRef]
  • Gomà, J., Ortiz, R., Cambra, J. & Ector, L. (2004). Water quality evaluation in Catalonian Mediterranean Rivers using epilithic diatoms as bioindicators. Vie Milieu, 54, 81-90.
  • Gürbüz, H., Kivrak, E. (2002). Use of epilithic diatoms to evaluate water quality in the Karasu River of Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 23(3), 239–246.
  • Kalyoncu, H., Çiçek, N. L., Akköz, C. & Yorulmaz, B. (2009). Comparative performance of diatom indices in aquatic pollution assessment. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(10), 1032–1040.
  • Kendirli, B., Çakmak, B. & Gökalp, Z. (2005). Assessment of Water Quality Management in Turkey. Water International, 30(4), 446–455. [CrossRef]
  • Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1986). Bacillariophyceae. 1. Teil: Naviculaceae. Süßwasser von mitteleuropa, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Band 2-1, Stuttgart.
  • Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1988). Bacillariophyceae. 2. Teil: Bacillariophyceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Süßwasser von mitteleuropa, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Band 2-2, Stuttgart.
  • Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991a). Bacillariophyceae. 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Süßwasser von mitteleuropa, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Band 2-3, Stuttgart. Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991b). Bacillariophyceae. 4. Teil: Achnantheceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lincolatae) und Gomphonema, Cesamptliteraturverzeichnis. Süßwasser von mitteleuropa. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Band 2-4, Stuttgart.
  • Lenoir, A. & Coste, M. (1996). Development of a practical diatom index of overall water quality applicable to the French national water board network. In: B. A. Whitton and E. Rott (Eds.), Use of Algae for Monitoring Rivers, II. Institut fur Botanik. Univ. Innsbruck 29–43.
  • Manahan, S. E. (2011). Water Chemistry: Green Science and Technology of Nature’s Most Renewable Resource. Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, 398 pages. [CrossRef]
  • Martín, G., Toja, J., Sala, S. E., Fernández, M. R., Reyes, I. & Casco, M. A. (2010). Application of diatom biotic indices in the Guadalquivir River Basin, a Mediterranean basin. Which one is the most appropriated? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 170, 519–534. [CrossRef]
  • Pham, T.L. (2017). Comparison between Water Quality Index (WQI) and biological indices, based on planktonic diatom for water quality assessment in the Dong Nai River, Vietnam. Pollution, 3(2), 311–323.
  • Round, F. E. (1993). A Reviev and Methods for The Use of Epilithic Diatoms for Detecting and Monitorin Changes in River Water Quality. HMSO, London.
  • Round, F. E., Crawford, R. M., Mann, D. G. (1990). The Diatoms: Biology and Morphology of the Genera. Cambridge University Press, 751 pp. Sladeckova, A. (1962). Limnological investigation methods for periphyton (Aufwusch) community. Botanical Review, 28, 286–350. [CrossRef]
  • Solak, C. N. (2011). The application of diatom indices in the Upper Porsuk River, Kütahya – Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11(1), 31–36. [CrossRef]
  • Solak, C. N., Fehér, G., Barlas, M. & Pabuçcu, K. (2007). Use of epilithic diatoms to evaluate water quality of Akçay Stream (Büyük Menderes River) in Mugla/Turkey. Large Rivers, 17, 327–338. [CrossRef]
  • Solak, C. N. & Acs, E. (2011). Water Quality Monitoring in European and Turkish Rivers Using Diatoms. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11, 329–337. [CrossRef]
  • Szulc, B. & Szulc, K. (2013). The use of the Biological Diatom Index (BDI) for the assessment of water quality in the Pilica River, Poland. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 42(2), 188–194. [CrossRef]
  • Tan, X., Zhang, Q., Burford, M. A., Sheldon, F. & Bunn, S. E. (2017). Benthic Diatom Based Indices for Water Quality Assessment in Two Subtropical Streams. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 601. [CrossRef]
  • Taylor, J. C., Harding, W. R. & Archibald, C. G. M. (2007). An illustrated guide to some common diatom species from South Africa. Report to the water research commission. Tokatlı, C. (2012). Sucul Sistemlerin İzlenmesinde Bazı Diyatome İndekslerinin Kullanılması: Gürleyik Çayı Örneği (Eskişehir). Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29, 19–26.
  • Tokatlı, C. (2013). Evaluation of Water Quality by Using Trophic Diatom Index: Example of Porsuk Dam Lake. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 7, 1–4.
  • Tokatlı, C. (2015). Assessment of the Water Quality in the Meriç River: As an Element of the Ecosystem in the Thrace Region of Turkey. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 24(5), 2205–2211. [CrossRef]
  • Tokatlı, C. (2017). Bio – Ecological and Statistical Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals in Sediments of a Worldwide Important Wetland: Gala Lake National Park (Turkey). Archives of Environmental Protection, 43(1), 34–47. [CrossRef]
  • Tokatlı, C. (2019). Water and Sediment Quality Assessment of the Lifeblood of Thrace Region (Turkey): Meriç River Basin. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(5), 4131–4140.
  • Tokatlı, C. & Baştatlı, Y. (2016). Trace and Toxic Element Levels in River Sediments. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 25(4), 1715–1720. [CrossRef]
  • Tokatlı, C. & Dayıoğlu, H. (2011). Use of Epilithic Diatoms to Evaluate Water Quality of Murat Stream (Sakarya River Basin, Kütahya): Different Saprobity Levels and pH Status. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 5(2), 55–60.
  • Tokatlı, C., Köse, E. & Çiçek, A. (2014). Assessment of the Effects of Large Borate Deposits on Surface Water Quality by Multi Statistical Approaches: A Case Study of the Seydisuyu Stream (Turkey). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 23(5), 1741–1751.
  • Tokatlı, C., Solak, C. N., Yılmaz, E., Atıcı, T., Dayıoğlu, H. (2020). A Research on Epipelic Diatoms of Meriç and Tunca Rivers and Application of Biological Diatom Index for Water Quality Assessment. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 35(1), 19–26. [CrossRef]
  • Torrisi, M. & Dell’uomo, A. (2006). Biological monitoring of some Apennine rivers (Central Italy) using the diatom-based Eutrophication/ Pollution Index (EPI-D) compared to other European diatom indices. Diatom Research, 21, 159–174. [CrossRef]
  • TS 266 (2005). Sular-İnsani tüketim amaçlı sular. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, ICS 13.060.20.
  • Turkish Regulations, 2015. Yüzeysel Su Kalitesi Yönetimi Yönetmeliği, 15 Nisan 2015 tarihli Resmi Gazete, Sayı: 29327. Uslu, O. & Türkman, A. (1987). Su Kirliliği ve Kontrolü. T.C. Başbakanlık Çevre Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Eğitim Dizisi I, Ankara.
  • Wetzel, R. G. (2001). Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. Elsevier Academic Press, 1006 pages.
  • WHO (World Health Organization) (2011). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization Library Cataloguing-inPublication Data, NLM classification: WA 675.
  • Zelinka, M. & Marvan, P. (1961). Zur Präzisierung der biologischen klassifikation der Reinheit flieβender Gewässer. Archiv fuβr Hydrobiologie, 57, 389–407.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Cem Tokatlı 0000-0003-2080-7920

Cüneyd Nadir Solak 0000-0003-2334-4271

Elif Yılmaz This is me 0000-0002-7814-3429

Project Number 2018/154
Publication Date March 13, 2020
Submission Date November 14, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Tokatlı, C., Solak, C. N., & Yılmaz, E. (2020). Water Quality Assessment by Means of Bio-Indication: A Case Study of Ergene River Using Biological Diatom Index. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 35(2), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2020646725
AMA Tokatlı C, Solak CN, Yılmaz E. Water Quality Assessment by Means of Bio-Indication: A Case Study of Ergene River Using Biological Diatom Index. Aqua Sci Eng. March 2020;35(2):43-51. doi:10.26650/ASE2020646725
Chicago Tokatlı, Cem, Cüneyd Nadir Solak, and Elif Yılmaz. “Water Quality Assessment by Means of Bio-Indication: A Case Study of Ergene River Using Biological Diatom Index”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 35, no. 2 (March 2020): 43-51. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2020646725.
EndNote Tokatlı C, Solak CN, Yılmaz E (March 1, 2020) Water Quality Assessment by Means of Bio-Indication: A Case Study of Ergene River Using Biological Diatom Index. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 35 2 43–51.
IEEE C. Tokatlı, C. N. Solak, and E. Yılmaz, “Water Quality Assessment by Means of Bio-Indication: A Case Study of Ergene River Using Biological Diatom Index”, Aqua Sci Eng, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 43–51, 2020, doi: 10.26650/ASE2020646725.
ISNAD Tokatlı, Cem et al. “Water Quality Assessment by Means of Bio-Indication: A Case Study of Ergene River Using Biological Diatom Index”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 35/2 (March 2020), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2020646725.
JAMA Tokatlı C, Solak CN, Yılmaz E. Water Quality Assessment by Means of Bio-Indication: A Case Study of Ergene River Using Biological Diatom Index. Aqua Sci Eng. 2020;35:43–51.
MLA Tokatlı, Cem et al. “Water Quality Assessment by Means of Bio-Indication: A Case Study of Ergene River Using Biological Diatom Index”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, vol. 35, no. 2, 2020, pp. 43-51, doi:10.26650/ASE2020646725.
Vancouver Tokatlı C, Solak CN, Yılmaz E. Water Quality Assessment by Means of Bio-Indication: A Case Study of Ergene River Using Biological Diatom Index. Aqua Sci Eng. 2020;35(2):43-51.

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