Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Water Scarcity of Jordan in the Context of the Effects of Syrian Refugees

Year 2018, , 12 - 26, 31.01.2018
https://doi.org/10.17067/asm.329947

Abstract

Due to long-term effects of climate change, population growth, some
conflicts and refugee crisis, Jordan is up against increased water shortage. Moreover, Having the lowest amount of water in the world and having the largest number of
Syrian refugees per capita is a major problem for Jordan's water resources.
Population growth and climate change, especially in this region, cause more
uncertain and variable rainfall. Therefore, it is predicted that the water shortage will
become an even bigger problem in the next two decades. In addition, quality and
quantity of water have important effects on health and environment. Assessment of
these effects against alternative water management and productivity strategies in
light of costs of policy and economic development issues can be optimized use of
scarce resource.
In this dissertation, the water scarcity in Jordan and especially the effect of
refugees on this situation has been discussed. Put it in a different way, the
inadequacy of water resources in Jordan has been addressed and the importance of
protecting the water has been emphasized. It has been achieved that sustainable and
effective water management will be possible without ignoring the number of
refugees and possible migration stream. The assessments have shown that both
water stress can cause conflicts between communities and states in the region and
also processes of struggle with water stress and drought cannot be completed
without cooperation in the Middle East.

References

  • 1. Ammary, B. Y. (2007). Wastewaterreuse in Jordan: Presentstatusandfutureplans. Desalination, 211(1-3), 164-176.
  • 2. Al-Zu’bi, M. (2016). Jordan’sclimatechangegovernanceframework: fromsilosto an intersectoralapproach. Environment SystemsandDecisions, 36(3), 277-301.
  • 3. Bingöl, O. Krizlerin Uluslararasılaşması: Rejime Karşı Protestolardan Bölgesel Çatışmaya Suriye Örneği.
  • 4. Bismuth, C. (2016). WaterResources, CooperationandPowerAsymmetries in theWater Management of theLower Jordan Valley: TheSituationTodayandthePaththat Has LedThere. InSociety-Water-Technology(pp. 189-204). Springer International Publishing.
  • 5. Carr, G., Potter, R. B., &Nortcliff, S. (2011). Waterreuseforirrigation in Jordan: Perceptions of waterqualityamongfarmers. AgriculturalWater Management, 98, 847-854.
  • 6. Cervigni R.andNaberH., 2010,AchievingSustainable Development in Jordan Country Environmental Analysis,The World Bank.
  • 7. Corps, M. (2014). Tappedout: Waterscarcityandrefugeepressures in Jordan. Amman: MercyCorps.
  • 8. data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=1168
  • 9. Efegil, E. (2013). Mısır ve Ürdün'ün DışPolitikalarını Şekillendiren Unsurlar. MiddleEastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 5(51).
  • 10. February, London, h ttps. 2c8kkt1ykog81j8k9p47oglb-wpengine. netdna-ssl. com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Supporting-Syria-the-Region-London-2016-Jordan-Statement. Pdf
  • 11. Ferragina, E.,&Greco, F. (2008). TheDisiproject: an internal/externalanalysis. Water International, 33(4), 451-463.
  • 12. Francis, A. (2015). Jordan’sRefugeeCrisis. Carnegie International EndowmentforPeace.
  • 13. file:///C:/Users/hp/Desktop/ürdün/IFRCJRCassessmentreportonSyrianrefugees.pdf
  • 14. file:///C:/Users/hp/Desktop/ürdün/UNICEF_Syria_Crisis_Situation_Report_April_2017_External.pdf
  • 15. Gleick, P. 1993. Waterandconflictfreshwaterresourcesandinternationalsecurity. International Security, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 79–112.
  • 16. Hadadin, N.,Qaqish, M., Akawwi, E., &Bdour, A. (2010). Watershortage in Jordan—Sustainablesolutions. Desalination, 250(1), 197-202.
  • 17. Kadıoğlu, M. (2014). Küresel Sorunlara Karşı Ulusal Tavır. Muhsin Kadıoğlu. 18. Majdalawi, M. I.,Raedig, C., Al-Karablieh, E. K., Schlueter, S., Salman, A., &Tabieh, M. (2016). Integration of differentenvironmentalvaluationmethodstoestimateforestdegradation in aridand semi-aridregions. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 23(5), 392-398.
  • 19. Malkawi, A. I. H.,&Tsur, Y. (2016). ReclaimingtheDeadSea: alternativesforaction. InSociety-Water-Technology(pp. 205-225). Springer International Publishing.
  • 20. Mrayyan, B., & Hamdi, M. R. (2006). Management approaches to integrated solid waste in industrialized zones in Jordan: A case of Zarqa City. Waste Management, 2(26), 195-205.
  • 21. Mencütek, Z. Ş. (2015). TheImpact Of TheSyrıanCrısıs On TheJordanıanForeıgnPolıcy: SyrıanRefugeesAndPartıcıpatıonInTheCoalıtıonAgaınstTheIsıs. MiddleEasternStudies/Ortadogu Etütleri, 7(1).
  • 22. Merkezi, O. S. A. Suriye’ye Komşu Ülkelerde Suriyeli Mültecilerin Durumu: Bulgular, Sonuçlar ve Öneriler, ORSAM Rapor No: 189, Nisan 2014.
  • 23. Salameh, E. (2008). Over-exploitation of groundwaterresourcesandtheirenvironmentalandsocio-economicimplications: thecase of Jordan. Water International, 33(1), 55-68.
  • 24. Salloukh, B. F. (1996). Statestrength, permeability, andforeignpolicybehavior: Jordan in theoreticalperspective. ArabStudiesQuarterly, 39-65.
  • 25. Syria, S. theRegion (2016) The Jordan Compact: A New HolisticApproachbetweentheHashemiteKingdom of Jordan andthe International CommunitytodealwiththeSyrianRefugeeCrisis, 4
  • 26. http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e486566.html. UNHCR, “2015 UNHCR Country Operations Profile–Jordan,”
  • 27. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002171/217175e.pdf/1236547899780World Water Development Report 4, 2012.
  • 28. Yeşilyurt, N. (2009). II. Abdullah Dönemi Ürdün Dış Politikası Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme. Ortadoğu Anaaliz, 6(1). 48-56
  • 29. Yeşilyurt, N. (2015). Ürdün'ün Bölgesel Konumu: Küçük Devlet Kavramı Çerçevesinde Bir İnceleme. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 70(2).
  • 30. Yorke, V. (2009, November). Jordan waterscarcity, strategyandalternativesolutions: a politico-economicperspective. In NCCR TradeRegulation Workshop, World TradeInstitute, Bern (Vol. 27).
  • 31. Zeitoun, M. (2009). ThepoliticalEconomy of WaterDemandmanagement in Yemen and Jordan: A synthesis of findings. WaterDemand Management Research Series 5, WaDImena, International Development Research Center (IDRC).
  • 32. http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/ulke-profili/ulke-profili-urdun
  • 33. http://birlesmismarkalar.org.tr/file/hedef-ulke-raporlari/Urdun.pdf
  • 34. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/55906
  • 35. http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/countries/factsheets/jordan_syrian_crisis_en.pdf
  • 36. http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/Profile_segments/JOR-WR_eng.stm
  • 37. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gama-enerjiden-urdune-1-milyar-dolarlik-yatirim-12028855
  • 38. https://www.jrpsc.org/s/JRP-2017-2019-Full-Plan-Submission-Draft-1-PDF-c6ed.pdf
  • 39. http://www.ktso.org.tr/kose/kategori.asp?kategori=%DCLKE%20RAPORLARI&baslik=%DCRD%DCN%20%DClke%20Raporu-Ocak%202017&sira=1
  • 40. https://www.maplecroft.com/about/news/water_security.html
  • 41. http://www.orsam.org.tr/files/OA/6/11nuri%20ye%C5%9Filyurt.pdf
  • 42. https://www.tmmob.org.tr/icerik/cmo-2007-su-raporu
  • 43. http://theconversation.com/syrian-refugees-in-turkey-jordan-and-lebanon-face-an-uncertain-2017-70747
  • 44. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002471/247153e.pdf
  • 45. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2017-wastewater-the-untapped-resource/
  • 46. http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/jordan-population/

Suriyeli Mültecilerin Etkileri Kapsamında Ürdün’de Su Sorunu

Year 2018, , 12 - 26, 31.01.2018
https://doi.org/10.17067/asm.329947

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada Ürdün’deki su sıkıntısı ve özellikle mültecilerin bu duruma etkisi
değerlendirilmiştir. Ürdün’deki su kaynaklarının yetersizliği ele alınmış ve
suyun korunmasının önemi vurgulanmıştır. Sürdürülebilir etkin
bir su yönetiminin, mülteci sayısı
ve olası göç akışını göz ardı etmeden mümkün olacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Yapılan değerlendirmeler, yaşanan su sıkıntısının bölgedeki topluluklar ve
devletlerarasındaki çatışmalara neden olabileceği ve Ortadoğu'da işbirliği
sağlanmadan su
kıntısı ve kuraklıkla mücadele sürecinin tamamlanamayacağını
göstermiştir. 
Nüfus artışı
ve iklim değişikliği, özellikle bu bölgede, yağışın daha belirsiz ve
değişkenliğine neden olduğundan, su kıtlığı önümüzdeki yirmi yıl içinde daha da
büyük bir sorun haline geleceği öngörülmektedir. Su miktarı ve kalitesi de
sağlık ve çevre üzerinde önemli etkilere sahiptir.
  Bu etkilerin alternatif su yönetimi ve
verimlilik stratejilerine karşı değerlendirilmesi ve politika maliyetleri ve
ekonomi
k kalkınma konularının ışığında, kıt kaynak kullanımı optimize
edilebilir. 
Ürdün uzun
süredir iklim değişikliği, nüfus artışı, çatışmalar ve mülteci krizleri
nedeniyle artan su kıtlığı ile karşı karşıyadır.
The desert kingdom has one of the lowest levels of water
availability in the world and hosts the second largest number of Syrian
refugees per person, following Lebanon.
Dünyadaki en düşük su miktarına
sahip olması ile birlikte kişi başına düşen en çok sayıda Suriyeli mülteciye ev
sahipliği yapıyor olması Ürdün’ün su kaynakları için büyük bir sorun
yaratmaktadır.

References

  • 1. Ammary, B. Y. (2007). Wastewaterreuse in Jordan: Presentstatusandfutureplans. Desalination, 211(1-3), 164-176.
  • 2. Al-Zu’bi, M. (2016). Jordan’sclimatechangegovernanceframework: fromsilosto an intersectoralapproach. Environment SystemsandDecisions, 36(3), 277-301.
  • 3. Bingöl, O. Krizlerin Uluslararasılaşması: Rejime Karşı Protestolardan Bölgesel Çatışmaya Suriye Örneği.
  • 4. Bismuth, C. (2016). WaterResources, CooperationandPowerAsymmetries in theWater Management of theLower Jordan Valley: TheSituationTodayandthePaththat Has LedThere. InSociety-Water-Technology(pp. 189-204). Springer International Publishing.
  • 5. Carr, G., Potter, R. B., &Nortcliff, S. (2011). Waterreuseforirrigation in Jordan: Perceptions of waterqualityamongfarmers. AgriculturalWater Management, 98, 847-854.
  • 6. Cervigni R.andNaberH., 2010,AchievingSustainable Development in Jordan Country Environmental Analysis,The World Bank.
  • 7. Corps, M. (2014). Tappedout: Waterscarcityandrefugeepressures in Jordan. Amman: MercyCorps.
  • 8. data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=1168
  • 9. Efegil, E. (2013). Mısır ve Ürdün'ün DışPolitikalarını Şekillendiren Unsurlar. MiddleEastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 5(51).
  • 10. February, London, h ttps. 2c8kkt1ykog81j8k9p47oglb-wpengine. netdna-ssl. com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Supporting-Syria-the-Region-London-2016-Jordan-Statement. Pdf
  • 11. Ferragina, E.,&Greco, F. (2008). TheDisiproject: an internal/externalanalysis. Water International, 33(4), 451-463.
  • 12. Francis, A. (2015). Jordan’sRefugeeCrisis. Carnegie International EndowmentforPeace.
  • 13. file:///C:/Users/hp/Desktop/ürdün/IFRCJRCassessmentreportonSyrianrefugees.pdf
  • 14. file:///C:/Users/hp/Desktop/ürdün/UNICEF_Syria_Crisis_Situation_Report_April_2017_External.pdf
  • 15. Gleick, P. 1993. Waterandconflictfreshwaterresourcesandinternationalsecurity. International Security, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 79–112.
  • 16. Hadadin, N.,Qaqish, M., Akawwi, E., &Bdour, A. (2010). Watershortage in Jordan—Sustainablesolutions. Desalination, 250(1), 197-202.
  • 17. Kadıoğlu, M. (2014). Küresel Sorunlara Karşı Ulusal Tavır. Muhsin Kadıoğlu. 18. Majdalawi, M. I.,Raedig, C., Al-Karablieh, E. K., Schlueter, S., Salman, A., &Tabieh, M. (2016). Integration of differentenvironmentalvaluationmethodstoestimateforestdegradation in aridand semi-aridregions. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 23(5), 392-398.
  • 19. Malkawi, A. I. H.,&Tsur, Y. (2016). ReclaimingtheDeadSea: alternativesforaction. InSociety-Water-Technology(pp. 205-225). Springer International Publishing.
  • 20. Mrayyan, B., & Hamdi, M. R. (2006). Management approaches to integrated solid waste in industrialized zones in Jordan: A case of Zarqa City. Waste Management, 2(26), 195-205.
  • 21. Mencütek, Z. Ş. (2015). TheImpact Of TheSyrıanCrısıs On TheJordanıanForeıgnPolıcy: SyrıanRefugeesAndPartıcıpatıonInTheCoalıtıonAgaınstTheIsıs. MiddleEasternStudies/Ortadogu Etütleri, 7(1).
  • 22. Merkezi, O. S. A. Suriye’ye Komşu Ülkelerde Suriyeli Mültecilerin Durumu: Bulgular, Sonuçlar ve Öneriler, ORSAM Rapor No: 189, Nisan 2014.
  • 23. Salameh, E. (2008). Over-exploitation of groundwaterresourcesandtheirenvironmentalandsocio-economicimplications: thecase of Jordan. Water International, 33(1), 55-68.
  • 24. Salloukh, B. F. (1996). Statestrength, permeability, andforeignpolicybehavior: Jordan in theoreticalperspective. ArabStudiesQuarterly, 39-65.
  • 25. Syria, S. theRegion (2016) The Jordan Compact: A New HolisticApproachbetweentheHashemiteKingdom of Jordan andthe International CommunitytodealwiththeSyrianRefugeeCrisis, 4
  • 26. http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e486566.html. UNHCR, “2015 UNHCR Country Operations Profile–Jordan,”
  • 27. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002171/217175e.pdf/1236547899780World Water Development Report 4, 2012.
  • 28. Yeşilyurt, N. (2009). II. Abdullah Dönemi Ürdün Dış Politikası Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme. Ortadoğu Anaaliz, 6(1). 48-56
  • 29. Yeşilyurt, N. (2015). Ürdün'ün Bölgesel Konumu: Küçük Devlet Kavramı Çerçevesinde Bir İnceleme. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 70(2).
  • 30. Yorke, V. (2009, November). Jordan waterscarcity, strategyandalternativesolutions: a politico-economicperspective. In NCCR TradeRegulation Workshop, World TradeInstitute, Bern (Vol. 27).
  • 31. Zeitoun, M. (2009). ThepoliticalEconomy of WaterDemandmanagement in Yemen and Jordan: A synthesis of findings. WaterDemand Management Research Series 5, WaDImena, International Development Research Center (IDRC).
  • 32. http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/ulke-profili/ulke-profili-urdun
  • 33. http://birlesmismarkalar.org.tr/file/hedef-ulke-raporlari/Urdun.pdf
  • 34. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/55906
  • 35. http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/countries/factsheets/jordan_syrian_crisis_en.pdf
  • 36. http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/Profile_segments/JOR-WR_eng.stm
  • 37. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gama-enerjiden-urdune-1-milyar-dolarlik-yatirim-12028855
  • 38. https://www.jrpsc.org/s/JRP-2017-2019-Full-Plan-Submission-Draft-1-PDF-c6ed.pdf
  • 39. http://www.ktso.org.tr/kose/kategori.asp?kategori=%DCLKE%20RAPORLARI&baslik=%DCRD%DCN%20%DClke%20Raporu-Ocak%202017&sira=1
  • 40. https://www.maplecroft.com/about/news/water_security.html
  • 41. http://www.orsam.org.tr/files/OA/6/11nuri%20ye%C5%9Filyurt.pdf
  • 42. https://www.tmmob.org.tr/icerik/cmo-2007-su-raporu
  • 43. http://theconversation.com/syrian-refugees-in-turkey-jordan-and-lebanon-face-an-uncertain-2017-70747
  • 44. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002471/247153e.pdf
  • 45. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2017-wastewater-the-untapped-resource/
  • 46. http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/jordan-population/
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ayşegül Aydın

Publication Date January 31, 2018
Submission Date July 20, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Aydın, A. (2018). Suriyeli Mültecilerin Etkileri Kapsamında Ürdün’de Su Sorunu. Asia Minor Studies, 6(11), 12-26. https://doi.org/10.17067/asm.329947

Cited By