Abstract
The
cars carrying load and troops to battlefields at first had turned into battle machines
in time, which disrupted the enemy army. The archaeological studies revealed
that the ancestors of chariots were slid and covered. Once the wheel was
invented by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia, these sledges must have been
displaced by wheeled vehicles. The fact that the wheels and the other elements
that made up the vehicle were made of solid wood, and that these vehicles had
no shaft system made them slow and weakened their maneuverability. In the new
Assyrian period it is possible to observe that the chariots and harnesses of
the horses of the vehicles in reliefs and archaeological materials have changed
and developed over time. Especially increase in the dimensions of the loads and
vehicles reflected firstly the number of spokes, the wheel circle and its size.
References
- Albenda, P. (1986). The Palace of Sargon King of Assyria. Editions Recherche Sur Les Civilisations, Paris. Backer, F. D. (2009). Evolution of War Chariot Tactics in The Ancient Near East. Baikie, J. (1916). Peeps at Many Lands, Ancient Assyria. London:A&C Black. Barnett, R.D. ve Falkner, M. (1962). The Sculptures Asur Nasir Apli II Tiglat-Pleser III, Eserhaddon, From The Central And South West Palace At Nimrud. The Trustees of The British Museum. Barnett, R.D., R. Bleibtreu, E. ve Turner G. (1998). Sculptures From The Southwest Palace of Sennacherib At Niniveh. London : British Museum Press. Bordreuil, P., Chatonnet, F.B., ve Michel, C. (2015). Tarihin başlangıçları eski yakındoğu kültür ve uygarlıkları. (Çev.: Levent Başaran). İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları. Botta, P.E. ve Flandin, E. (1849). Monument De Ninive, Volume I, Et Sous La Dırectıon D'une Commıssıon De L'ınstıtut, 84s Dalley, S. (1989). Assyrian Warfare De Schauensee, M., “Horse Gear From Hasanlu”,Expedition, 31/2-3, s. 37-52. Dezso, T. (2006). The Reconstruction of The Neo-Assyrian Army As Depicted on The Assyrian Palace Reliefs, 745-612 B.C. Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 57(1), s. 87-130. Gabriel, A.R. ve Metz, K.S. (1991). From Sumer To Rome: The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies., Westport: Green Wood Press. Grayson, A.K. ve Novotny, J. (2014). The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King Of Assyria (704-681) Part II. Eisenbrauns. Gündüz, S. (2002a). M.Ö. I. Binin İlk Yarısında Önasya Araba Okları, Ok Destek Elemanları ve Ok Uçları. Anadolu Araştırmaları, 16, s. 241-294, İstanbul. _________. (2002b). M.Ö. I. Binyılın İlk Yarısında Önasya Krallıklarında Araba Tekerleklerinin Özellikleri ve Yapım Teknikleri. Belleten, LXVI(247), s.789-817. Hamblin, J.W. (2006). Warfare In The Ancient Near East To 1600 BC. London: Routludge. King, L.W. (1915). Bronze Reliefs From The Gates Of Shalmaneser, King Of Assyria, B.C. 860-825. London. Layard, A.H. (1853). The Monuments of Nineveh, (First Series). London. Littauer, M.A. ve Crouwel, J.H. (1979). Wheeled Vehicles and Ridden Animals in The Ancient Near East. Köln: Brill. Madhloom, T.A. (1970). The Chronology of Neo Assyrian Art. London: The Athlone Press. Mallowan, M.E.L. (1966). Nimrut and Its Remains, Volume II. The British School of Archaeology In Iraq. Aberdeen: At The University Press. Moorgat, A. (1969). The Art Of Ancient Mezopotamia. London: Paidon Pess. Musceralla, O.W., 1988. Bronze and Iron: Ancient Near Eastern Artifact In The Metropolitian Museum of Art, Newyork, 501s. Nigel, S. ve Nigel, T. (1984). Armies of The Ancient Near East. Sussex: A Wargames Research Group Puplication. Noble, D. (1990). Assyrian Chariotry and Cavalry, Saab IV/1. Somerwill, A.B. (2009). Empires Of Ancient Mesopotamia. Newyork: Chelsea House Puplishers. Winter, I.J. (2010). On Art in The Ancient Near East, From The Third Millennium B.C.E., Volume II, Brill. Boston: Leiden. Wise, T. ve Mcbride, A. (1999). Ancient Armies Of Middle East. Oxfort: Osprey Puplishing. Yadin, Y. (1963). The Art Of Warfare in Biblical Lands. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Abstract
İlk başlarda yük
ve savaş alanına asker taşıyan arabalar, zamanla düşman ordu düzenini bozan
savaş makinelerine dönüşmüştür. Yapılan arkeolojik çalışmalar savaş arabalarının
atalarının kızaklı ve üzerlerinin kapalı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Mezopotamya’da
Sümerler tarafından tekerlek icat edildikten sonra, bu kızaklı arabalar
tekerlekli araçlarla yer değiştirmiş olmalıdır. İlk başlarda tekerleklerin ve
aracı meydana getiren diğer elamanların som ağaçtan yapılmış olması ve bu
araçların mil sistemine sahip olmamaları, araçların hızını yavaşlatmış ve
manevra kabiliyetini zayıflatmıştır. Yeni Asur dönemindeki relieflerde ve arkeolojik materyaller üzerinde
görülen savaş arabalarının ve bu savaş arabalarını çeken atların koşum
takımlarının, zamanla değişip geliştiğini görmek mümkündür. Özellikle taşınan
yük ve araçların ebatlarının büyümesi ilk olarak ispit sayısı, tekerlek çemberi
ve boyutuna yansımıştır.
Keywords
References
- Albenda, P. (1986). The Palace of Sargon King of Assyria. Editions Recherche Sur Les Civilisations, Paris. Backer, F. D. (2009). Evolution of War Chariot Tactics in The Ancient Near East. Baikie, J. (1916). Peeps at Many Lands, Ancient Assyria. London:A&C Black. Barnett, R.D. ve Falkner, M. (1962). The Sculptures Asur Nasir Apli II Tiglat-Pleser III, Eserhaddon, From The Central And South West Palace At Nimrud. The Trustees of The British Museum. Barnett, R.D., R. Bleibtreu, E. ve Turner G. (1998). Sculptures From The Southwest Palace of Sennacherib At Niniveh. London : British Museum Press. Bordreuil, P., Chatonnet, F.B., ve Michel, C. (2015). Tarihin başlangıçları eski yakındoğu kültür ve uygarlıkları. (Çev.: Levent Başaran). İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları. Botta, P.E. ve Flandin, E. (1849). Monument De Ninive, Volume I, Et Sous La Dırectıon D'une Commıssıon De L'ınstıtut, 84s Dalley, S. (1989). Assyrian Warfare De Schauensee, M., “Horse Gear From Hasanlu”,Expedition, 31/2-3, s. 37-52. Dezso, T. (2006). The Reconstruction of The Neo-Assyrian Army As Depicted on The Assyrian Palace Reliefs, 745-612 B.C. Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 57(1), s. 87-130. Gabriel, A.R. ve Metz, K.S. (1991). From Sumer To Rome: The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies., Westport: Green Wood Press. Grayson, A.K. ve Novotny, J. (2014). The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King Of Assyria (704-681) Part II. Eisenbrauns. Gündüz, S. (2002a). M.Ö. I. Binin İlk Yarısında Önasya Araba Okları, Ok Destek Elemanları ve Ok Uçları. Anadolu Araştırmaları, 16, s. 241-294, İstanbul. _________. (2002b). M.Ö. I. Binyılın İlk Yarısında Önasya Krallıklarında Araba Tekerleklerinin Özellikleri ve Yapım Teknikleri. Belleten, LXVI(247), s.789-817. Hamblin, J.W. (2006). Warfare In The Ancient Near East To 1600 BC. London: Routludge. King, L.W. (1915). Bronze Reliefs From The Gates Of Shalmaneser, King Of Assyria, B.C. 860-825. London. Layard, A.H. (1853). The Monuments of Nineveh, (First Series). London. Littauer, M.A. ve Crouwel, J.H. (1979). Wheeled Vehicles and Ridden Animals in The Ancient Near East. Köln: Brill. Madhloom, T.A. (1970). The Chronology of Neo Assyrian Art. London: The Athlone Press. Mallowan, M.E.L. (1966). Nimrut and Its Remains, Volume II. The British School of Archaeology In Iraq. Aberdeen: At The University Press. Moorgat, A. (1969). The Art Of Ancient Mezopotamia. London: Paidon Pess. Musceralla, O.W., 1988. Bronze and Iron: Ancient Near Eastern Artifact In The Metropolitian Museum of Art, Newyork, 501s. Nigel, S. ve Nigel, T. (1984). Armies of The Ancient Near East. Sussex: A Wargames Research Group Puplication. Noble, D. (1990). Assyrian Chariotry and Cavalry, Saab IV/1. Somerwill, A.B. (2009). Empires Of Ancient Mesopotamia. Newyork: Chelsea House Puplishers. Winter, I.J. (2010). On Art in The Ancient Near East, From The Third Millennium B.C.E., Volume II, Brill. Boston: Leiden. Wise, T. ve Mcbride, A. (1999). Ancient Armies Of Middle East. Oxfort: Osprey Puplishing. Yadin, Y. (1963). The Art Of Warfare in Biblical Lands. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | History |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 1, 2018 |
| Submission Date | June 8, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 |