Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

GEÇ ANTİK ÇAĞ’DA ERMENİ KİLİSESİ’NİN KURUMSALLAŞMASI

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 95 - 105, 24.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.17067/asm.497993

Abstract

Ermenilerin IV. yüzyılın başlarında Hıristiyanlığı kabul etmeleri
Ermeni toplumu üzerinde derin etkiler yapmıştır. Geç antik çağ Ermenileri, Hıristiyanlıkla
birlikte yüzyıllardır beslendikleri İran kültür dairesinden kopmakla kalmayıp
zaman içinde Romalıların etkisinden de sıyrılarak kendi kilise modellerini inşa
etmişlerdir. Bu kilisenin aristokrasinin elinde olması ve Nicaea (İznik)
Konsili’nde alınan kararların aksine Aziz Grigor’un (Aydınlatıcı Gregorius)
soyuna dayalı bir yönetimi benimsemesi, Ermeni Hıristiyanlığının inşası ve
Ermeni Kilisesi’nin kurumsallaşma aşamasında çatışma ve kavgalara dönüşen
mücadeleleri beraberinde getirmiştir. “Aristokrat Ermeni Kilisesi” 370 yılında kral
Pap’ın katʿolikos seçimiyle ruhani olarak bağlı olduğu Caesarea (=Kapadokya
Caesareası) başpiskoposluğundan uzaklaşmakla kalmamış aynı zamanda Ermeni yazı
dilinin icadı ve Chalcedon (Kadıköy) Konsili kararlarıyla da Constantinopolis Kilisesi’nden
neredeyse tamamen kopmuştur. Bu iki önemli merkezin gücünden yoksun kalmak ve
zamanla onlarla çatışma içine girmek Ermeni Kilisesi’nin kurumsal bir kimliğe
dönüşmesinde tetikleyici bir güç olmuştur. Bu yüzden 365 yılında katʿolikos
I. Nerses’in öncülüğünde toplanan ilk Ermeni Sinodu, V. ve VI.
yüzyılda toplanan diğer sinodlar ile desteklenerek Ermeni Kilisesi’nin bağımsız
karakterini ortaya koymuştur.



Bu
tarihsel sürecin ışığında çalışmanın amacı Ermeni Kilisesi’nin kuruluş ve kurumsallaşma
evrelerinin hangi şartlarda ve nasıl gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymaktır.

References

  • Aa Agatʿangełos (1976), History of the Armenians, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • AaT The Teaching of Saint Gregory, An Early Armenian Catechism, (1970), (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Cambridge; MA: Harvard University Press.
  • AL Aristakés de Lastivert, (1973), Récit des Malheurs de la Nation Arménienne, (Trans. Marius Canard et Haig Bērbērian), Bruxelles: Éditions de Byzantion, bd de l’Empereur, 4.
  • Asołik The Universal History of Stepʿanos Tarōnecʿi, (2017), (Trans. Tim Greenwood), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Chron. Seert Chronique de Séert, (1908), in; Patrologia Orientalis, (Ed. Addai Scher), Vol. IV, pp.214-313.
  • Datastanagirkʿ The Lawcode (Datastanagirkʿ) of Mxitʿar Goš, (2000), (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • Ełišē Ełišē, (1982), History of Vardan and the Armenian War, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Cambridge; MA; London: Harvard University Press.
  • Euseb. HE Eusebius, (2001), The Ecclesiastical History, (Trans. Kirsopp Lake), Vol. I-II, Cambridge; MA; London: Harvard University Press.
  • GT’ Girk Tʿłtʿocʿ, (1999), in; L’Église Arménienne et le Grand Schisme d’Orient, (Trans. Nina G. Garsoïan), Lovanii: In Aedibus Peeters, pp.411-583.
  • Koryun Koryun, (1985), Varkʿ Mashtotsʿi, (Trans. Krikor H. Maksoudian), Delmar; New York: Caravan Books.
  • ŁPʿ Łazar Pʿarpecʿi, (1991), The History of Łazar Pʿarpecʿi, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Atlanta: Scholars Press.
  • MD Movsēs Dasxuranc̣i, (1961), The History of the Caucasian Albanians, (Trans. Charles J. F. Dowsett), London: Oxford University Press.
  • MX Movsēs Xorenacʿi, (1978), History of the Armenians, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Cambridge; MA; London: Harvard University Press.
  • Nersēs, St. Vita Généalogie de la Famille de Saint Grégoire Illuminateur de l’Arménie et Vie de Saint Nerses Patriarche des Arméniens, in; Collection des Histories Anciens et Modernes de l’Arménie, (1869), (Trans. Victor Langlois), Vol. II, pp.21-44.
  • PʿB Pʿawstos Buzand, (1989), The Epic Histories Attributed to Pʿawstos Buzand, (Trans. Nina G. Garsoïan), Cambridge; MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Sebēos Sebēos, (1999), The Armenian History Attibuted to Sebēos, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson; Comm. James Howard-Johnston), Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  • SŌ Histoire de la Siounie, (1866), (Trad. Marie-Félicité Brosset), Tome. I-II, St. Petersburg: Eggers et Cie.
  • Soz. HE Sozomenus, The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen, (1886), in; Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers 2. (Ed. Philip Schaff), Vol. II, New York: Christian Literature Company, pp.326-698.
  • TʿA Tʿovma Artsruni, (1985), History of the House of Artsrunik, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
  • Tert. Apol. Tertullianus, (1885), Apologeticus, in; Ante-Nicene Fathers, (Ed. Philip Schaff), Vol. III, New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., pp.4-379.
  • Theoph. The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor, (1997), (Trans. Cyril Mango and Roger Scott), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • YD Yovhannēs Drasxanakertcʿi, (1987), History of Armenia, (Trans. Krikor H. Maksoudian), Atlanta: Scholars Press.
  • YM Pseudo-Yovhannēs Mamikonean, (1993), The History of Tarōn, (Trans. Levon Avdoyan), Atlanta: Scholars Press.
  • Adontz, N. (1970), Armenia in the Period of Justinian, The Political Conditions Based on the Naxarar System, (Trans. Nina G. Garsoïan), Lisbon: Galouste Gulbenkian Foundation.Ananian, P. (1961) “La Data e le Circonstanze della Consecrazione di S. Gregorio Illuminatore”, Le Muséon, Vol. LXXXIV, pp.43-73.
  • Atiya, A. S. (2005), Doğu Hıristiyanlığı Tarihi, (Çev. Nurettin Hiçyılmaz), İstanbul: Doz.
  • Bundy, D. (2007), “Early Asian and East African Christianities”, in; The Cambridge History of Christianity, (Eds. Augustine Casiday and Frederick W. Norris), Vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.118-148.
  • Christensen, A. (1936), L’Iran Sous les Sassanides, Copenhague: Levin & Munksgaard.
  • Cinemre, İ. T. (2014), “Moses Khorenatsi ve Ermenilerin Milletleşme Sürecinde Mitolojik Derinlik”, Yeni Türkiye, Ermeni Meselesi Özel Sayısı, C. I, S. LX, ss.212-222.
  • Garsoïan, N. G. (1996), “The Two Voices of Armenian Mediaeval Historiography: The Iranian Index”, Studia Iranica, N. XXV(I), pp.7-43.
  • Garsoïan, N. G. (1997), “The Aršakuni Dynasty”, in; The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, (Ed. Richard G. Hovannisian), Vol. I, New York: St. Martin’s Press, pp.63-94.
  • Garsoïan, N. G. (2001), “Taron: As an Early Christian Armenian Center”, in; Armenian Baghesh/Bitlis and Taron/Mush, (Ed. Richard G. Hovannisian), Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, pp.59-69.
  • Garsoïan, N. G. (2005-2007), “Introduction to the Problem of Early Armenian Monasticism”, Revue des Études Arméniennes, n.s., Vol. XXX, pp.177-236.
  • Greenwood, T. (2012), “Armenia”, in; The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity, (Ed. Scott F. Johnson), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.115-141.
  • Grousset, R. (2006), Başlangıçtan 1071’e Ermenilerin Tarihi, (Çev. Sosi Dolanoğlu), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Hacikyan, et al., (2000-2005), The Heritage of Armenian Literature, (Eds. A. J. Hacikyan, et al), Vol. I, Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
  • Hewsen, R. H. (1987), “Avarayr”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, (Ed. Ehsan Yarshater), Vol. III(1), New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp.32.
  • Hübschmann, H. (1897), Armenische Grammatik, Leipzig: Von Breitkopf & Härtel.
  • Kaçar, T. (2013), “İlk Ermeni Tarih Yazıcısı Agathangelos ve Rhipsime’nin Çilesi”, Tarhan Armağanı, M. Taner Tarhan’a Sunulan Makaleler, (Ed. Oğuz Tekin, Mustafa H. Sayar ve Erkan Konyar), İstanbul: Ege Yayınları, ss.225-232.
  • Kaçar, T. (2015), “Ermeniler Nasıl ve Ne Zaman Hıristiyan Oldu?”, içinde; XVI. Türk Tarih Kongresi, 20-24 Eylül 2010 Ankara, Kongreye Sunulan Bildiriler, Eski Anadolu Uygarlıkları, C. I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, ss.245-254.
  • Kurkjian, V. M. (1964), A History of Armenia, New York: Armenian General Benevolent Union.
  • Mahé, J. P. (2007), “Affirmation de l’Arménie Chrétienne (Vers 301-590)”,in; Histoire du Peuple Arménien, (Ed. Gérard Dédéyan), Toulouse: Privat, pp.163-212.
  • Nersessian, V. N. (2007), “Armenian Christianity”, The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity, (Ed. Ken Parry), Oxford: Blackwell, pp.23-46.
  • Norris, F. W. (2007), “Greek Christianities”, The Cambridge History of Christianity, (Eds. Augustine Casiday and Frederick W. Norris), Vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.70-117.
  • Ormanian, M. (1955), The Church of Armenia, (Trans. G. Margar Gregory), London: Mowbray.
  • Panossian, R. (2006), The Armenians, London: Hurst & Co.
  • Redgate, A. E. (2000), The Armenians, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Russell, J. R. (1994), “On the Origins and Invention of Armenian Script”, Le Muséon, Revue d’Études Orientales, Vol. CVII(3-4), pp.317-333.
  • Sarkissian, K. (1965), The Council of Chalcedon and the Armenian Church, Londra: SPCK.
  • Seyfeli, C. (2011), “Erken Ermeni Kaynaklarına Göre Hıristiyanlık Öncesi Ermeni Tanrılar Panteonu”, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, S. XXX, ss.139-183
  • Stopka, K. (2016), Armenia Christiana Armenian Religious Identity and the Churches of Constantinople and Rome (4th–15th Century), Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press.
  • Terian, A. (2005), Patriotism and Piety in Armenian Christianity, The Early Panegyrics on Saint Gregory, New York: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press.
  • Thomson, R. W. (1965), “An Armenian List of Heresies”, The Journal of Theological Studies, n.s. Vol. XVI, N. II, pp.358-367.
  • Thomson, R. W. (1988/1989), “Mission, Conversion, and Christianization: The Armenian Example”, Harvard Ukrainian Studies, Vol. XII/XIII, pp.28-45.
  • Thomson, R. W. (2008), “Armenia (400–600)”, in; The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500-1492, (Ed. Jonathan Shepard), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.156-172.
  • Thomson, R. W. (2011), “Constantinople and Early Armenian Literature”, Armenian Constantinople, (Ed. Richard G. Hovannisian and Simon Palaysian), Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, pp.19-38.
  • Van Lint, T. M. (2009), “The Formation of Armenian Identity in the First Millenium”, Church History and Religious Culture, Vol. LXXXIX, N. I-III, Leiden: Brill, pp.251-278.
  • Winkler, G. (1985), “An Obscure Chapter in Armenian Church History (428-439)”, Revue des Études Arméniennes, n.s. Vol. XIX, pp.85-179.
Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 95 - 105, 24.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.17067/asm.497993

Abstract

References

  • Aa Agatʿangełos (1976), History of the Armenians, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • AaT The Teaching of Saint Gregory, An Early Armenian Catechism, (1970), (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Cambridge; MA: Harvard University Press.
  • AL Aristakés de Lastivert, (1973), Récit des Malheurs de la Nation Arménienne, (Trans. Marius Canard et Haig Bērbērian), Bruxelles: Éditions de Byzantion, bd de l’Empereur, 4.
  • Asołik The Universal History of Stepʿanos Tarōnecʿi, (2017), (Trans. Tim Greenwood), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Chron. Seert Chronique de Séert, (1908), in; Patrologia Orientalis, (Ed. Addai Scher), Vol. IV, pp.214-313.
  • Datastanagirkʿ The Lawcode (Datastanagirkʿ) of Mxitʿar Goš, (2000), (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • Ełišē Ełišē, (1982), History of Vardan and the Armenian War, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Cambridge; MA; London: Harvard University Press.
  • Euseb. HE Eusebius, (2001), The Ecclesiastical History, (Trans. Kirsopp Lake), Vol. I-II, Cambridge; MA; London: Harvard University Press.
  • GT’ Girk Tʿłtʿocʿ, (1999), in; L’Église Arménienne et le Grand Schisme d’Orient, (Trans. Nina G. Garsoïan), Lovanii: In Aedibus Peeters, pp.411-583.
  • Koryun Koryun, (1985), Varkʿ Mashtotsʿi, (Trans. Krikor H. Maksoudian), Delmar; New York: Caravan Books.
  • ŁPʿ Łazar Pʿarpecʿi, (1991), The History of Łazar Pʿarpecʿi, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Atlanta: Scholars Press.
  • MD Movsēs Dasxuranc̣i, (1961), The History of the Caucasian Albanians, (Trans. Charles J. F. Dowsett), London: Oxford University Press.
  • MX Movsēs Xorenacʿi, (1978), History of the Armenians, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Cambridge; MA; London: Harvard University Press.
  • Nersēs, St. Vita Généalogie de la Famille de Saint Grégoire Illuminateur de l’Arménie et Vie de Saint Nerses Patriarche des Arméniens, in; Collection des Histories Anciens et Modernes de l’Arménie, (1869), (Trans. Victor Langlois), Vol. II, pp.21-44.
  • PʿB Pʿawstos Buzand, (1989), The Epic Histories Attributed to Pʿawstos Buzand, (Trans. Nina G. Garsoïan), Cambridge; MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Sebēos Sebēos, (1999), The Armenian History Attibuted to Sebēos, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson; Comm. James Howard-Johnston), Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  • SŌ Histoire de la Siounie, (1866), (Trad. Marie-Félicité Brosset), Tome. I-II, St. Petersburg: Eggers et Cie.
  • Soz. HE Sozomenus, The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen, (1886), in; Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers 2. (Ed. Philip Schaff), Vol. II, New York: Christian Literature Company, pp.326-698.
  • TʿA Tʿovma Artsruni, (1985), History of the House of Artsrunik, (Trans. Robert W. Thomson), Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
  • Tert. Apol. Tertullianus, (1885), Apologeticus, in; Ante-Nicene Fathers, (Ed. Philip Schaff), Vol. III, New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., pp.4-379.
  • Theoph. The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor, (1997), (Trans. Cyril Mango and Roger Scott), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • YD Yovhannēs Drasxanakertcʿi, (1987), History of Armenia, (Trans. Krikor H. Maksoudian), Atlanta: Scholars Press.
  • YM Pseudo-Yovhannēs Mamikonean, (1993), The History of Tarōn, (Trans. Levon Avdoyan), Atlanta: Scholars Press.
  • Adontz, N. (1970), Armenia in the Period of Justinian, The Political Conditions Based on the Naxarar System, (Trans. Nina G. Garsoïan), Lisbon: Galouste Gulbenkian Foundation.Ananian, P. (1961) “La Data e le Circonstanze della Consecrazione di S. Gregorio Illuminatore”, Le Muséon, Vol. LXXXIV, pp.43-73.
  • Atiya, A. S. (2005), Doğu Hıristiyanlığı Tarihi, (Çev. Nurettin Hiçyılmaz), İstanbul: Doz.
  • Bundy, D. (2007), “Early Asian and East African Christianities”, in; The Cambridge History of Christianity, (Eds. Augustine Casiday and Frederick W. Norris), Vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.118-148.
  • Christensen, A. (1936), L’Iran Sous les Sassanides, Copenhague: Levin & Munksgaard.
  • Cinemre, İ. T. (2014), “Moses Khorenatsi ve Ermenilerin Milletleşme Sürecinde Mitolojik Derinlik”, Yeni Türkiye, Ermeni Meselesi Özel Sayısı, C. I, S. LX, ss.212-222.
  • Garsoïan, N. G. (1996), “The Two Voices of Armenian Mediaeval Historiography: The Iranian Index”, Studia Iranica, N. XXV(I), pp.7-43.
  • Garsoïan, N. G. (1997), “The Aršakuni Dynasty”, in; The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, (Ed. Richard G. Hovannisian), Vol. I, New York: St. Martin’s Press, pp.63-94.
  • Garsoïan, N. G. (2001), “Taron: As an Early Christian Armenian Center”, in; Armenian Baghesh/Bitlis and Taron/Mush, (Ed. Richard G. Hovannisian), Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, pp.59-69.
  • Garsoïan, N. G. (2005-2007), “Introduction to the Problem of Early Armenian Monasticism”, Revue des Études Arméniennes, n.s., Vol. XXX, pp.177-236.
  • Greenwood, T. (2012), “Armenia”, in; The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity, (Ed. Scott F. Johnson), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.115-141.
  • Grousset, R. (2006), Başlangıçtan 1071’e Ermenilerin Tarihi, (Çev. Sosi Dolanoğlu), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Hacikyan, et al., (2000-2005), The Heritage of Armenian Literature, (Eds. A. J. Hacikyan, et al), Vol. I, Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
  • Hewsen, R. H. (1987), “Avarayr”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, (Ed. Ehsan Yarshater), Vol. III(1), New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp.32.
  • Hübschmann, H. (1897), Armenische Grammatik, Leipzig: Von Breitkopf & Härtel.
  • Kaçar, T. (2013), “İlk Ermeni Tarih Yazıcısı Agathangelos ve Rhipsime’nin Çilesi”, Tarhan Armağanı, M. Taner Tarhan’a Sunulan Makaleler, (Ed. Oğuz Tekin, Mustafa H. Sayar ve Erkan Konyar), İstanbul: Ege Yayınları, ss.225-232.
  • Kaçar, T. (2015), “Ermeniler Nasıl ve Ne Zaman Hıristiyan Oldu?”, içinde; XVI. Türk Tarih Kongresi, 20-24 Eylül 2010 Ankara, Kongreye Sunulan Bildiriler, Eski Anadolu Uygarlıkları, C. I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, ss.245-254.
  • Kurkjian, V. M. (1964), A History of Armenia, New York: Armenian General Benevolent Union.
  • Mahé, J. P. (2007), “Affirmation de l’Arménie Chrétienne (Vers 301-590)”,in; Histoire du Peuple Arménien, (Ed. Gérard Dédéyan), Toulouse: Privat, pp.163-212.
  • Nersessian, V. N. (2007), “Armenian Christianity”, The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity, (Ed. Ken Parry), Oxford: Blackwell, pp.23-46.
  • Norris, F. W. (2007), “Greek Christianities”, The Cambridge History of Christianity, (Eds. Augustine Casiday and Frederick W. Norris), Vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.70-117.
  • Ormanian, M. (1955), The Church of Armenia, (Trans. G. Margar Gregory), London: Mowbray.
  • Panossian, R. (2006), The Armenians, London: Hurst & Co.
  • Redgate, A. E. (2000), The Armenians, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Russell, J. R. (1994), “On the Origins and Invention of Armenian Script”, Le Muséon, Revue d’Études Orientales, Vol. CVII(3-4), pp.317-333.
  • Sarkissian, K. (1965), The Council of Chalcedon and the Armenian Church, Londra: SPCK.
  • Seyfeli, C. (2011), “Erken Ermeni Kaynaklarına Göre Hıristiyanlık Öncesi Ermeni Tanrılar Panteonu”, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, S. XXX, ss.139-183
  • Stopka, K. (2016), Armenia Christiana Armenian Religious Identity and the Churches of Constantinople and Rome (4th–15th Century), Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press.
  • Terian, A. (2005), Patriotism and Piety in Armenian Christianity, The Early Panegyrics on Saint Gregory, New York: St Vladimir’s Seminary Press.
  • Thomson, R. W. (1965), “An Armenian List of Heresies”, The Journal of Theological Studies, n.s. Vol. XVI, N. II, pp.358-367.
  • Thomson, R. W. (1988/1989), “Mission, Conversion, and Christianization: The Armenian Example”, Harvard Ukrainian Studies, Vol. XII/XIII, pp.28-45.
  • Thomson, R. W. (2008), “Armenia (400–600)”, in; The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500-1492, (Ed. Jonathan Shepard), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.156-172.
  • Thomson, R. W. (2011), “Constantinople and Early Armenian Literature”, Armenian Constantinople, (Ed. Richard G. Hovannisian and Simon Palaysian), Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, pp.19-38.
  • Van Lint, T. M. (2009), “The Formation of Armenian Identity in the First Millenium”, Church History and Religious Culture, Vol. LXXXIX, N. I-III, Leiden: Brill, pp.251-278.
  • Winkler, G. (1985), “An Obscure Chapter in Armenian Church History (428-439)”, Revue des Études Arméniennes, n.s. Vol. XIX, pp.85-179.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section History
Authors

İlhami Tekin Cinemre 0000-0002-2760-0976

Publication Date January 24, 2019
Submission Date December 16, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cinemre, İ. T. (2019). GEÇ ANTİK ÇAĞ’DA ERMENİ KİLİSESİ’NİN KURUMSALLAŞMASI. Asia Minor Studies, 7(1), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.17067/asm.497993