BİR ULUS İNŞA ETMEK: TÜRK TARİH YAZIM BİLİMİNDE BALKAN BÖLGESİNİN YERİ

Year 2013, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 107 - 128, 01.07.2013

Armand Sag

Abstract

Türk tarih yazım biliminde ‘millet’ veya ‘vatan’ gibi kavramlar yakından coğrafyayla bağlıdır. Bu ‘millet’ anlayışı dünyadaki diğer ülkelerden farklı değildir. Ancak Türk tarih yazım bilimi bu köken olarak batı icadı olan ‘millet’ kavramını kullanarak, batı kültürü ve Türk kültürünü aynı tutmaktadır. Halbuki bazı noktalarda Türk kültürü batı kültüründen farklıdır.Batı uygarlıklarında bireyler her zaman mümkün olduğu kadar aynı yerde kalmışlardır. Böylece bir ‘ulus’ inşat etme sürecinde aynı bölgede yaşayanları coğrafî anlamda toplamak mümkündü, sonuçta bu bireyler köy halinde aileleriyle beraber asırlardır aynı topraklarda yaşamaktaydılar. Türkiye bu konuda çok farklı bir izlem takip etmektedir. Türkler göçebe bir millet olduklarından dolayı, herhangi bir bölgeyle güçlü bağı oluşturmamışlardır. Oluşturmadıkları gibi uzun sure aynı yerde kalmayıp her zaman farklı bir bölgeye göç etmeyi tercih etmişlerdir. Bu göç Türkleri Asya'dan Avrupa'ya ve hatta Kuzey Afrika’ya kadar uzunmak üzere olan farklı kıtalara bile taşımıştır. Bu nedenle Türkleri bir bölgeye bağlayarak bir ulus inşa etmek hayliyle güç olmuştur. Bunu başarmak için Türk tarih yazım biliminde ulus oluşturulması istenen Anadolu’ya daha çok önem verip başka bölgeleri arka plana atmak zorunda kalmıştır. Böylece Anadolu’da Türk öncesi var olan Sümer ve Eti uygarlıklar, Balkanlara göç eden Peçenekler gibi Türk boyları daha çok önem kazanmıştır. Bu araştırma Türk tarih yazımbiliminde vurgu ve ihmal edilen noktalara bakmaktadır

Keywords

Tarih Yazım Bilimi, Anadolu, Balkanlar, Millet İnşa Etme

Forging A Nation: The Role of The Balkans in Turkish Historiography

Abstract

In Turkish historiography the aspect of ‘nation’ is closely tied to geography. This is not different with other nations. However, one important aspect is that Turkishhistoriography implements a western concept of ‘the geographical nation’ while the Turkish culture differs in some ways from the western one. The western civilizations are defined by peasants that mostly stayed on one location which made a geographical form of ‘nation’ much more suitable for them. Turkey is found by nomadic horsemen who were never situated on one location but focused on rapid migration. These migrating Turkish tribes crossed continents, from Asia to Europe and even North Africa.Therefore, it is not surprising to see that Turkish historiography had to emphasize and leave out certain parts of its history in order to create a geographical focus with only one region. This was especially the case when the Balkans were left out of major historical events in Turkish historiography and replaced by Anatolian events. The focus on pre-Turkish civilizations in Anatolia, like the Sumerians and Hittites, instead of Turkish tribes in the Balkans for instance the Peçeneks seems to fit in this picture. This paper will look into this emphasis and neglect in Turkish historiography

Keywords

Historiography, Anatolia, Balkans, nationbuilding, Turkey, nation

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