Spor Rehabilitasyonunda Motor Öğrenme

Öz

Bir becerinin erken gelişimi sırasında hareket yürütmeye ilişkin bilişsel görüşler, bu becerinin işleyen bellekte bilinçli olarak erişilebilir bildirimsel bilginin oluşumuna, geri alınmasına ve uygulanmasına büyük ölçüde bağlı olduğunu kabul eder. Beceri edinmenin bu erken bildirimsel aşaması sırasında hareket hazırlama ve kontrolün dikkat talepleri yüksektir, ancak öğrenen daha yetkin hale geldikçe, hareket uygulamasını destekleyen bildirimsel bilgi, aşamalı olarak zengin bir prosedürel temsile dönüşür. Bilinçli olarak yapılmasına gerek kalmaz ve çok daha az dikkat gerektirir. İnsanların çevreye tepki verme ve çevreye uyum sağlama şekillerinin çoğu, bu bilinçli farkındalık olmaksızın dolaylı olarak gerçekleşmektedir. Yine de, sporda motor beceriler ve günlük yaşam için gerekli olan herhangi bir sayıdaki öğrenilmiş beceriler, genellikle açık bir şekilde edinilir ve bu durum, bunların icrası sırasında bilinçten çok büyük katkılarla sonuçlanabilir. Mevcut yaklaşımlarda motor öğrenme önemli olsa da rehabilitasyon programlarında özellikle spor alanında göz ardı edilen konulardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı spor rehabilitasyonunda motor öğrenme, kortikal plastisite ve nöromüsküler eğitimin önemini incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Motor öğrenme
• spor
• egzersiz
• ÖÇB
• rehabilitasyon

Motor Learning in Sport Rehabilitation

Abstract

Cognitive views on movement execution during the early development of a skill recognize that this skill is highly dependent on the formation, retrieval, and application of consciously accessible declarative information in working memory. During this early declarative phase of skill acquisition, the attention demands of motion preparation and control are high, but as the learner becomes more proficient, the declarative information supporting motion practice gradually evolves into a rich procedural representation. It doesn't need to be done consciously and requires much less attention. Much of the way people respond to and adapt to the environment happens indirectly without this conscious awareness. Nevertheless, motor skills in sport and any number of learned skills necessary for daily life are often clearly acquired and this can result in enormous contributions from consciousness during their execution. Although motor learning is important in current approaches, it is one of the neglected subjects in rehabilitation programs, especially in the field of sports. The aim of this study is to examine the importance of motor learning, cortical plasticity and neuromuscular training in sports rehabilitation.

Keywords

• Motor learning
• sport
• exercise
• ACL
• rehabilitation

Kaynakça

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