ELİT VOLEYBOLCULARIN ANTRENMAN İÇSEL YÜK ALGILANAN ZORLUK DERECESİ VE ZİNDELİK DURUMLARININ TAKİBİ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, elit kadın voleybolcuların antrenmanlarda içsel yük Algılanan Zorluk Derecesi (AZD) değerleri ve zindelik durumu değerlerinin aylık olarak takip edilmesidir. Çalışmaya Vestel Venüs Sultanlar Lig’inde oynayan 15 kadın (yaş=26.4 ± 3.43) voleybolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcıların zindelik durumları; zindelik durum anketi, antrenman içsel yükleri; AZD anketi ile 16 hafta boyunca kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmadaki verilerin analizinde, tekrarlı ölçümler arasındaki farklılıkları belirlemede, nonparametrik testlerden Friedman testi kullanılmış, ölçümler arasındaki fark ise Wilcoxon testi ile belirlenmiştir. Yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonuçlarına göre voleybolcuların aylık zindelik durumlarının tekrarlanan ölçümleri arasında 1. ay ile 2. ay arasında 2. ay lehine; 1. ay ile 4. ay arasında 4. ay lehine; anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın antrenman içsel yük, AZD’nin tekrarlanan ölçümlerinde aylar arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Elit bir voleybol takımının sezon boyunca yoğun antrenman ve maç takvimleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda sporcuların antrenman yüklerinin kolay bir şekilde uygulanan ve hızlı sonuç veren zindelik durum ve AZD anketleri ile takip edilmesi antrenman periyotlamasına yön veren önemli bir parametre olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Voleybol
• antrenman içsel yük
• zindelik durumu

MONITORING OF TRAINING INTERNAL LOAD PERCEIVED DIFFICULTY AND FITNESS STATUS OF ELITE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to monitor the internal load perceived difficulty values (AZD) and fitness status values of elite female volleyball players in training on a monthly basis. 15 athletes (age=26.4 ± 3.43) from a womens volleyball team competing in the Vestel Venus Sultans League in the 2018-2019 season participated in the study voluntarily. The fitness status of the participants; fitness status scale, training internal loads; It was recorded with the RPE scale for 16 weeks. In the analysis of the data in the study, the Friedman test, which is one of the nonparametric tests, was used to determine the differences between repeated measurements, and the difference between the measurements was determined by the Wilcoxon test. According to the statistical analysis results, among the repeated measurements of the monthly fitness of volleyball players between the 1st month and the 2nd month in favor of the 2nd month; between the 1st month and the 4th month in favor of the 4th month; a significant difference was detected. On the other hand, it was determined that there was no significant difference between the months in the repeated measurements of training internal load RPE. Considering the intense training and match schedules of an elite volleyball team throughout the season, monitoring the training loads of the athletes with fitness status and RPE surveys that are applied easily and give fast results can be an important parameter that guides the training period.

Keywords

• volleyball
• training internal load
• fitness status

Kaynakça

1. Andrade, DM., Fernandes, G., Miranda, R., Coimbra, DR., Bara Filho, MG. (2018). Training load and recovery in volleyball during a competitive season, The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 1, 1-7.
2. Aoki, MS., Arruda, AF., Freitas, CG., Miloski, B., Marcelino, PR., Drago, G. (2017). Monitoring training loads, mood states, and jump performance over two periodized training mesocycles in elite young volleyball players, International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 12(1), 130-137.
3. Aquino, R., Palucci, LV., Cruz, LG., Pereira, PS. (2018). Relationship between field tests and match running performance in high-level young Brazilian soccer players, The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(3), 256-262.
4. Bourdon, PC., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, MC., Gabbett, TJ., Coutts, AJ., Burgess, DJ., Warren Gregson, N., Cable, T. (2017). Monitoring athlete training loads: consensus statement, International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(2), 161-170.
5. Borg, Gunnar. (1982). Psyehophysieal basis of pereeived exertion, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14(5), 377-381.
6. Buchheit, M., Racinais, S., Bilsborough, JC., Bourdon, PC., Voss, SC., Hocking, J,. Cordy, A., Mendez-Villanueva, A., Couttset, J. (2013). Monitoring fitness, fatigue and running performance during a pre-season training camp in elite football players, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16, 550-555.
7. Cardinale, M., Varley, MC. (2017). Wearable training-monitoring technology: Applications, challenges, and opportunities, International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(2), 2-55.
8. Coutts, AJ,. Reaburn, P., Piva, TJ., Rowsell, GJ. (2007). Monitoring for overreaching in rugby league players, European Journal of Applied Physiology Affiliations expand, 99, 313-324.

9. Debien, PB., Mancini, M., Coimbra, DR., de Freitas, DG., Miranda, R., Bara Filho, MG. (2018). Monitoring training load, recovery, and performance of Brazilian professional volleyball players during a season, International Journal Of Sports Physiology And Performance, 13(9), 1182-1189.
10. Foster, C. (1998). Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30, 1164-1168.
11. Foster, C., Florhaug, JA., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, LA., Parker, S., Doleshal, P., Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training, The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 15(1), 109-115.
12. Freitas, VHd., Nakamura, FY., Andrade, FCd., Pereira, LA., Coimbra, DR., Bara Filho, MG. (2015). Pre-competitive physical training and markers of performance, stress and recovery in young volleyball athletes, Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 17(1), 31-40.
13. Gabbett, TJ. (2016). The training injury prevention paradox: should athletes be training smarter and harder?, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5), 273-280.
14. Gastin, PB., Meyer, D., Robinson, D. (2013). Perceptions of wellness to monitor adaptive responses to training and competition in elite Australian football, The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27, 2518-2526.
15. Güneş, S. (2019). Profesyonel Erkek Basketbol Takımının Sezon İçi Antrenman Yük Profillerinin Belirlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
16. Halson, SL. (2014). Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes, Sports Medicine, 44(2), 139-147.
17. Hulin, BT., Gabbett, TJ., Blanch, P., Chapman, P., Bailey, D., Orchard, JW. (2014). Spikes in acute workload are associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(8), 708-712.
18. Hulin, BT., Gabbett, TJ., Johnston, RD., Jenkins, DG. (2018). Playerload variables are sensitive to changes in direction and not related to collision workloads in rugby league match-play, International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(9), 1136-1142.
19. Impellizzeri, FM., Rampinini, E., Coutts, AJ., Sassi, A., Marcora, SM. (2004). Use of AZD-based training load in soccer, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(6), 1042-1047.
20. Jeong, TS., Reilly, T., Morton, J., Bae, SW., Drust, B. (2011). Quantification of the physiological loading of one week of “pre-season” and one week of “in-season” training in professional soccer players, Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(11), 1161-1166.
21. Kellmann, M. (2010). Preventing overtraining in athletes in high‐intensity sports and stress/recovery monitoring, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in sports, 20, 95-102.
22. Malone, S., Owen, A., Mendes, B., Hughes, B., Collins, K., Gabbett, TJ. (2018). High-speed running and sprinting as an injury risk factor in soccer: Can well-developed physical qualities reduce the risk?, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(3), 257-262.
23. Mann, JB., Bryant, KR., Johnstone, B., Ivey, PA., Sayers, SP. (2016). Effect of physical and academic stress on illness and injury in division 1 college football players, The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(1), 20-25.
24. McGuigan, M. (2017). Monitoring Training And Performance İn Athletes: Human Kinetics.
25. Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue, Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(7), 519-528.
26. Mujika, I. (2017). Quantification of training and competition loads in endurance sports: methods and applications, International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(2), 217-229.
27. Schwellnus, M,. Soligard, T., Alonso, JM., Bahr, R., Clarsen, B., Dijkstra, HP., Gabbet, TJ., Gleeson, M., Hägglund, M., Hutchinson, RM., Van Rensburg, CJ., Meeusen, R., Orchard, JW., Pluim BM., Raftery, M., Budgett, R., Engebretsen, L. (2016). How much is too much? (Part 2), International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(17), 1043-1052.
28. Sheppard, JM., Gabbett, TJ., Stanganelli, LCR. (2009). An analysis of playing positions in elite men's volleyball: considerations for competition demands and physiologic characteristics, The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1858-1866.
29. Sheppard, JM., Newton, RU. (2012). Long-term training adaptations in elite male volleyball players, The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(8), 2180-2184.
30. Sheppard, JM., Nolan, E., Newton, RU. (2012). Changes in strength and power qualities over two years in volleyball players transitioning from junior to senior national team, The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(1), 152-157.
31. Sparks, M., Coetzee, B., Gabbett, TJ. (2017). Internal and external match loads of university-level soccer players: A comparison between methods, The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(4), 1072-1077.
32. Thornton, HR., Delaney, JA., Duthie, GM., Scott, BR., Chivers, WJ., Sanctuary, CE., Dascombe, B. (2016). Predicting self-reported illness for professional teamsport athletes, International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11, 543-550.
33. Timoteo, TF., Seixas, MB., Almeida Falci, MF., Debien, PB., Miloski, B., Miranda, R., Filho, GR. (2017). Impact of consecutive games on workload, state of recovery and well-being of professional volleyball players, Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 20(3), 130-140.