SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KIRSAL KALKINMA İÇİN YÖRESEL MİMARİ: KELEYBER BÖLGESİ (İRAN) ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 59 - 68, 30.06.2019

Faris Karahan , Sanaz Davardoust

Abstract

Arasbaran Koruma Bölgesi
içinde yer alan Kaleybar vadisi, kısıtlı altyapısı ve göze çarpan
potansiyelleri ile dikkat çekici bir kırsal turizm alanına sahiptir. Yöresel
mimari, kırsal turizmin sürdürülebilir kalkınmasına katkıda bulunan en önemli
faktörlerden birini temsil etmektedir.

Bu araştırmanın amacı,
bölgenin tipik mimarisini bina tipolojisi ve bina fiziği açısından
değerlendirmektedir. Kaleybar bölgesinin yöresel mimarisini değerlendirebilmek
için (Anna Maria 2009) yönteminden yararlanarak; araştırma alanı içinde
belirlenen beş köyden altı ev seçilmiştir. Evlerin plan ve kesitleri yazarın
kişisel alan çalışmaları, ölçüleri, eskizleri, gözlem ve yerel halkın
görüşmeleri ile hazırlanımştır. Değerlendirmeler yerleşim düzenini (güneş ve
rüzgâra göre yönlendirme, en boy oranı), aralığı (açık alan), açıklığı
(boyut-konum, yarı açık alanlar), bina örtüsünü (duvarlar, çatılar)
içermektedir.

 Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre
bölgenin yöresel mimari tasarım ilkeleri, tamamen çevre ve iklime düşünceli bir
yaklaşıma dayanmaktadır. Yerel mimarinin pasif tasarım ilkelerin kullanılması,
bölgedeki sürdürülebilir kırsal kalkınma ile ilgili mimari uygulamalarda
önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Yöresel Mimari, Sürdürülebilir Kırsal Kalkınma, Kırsal Binalar, Kırsal Turizm, Arasbaran

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF KALEYBAR DISTRICT IN IRAN

Abstract

Located within Arasbaran Protected Zone, Kaleybar is an attractive rural tourism area of noticeable potentials yet suffering from limited infrastructures. Vernacular architecture represents one of the major factors contributing into sustainable development of rural tourism. In order to evaluate vernacular architecture of Kaleybar area, six houses of five villages of Arasbaran Protected Zone were selected. The plan and section of the houses were prepared through personal fieldwork, the author’s measurements, sketches, observation and local people’s interviews.  This paper evaluates vernacular architecture of the region, in term of building typology and building physics. Including layout (orientation in relation to the sun and wind, aspect ratio), spacing (open space), opening (size-position, semi-open spaces), building envelope (walls, roofs). These design principles of dwellings bases on a thoughtful approach to environment and climate.  These passive design principles of vernacular architecture can be utilized as ecological pattern in architectural practice within the region in relation to sustainable rural development.

Keywords

Vernacular Architecture, Sustainable Rural Development, Rural Buildings, Rural Tourism

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