Rumenin Mikrobiyel Ekosistemindeki Bakteriler ve Rolleri

Abstract

Rumenin mikrobiyel ekosistemi; bakteri, archaea, protozoa, mantar ve bakteriofajlardan oluşmaktadır. Bakteriler rumendeki mikrobiyel kitlenin yaklaşık %40-60’nı oluştururlar. Ruminantlar selüloz, hemiselüloz, lignin, nişasta, protein ve çok az miktarda da yağ içeren lignoselülozik yem maddeleri ile beslenirler. Rumen ortamı bu yem bileşenlerini sindirebilen çok çeşitli bakterileri barındırır. Rumende yaklaşık olarak 200’den fazla bakteri türü izole edilmiştir ve en az 20 türün de rumende 107-1010 düzeyinde bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Rumende ml de 107 den fazla bulunan bakteriler baskın bakteriler olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bakteriler ve diğer mikrobiyel gruplar arasındaki ilişkiler sonucu rumende uçucu yağ asitleri (UYA), karbondioksit, metan, amonyak ve mikrobiyel hücreler elde edilir. Mikroorganizmalar tarafından üretilen mikrobiyel proteinler ve vitaminler ruminantlar için çok büyük önem taşımaktadır. Rumende bulunan mikrobiyel ekosistemler arasındaki etkileşim şekillenen fermantasyonun ve mikrobiyel topluluğun stabilitesinin devamlılığı için önemlidir. Rumendeki mikroorganizma sayısı ve oranı; rasyonun yapısı, hayvanın türü, uçucu yağ asitlerinin oranı, yemin formu, rumen pH’sı gibi faktörlere göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu derlemede rumen bakterilerinin identifikasyonu, karakterizasyonu ve rumen sindirimindeki rollerine yer verilmiştir. 

Keywords

• Bakteri, Mikrobiyel ekoloji, Rumen ekosistemi

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