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Abstract

Heat stress is an important factor influencing animal welfare negatively, decreasing efficiency in dairy production, leading to economic loss by increasing health problems. Appropriate description of animals experiencing heat stress and comprehension of biological mechanism(s) of heat stress causing a decline in milk synthesis, growth and reproductive indices may contribute for development of new approaches in minimising low efficiency during stressful summer months and in sustaining efficiency. The biological mechanism of heat stress is partly explained by reduced feed intake. At the same time, heat stress alters endocrine status, causes reduction in rumination and in nutrient absorption, and increases maintenance requirements resulting changes in absorption of nutrients and utilisation of energy. It has been observed that there is thermal discrepancy between the utilisation of nutrients under heat stress conditions. Therefore, during heat stress all these aspects are presumably a mechanism to minimise metabolic heat production. In this paper, we discussed how animals respond to heat stress and how heat stress affects the metabolism and post-absorption of nutrients

Keywords

• Dairy cow, Heat stress, Metabolism, Performance, Ruminant

Ruminantlarda Sıcaklık Stresinin Metabolizma Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

 

Sıcaklık stresi hayvan refahını olumsuz yönde etkileyen, hayvansal üretimde verimliliği düşüren, sağlık sorunlarını artırarak ekonomik kayıplara yol açan bir olgudur. Sıcaklık stresi yaşayan hayvanları doğru tanımlamak, bu stresin süt verimi, büyüme ve üreme performansını düşürmesinin biyolojik mekanizmalarını kavramak, verimliliği sürdürebilmek, yaz aylarında gözlenen sıcağa bağlı verim düşüklüğünü en aza indirilebilmek için yenilikçi yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine olanak tanır. Sıcaklık stresinin biyolojik mekanizması, ruminantlarda kısmen yem tüketimindeki azalmaya bağlıdır. Aynı zamanda yüksek çevre sıcaklığına bağlı endokrin sistemdeki değişimler, geviş getirme ve besin maddeleri emilimindeki düşme, yaşama payı gereksinimlerinin artması sonucunda verim için gerekli olan besin maddelerinin ve enerjinin kullanımında farklılıklar görülür. Sıcaklık stresinde besin maddelerinin organizmada kullanımında termik bir ayrımın olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bütün bunlar sıcağa maruz kalan hayvanların vücutlarındaki ısı üretimini düşürmek için kullandıkları bir mekanizmadır. Bu makalede hayvanların sıcaklık stresine nasıl tepki verdikleri ve sıcaklık stresinin besin maddeleri metabolizması üzerine olan etkileri tartışılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Metabolizma, Ruminant, Sıcaklık stresi, Süt ineği, Verim

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