Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Buzağıların Sütten Kesim Öncesi Besleme Prensipleri

Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 348 - 354, 30.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.282994

Abstract

Süt
sığırcılığında sürü yönetimi ve devamlılığının en önemli ve vazgeçilmez
öğelerinden biri de buzağıların bakımı ve beslenmesidir. Sütten kesim
öncesindeki buzağılar, çevresel değişimler, beslenme problemleri, zayıf
immunite ve patojenler gibi birçok stres faktörü ile karşı karşıya
kalmaktadırlar. Süt sığırcılığındaki finansal kayıpların önemli bir bölümünü
buzağılarda meydana gelen hastalıklar ve buzağı ölümleri oluşturmaktadır.  Söz konusu finansal kayıplar direkt buzağı
ölümü, uzun süreli tedavi masrafları ve performans düşüklüğü şeklinde ortaya
çıkmaktadır. Sütten kesime kadar olan dönemde, üzerinde durulması gereken en
önemli konulardan biri de rumenin erken ve sağlıklı bir şekilde geliştirilmesi
ile optimum zamanda katı yemlere geçişin sağlanabilmesidir. Buzağıların
doğumdan sütten kesime kadar olan dönemde nasıl beslenmeleri gerektiği ile
ilgili stratejiler her geçen gün değişmektedir. Buzağıların bir günde ne kadar
miktarda süt, buzağı başlangıç yemi ve kaba yem tüketmeleri gerektiği ve bu
yemlerin hangi zaman aralıklarında ve ne kadar süre ile verilmesi gerektiğine
ilişkin birçok bilimsel araştırma yapılmıştır. Besleme yöntemindeki bilimsel
gelişmeler ve iyileştirmeler, buzağının sağlıklı bir şekilde rumen gelişimine
katkıda bulunarak hastalıklara karşı olan duyarlılığını azaltmasının yanında,
canlı ağırlık artışını olumlu yönde etkileyebileceğine ve buzağı mortalitesini
azaltabileceğine dair yeni prensipler bulunmaktadır.

References

  • 1. Davis CL., Drackley JK., 1998. The development, nutrition and management of the young calf. Ames (IA), Iowa State University Press.
  • 2. Blum JW., 2006. Nutritional physiology of neonatal calves. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 90, 1-11.
  • 3. Khan MA., Weary DM., Von Keyserlıngk MAG., 2011. Invited review: effects of milk ration on solid feed intake, weaning and performance in dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 94, 1071-1081.
  • 4. Heinrichs J., 2005. Rumen Development in the dairy calf. Advances in Dairy Technology, 17,179.
  • 5. Longenbach JI., Heinrichs AJ., 1998. A review of the importance and physiological role of curd formation in the abomasum of young calves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 73, 85-97.
  • 6. Beharka AA., Nagaraja TG., Morrill JL., Kennedy GA., Klemm RD., 1998. Effects of form form of the diet on anatomical, microbial and fermentative development of the rumen of neonatal calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 81, 1946-1955.
  • 7. Heinrichs AJ., Jones CM., 2003. Feeding the newborn dairy calf. Pennstate University, Collage of Agricultural Sciences, Research and Cooperative Extension, CAT UD013, The Pennsylvania State University, 112 Agricultural Administration Building, University Park, PA 16802.
  • 8. Sander EG., Warner HN., Harrison HN., Loosli JK., 1959. The stimulatory effect of sodium butyrate and sodium propionate on the development of rumen mucosa in the young calf. Journal of Dairy Science, 42, 1600-1605.
  • 9. National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 2001. Seventh Edition, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
  • 10. Baldwin RL., Mcleod KR., 2000. Effects of diet forage: concentrate ratio and metabolizable energy intake on isolated rumen epithelial cell metabolism in vitro. Journal of Animal Science, 78, 771-783.
  • 11. Baldwin RL., Mcleod KR., Klotz JL., Heitmann RN., 2004. Rumen development, intestinal growth and hepatic metabolism in the pre- and post-weaning ruminant. Journal of Dairy Science,87, 55-65.
  • 12. Heinrichs AJ., Lesmeister KE., 2005. Rumen development in the dairy calf. In Gransworthy PC, editor. Calf and heifer rearing. Nottingham (UK), Nottingham University Press. 55-65.
  • 13. Tamate H., Mcgıiliard AD., Jacobson NL., Getty R., 1962. Effects of various dietaries on the anatomical development of the stomach in the calf. Journal of Dairy Science, 45, 408-420.
  • 14. Warner RG., Flatt WP., Lossli JK., 1956. Dietary factors influencing the development of the ruminant stomach. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 4, 788-792.
  • 15. Beharka AA., Nagaraja TG., Morrill JL., Kennedy GA., Klemm RD., 1998. Effects of form form of the diet on anatomical, microbial and fermentative development of the rumen of neonatal calves. Journal of Dairy Science,81, 1946-1955.
  • 16. Greenwood RH., Morrill JL., Titgemeyer EC., Kennedy GA., 1997. A new method of mesauring diet abrasion and its effect on the development of the forestomach. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 2534-2541.
  • 17. Guilloteau P., Le Huërou-Luron LE., Toullec R., Chayvınalle JA., Zabielski R., Blum JW., 1997. Gastrointestinal regulatory peptides and growth factors in young cattle and sheep. Journal of Veterinary Medicine,44, 1-23.
  • 18. Guilloteau P., Biernat M., Wolinski J., Zabielski R., 2002. Gut regulatory peptides and hormones of the small gut. In: Zabielski R, Gregory PC, Weström B (eds), Biology of the Intestine in Growing Animals. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. 325-362.
  • 19. Buddıngton RK., 1994. Nutrition and otogenic development of the intestine. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 72, 251-259.
  • 20. Blätter U., Hammon HM., Morel C., Philipona C., Rauprich A., Rome V., Le Huërou-Luron Le I., Guilloteau P., Blum JW., 2001. Feeding colostrum, its composition and feeden duration variably modify proliferation and morphology of the intestine and digestive enzyme activities of neonatal calves. Journal of Nutrition, 131, 1256-1263.
  • 21. Özen N., 1999. Süt sığırlarının beslenmesi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. Yardımcı Ders Notu, No:3, Antalya.
  • 22. Özhan M., Tüzemen N., Yanar M., 2004. Büyükbaş hayvan yetiştirme. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 134, Erzurum.
  • 23. Güngör Ö., 2006. Neonatal buzağılar ve kolostrum. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 12, 103-108.
  • 24. Morin DE., Mccoy GC., Hurley WL., 1997. Effects of quality, quantity and timing of colostrum feeding and addition of a dried colostrum supplement on immunglobulin G1 absorption in Holstein bull calves. Journal of Diary Science. 80, 747-753.
  • 25. Jasper J., Weary DM., 2002. Effects of ad libitum milk intake on dairy calves. Journal of Diary Science, 85, 3054-3058.
  • 26. Górka P., Kowalski ZM., Pietrzak P., Kotunia A., Jagusiak W., Zabielski R., 2011. Is rumen development in newborn calves affected by different liquid feeds and small intestine development?. Journal of Diary Science, 94, 3002-3013.
  • 27. Khan MA., Lee HJ., Lee WS., Kim HS., Ki KS., Hur TY., Suh GH., Kang SJ., Choi JY., 2007. Structural growth, rumen development and metabolic, immune responses of Holstein male calves fed milk through step-down and conventional merhodes. Journal of Dairy Science, 90, 3376-3387.
  • 28. Huzzey JM., Keyserling Von MAG., Weary DM., 2005. Changes in feeding, drinking and standing behavior of dairy cows during the transition period. Journal of Diary Science, 88, 2454-2461.
  • 29. Quigley JD III., Drewry JJ., Murray LM., 1997. Effects of lasalocid in milk replacer or calf starter on health and performance of calves challenged with Eimeria species. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 1751-1754.
  • 30. Baldwin RL., Mcleod KR., Klotz JL., Heitmann RN., 2004. Rumen development, intestinal growth and hepatic metabolism in the pre- and post-weaning ruminant. Journal of Dairy Science, 87, 55-65.
  • 31. Hammon HM., Schiessler G., Nussbaum A., Blum JW., 2002. Feed intake patterns, growth performance, and metabolic and endocrine traits in calves fed unlimited amounts of colostrum and milk by automate, starting in the neonatal period. Journal of Diary Science, 85, 3352-3362.
  • 32. Khan MA., Lee HJ., Lee WS., Kim HS., Kim SB., Ki KS., Ha JK., Lee HG., Choi YJ., 2007. Pre- and post weaning performance of Holstein female calves fed milk through step-down and conventional methods. Journal of Diary Science, 90, 876-885.
  • 33. Sweeney BC., Rushen JP., Weary DM., DE Pasillé AMB., 2010. Duration of weaning, starter intake and weight gain of dairy calves fed large amounts of milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 93, 148-152.
  • 34. Williams PEV., Frost AJ., 1992. Feeding the young ruminant. In Neonatal Survival and Growth, Occasional Punl. No. 15. Varley M, Williams PEV, Lawrence TLJ, ED. British Social Animal Production Edinburgh, UK. Sayfa: 109-118.
  • 35. Thomas TJ., Weary DM., Appleby MC., 2001. Newborn and 5-week-old calves vocalise in response to milk deprivation. Applying Animal Behaviour. Sciences, 74, 165-173.
  • 36. Jensen MB., Holm L., 2003. The effect of milk flow rate and milk allowance on feeding behaviour in dairy calves fed by computer controlled milk feeders. Applying Animal Behaviour. Sciences, 82, 87-100.
  • 37. De Paula Vieira A., Guesdon V., De Pasillé AM., Von Keyserlingk., Weary DM., 2008. Behavioural indicators of hunger in dairy calves. Applying Animal Behaviour. Sciences, 109, 180-189.
  • 38. Krachun C., Rushen J., De Pasillé AM., 2010. Play behaviour in dairy calves in reduced by weaning and by a low ebergy intake. Applying Animal Behaviour. Sciences, 122, 71-76.
  • 39. Drackley JK., Blome RM., Bartlett KS., Bailey KL., 2006. Supplementation of 1% L-glutamine to milk replacer does not overcome the growth depression in calves caused by spy protein concentrate. Journal of Dairy Science, 89, 1688-1693.
  • 40. Jones C., Heinrichs J., 2007. Early weaning strategies. The Pennsylvania State University, Collage of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension. DAS: 07-117.
Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 348 - 354, 30.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.282994

Abstract

References

  • 1. Davis CL., Drackley JK., 1998. The development, nutrition and management of the young calf. Ames (IA), Iowa State University Press.
  • 2. Blum JW., 2006. Nutritional physiology of neonatal calves. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 90, 1-11.
  • 3. Khan MA., Weary DM., Von Keyserlıngk MAG., 2011. Invited review: effects of milk ration on solid feed intake, weaning and performance in dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 94, 1071-1081.
  • 4. Heinrichs J., 2005. Rumen Development in the dairy calf. Advances in Dairy Technology, 17,179.
  • 5. Longenbach JI., Heinrichs AJ., 1998. A review of the importance and physiological role of curd formation in the abomasum of young calves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 73, 85-97.
  • 6. Beharka AA., Nagaraja TG., Morrill JL., Kennedy GA., Klemm RD., 1998. Effects of form form of the diet on anatomical, microbial and fermentative development of the rumen of neonatal calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 81, 1946-1955.
  • 7. Heinrichs AJ., Jones CM., 2003. Feeding the newborn dairy calf. Pennstate University, Collage of Agricultural Sciences, Research and Cooperative Extension, CAT UD013, The Pennsylvania State University, 112 Agricultural Administration Building, University Park, PA 16802.
  • 8. Sander EG., Warner HN., Harrison HN., Loosli JK., 1959. The stimulatory effect of sodium butyrate and sodium propionate on the development of rumen mucosa in the young calf. Journal of Dairy Science, 42, 1600-1605.
  • 9. National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 2001. Seventh Edition, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
  • 10. Baldwin RL., Mcleod KR., 2000. Effects of diet forage: concentrate ratio and metabolizable energy intake on isolated rumen epithelial cell metabolism in vitro. Journal of Animal Science, 78, 771-783.
  • 11. Baldwin RL., Mcleod KR., Klotz JL., Heitmann RN., 2004. Rumen development, intestinal growth and hepatic metabolism in the pre- and post-weaning ruminant. Journal of Dairy Science,87, 55-65.
  • 12. Heinrichs AJ., Lesmeister KE., 2005. Rumen development in the dairy calf. In Gransworthy PC, editor. Calf and heifer rearing. Nottingham (UK), Nottingham University Press. 55-65.
  • 13. Tamate H., Mcgıiliard AD., Jacobson NL., Getty R., 1962. Effects of various dietaries on the anatomical development of the stomach in the calf. Journal of Dairy Science, 45, 408-420.
  • 14. Warner RG., Flatt WP., Lossli JK., 1956. Dietary factors influencing the development of the ruminant stomach. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 4, 788-792.
  • 15. Beharka AA., Nagaraja TG., Morrill JL., Kennedy GA., Klemm RD., 1998. Effects of form form of the diet on anatomical, microbial and fermentative development of the rumen of neonatal calves. Journal of Dairy Science,81, 1946-1955.
  • 16. Greenwood RH., Morrill JL., Titgemeyer EC., Kennedy GA., 1997. A new method of mesauring diet abrasion and its effect on the development of the forestomach. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 2534-2541.
  • 17. Guilloteau P., Le Huërou-Luron LE., Toullec R., Chayvınalle JA., Zabielski R., Blum JW., 1997. Gastrointestinal regulatory peptides and growth factors in young cattle and sheep. Journal of Veterinary Medicine,44, 1-23.
  • 18. Guilloteau P., Biernat M., Wolinski J., Zabielski R., 2002. Gut regulatory peptides and hormones of the small gut. In: Zabielski R, Gregory PC, Weström B (eds), Biology of the Intestine in Growing Animals. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. 325-362.
  • 19. Buddıngton RK., 1994. Nutrition and otogenic development of the intestine. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 72, 251-259.
  • 20. Blätter U., Hammon HM., Morel C., Philipona C., Rauprich A., Rome V., Le Huërou-Luron Le I., Guilloteau P., Blum JW., 2001. Feeding colostrum, its composition and feeden duration variably modify proliferation and morphology of the intestine and digestive enzyme activities of neonatal calves. Journal of Nutrition, 131, 1256-1263.
  • 21. Özen N., 1999. Süt sığırlarının beslenmesi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. Yardımcı Ders Notu, No:3, Antalya.
  • 22. Özhan M., Tüzemen N., Yanar M., 2004. Büyükbaş hayvan yetiştirme. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 134, Erzurum.
  • 23. Güngör Ö., 2006. Neonatal buzağılar ve kolostrum. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 12, 103-108.
  • 24. Morin DE., Mccoy GC., Hurley WL., 1997. Effects of quality, quantity and timing of colostrum feeding and addition of a dried colostrum supplement on immunglobulin G1 absorption in Holstein bull calves. Journal of Diary Science. 80, 747-753.
  • 25. Jasper J., Weary DM., 2002. Effects of ad libitum milk intake on dairy calves. Journal of Diary Science, 85, 3054-3058.
  • 26. Górka P., Kowalski ZM., Pietrzak P., Kotunia A., Jagusiak W., Zabielski R., 2011. Is rumen development in newborn calves affected by different liquid feeds and small intestine development?. Journal of Diary Science, 94, 3002-3013.
  • 27. Khan MA., Lee HJ., Lee WS., Kim HS., Ki KS., Hur TY., Suh GH., Kang SJ., Choi JY., 2007. Structural growth, rumen development and metabolic, immune responses of Holstein male calves fed milk through step-down and conventional merhodes. Journal of Dairy Science, 90, 3376-3387.
  • 28. Huzzey JM., Keyserling Von MAG., Weary DM., 2005. Changes in feeding, drinking and standing behavior of dairy cows during the transition period. Journal of Diary Science, 88, 2454-2461.
  • 29. Quigley JD III., Drewry JJ., Murray LM., 1997. Effects of lasalocid in milk replacer or calf starter on health and performance of calves challenged with Eimeria species. Journal of Dairy Science, 80, 1751-1754.
  • 30. Baldwin RL., Mcleod KR., Klotz JL., Heitmann RN., 2004. Rumen development, intestinal growth and hepatic metabolism in the pre- and post-weaning ruminant. Journal of Dairy Science, 87, 55-65.
  • 31. Hammon HM., Schiessler G., Nussbaum A., Blum JW., 2002. Feed intake patterns, growth performance, and metabolic and endocrine traits in calves fed unlimited amounts of colostrum and milk by automate, starting in the neonatal period. Journal of Diary Science, 85, 3352-3362.
  • 32. Khan MA., Lee HJ., Lee WS., Kim HS., Kim SB., Ki KS., Ha JK., Lee HG., Choi YJ., 2007. Pre- and post weaning performance of Holstein female calves fed milk through step-down and conventional methods. Journal of Diary Science, 90, 876-885.
  • 33. Sweeney BC., Rushen JP., Weary DM., DE Pasillé AMB., 2010. Duration of weaning, starter intake and weight gain of dairy calves fed large amounts of milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 93, 148-152.
  • 34. Williams PEV., Frost AJ., 1992. Feeding the young ruminant. In Neonatal Survival and Growth, Occasional Punl. No. 15. Varley M, Williams PEV, Lawrence TLJ, ED. British Social Animal Production Edinburgh, UK. Sayfa: 109-118.
  • 35. Thomas TJ., Weary DM., Appleby MC., 2001. Newborn and 5-week-old calves vocalise in response to milk deprivation. Applying Animal Behaviour. Sciences, 74, 165-173.
  • 36. Jensen MB., Holm L., 2003. The effect of milk flow rate and milk allowance on feeding behaviour in dairy calves fed by computer controlled milk feeders. Applying Animal Behaviour. Sciences, 82, 87-100.
  • 37. De Paula Vieira A., Guesdon V., De Pasillé AM., Von Keyserlingk., Weary DM., 2008. Behavioural indicators of hunger in dairy calves. Applying Animal Behaviour. Sciences, 109, 180-189.
  • 38. Krachun C., Rushen J., De Pasillé AM., 2010. Play behaviour in dairy calves in reduced by weaning and by a low ebergy intake. Applying Animal Behaviour. Sciences, 122, 71-76.
  • 39. Drackley JK., Blome RM., Bartlett KS., Bailey KL., 2006. Supplementation of 1% L-glutamine to milk replacer does not overcome the growth depression in calves caused by spy protein concentrate. Journal of Dairy Science, 89, 1688-1693.
  • 40. Jones C., Heinrichs J., 2007. Early weaning strategies. The Pennsylvania State University, Collage of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension. DAS: 07-117.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Erhan Başer This is me

Publication Date December 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Başer, E. (2016). Buzağıların Sütten Kesim Öncesi Besleme Prensipleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 348-354. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.282994
AMA Başer E. Buzağıların Sütten Kesim Öncesi Besleme Prensipleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. December 2016;11(3):348-354. doi:10.17094/ataunivbd.282994
Chicago Başer, Erhan. “Buzağıların Sütten Kesim Öncesi Besleme Prensipleri”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no. 3 (December 2016): 348-54. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.282994.
EndNote Başer E (December 1, 2016) Buzağıların Sütten Kesim Öncesi Besleme Prensipleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 11 3 348–354.
IEEE E. Başer, “Buzağıların Sütten Kesim Öncesi Besleme Prensipleri”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 348–354, 2016, doi: 10.17094/ataunivbd.282994.
ISNAD Başer, Erhan. “Buzağıların Sütten Kesim Öncesi Besleme Prensipleri”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 11/3 (December 2016), 348-354. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.282994.
JAMA Başer E. Buzağıların Sütten Kesim Öncesi Besleme Prensipleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;11:348–354.
MLA Başer, Erhan. “Buzağıların Sütten Kesim Öncesi Besleme Prensipleri”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 3, 2016, pp. 348-54, doi:10.17094/ataunivbd.282994.
Vancouver Başer E. Buzağıların Sütten Kesim Öncesi Besleme Prensipleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;11(3):348-54.

Cited By

SÜT İKAME YEMİ
Veteriner Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Derneği Bülteni
Samet KÖSE
https://doi.org/10.38137/vetfarmatoksbulten.716467