Abstract
Veteriner doğum ve jinekolojide sıklıkla uygulanan sezaryen ve piyometra operasyonlarında hem hastanın ağrı ve acı hissini ortadan kaldırmak hem de hekim ve yardımcılarının güvenliğini sağlamak amacıyla anestezik maddeler kullanılmaktadır. Sezaryen ve piyometra operasyonlarında yapılan premedikasyon, preoperatif dönemde yapılacak intravenöz kateterizasyon ve oksijenizasyon sırasında annede oluşabilecek stres ve kaygıyı önler. Bununla birlikte dengeli ve etkili bir premedikasyon, indüksiyon için kullanılacak anestezik madde miktarının azalmasına neden olur. İndüksiyon için sedatif-hipnotik (tiyopental, propofol, alfaksalon, etomidat), dissosiyatif (Ketamin HCL) ve inhalasyon ajanlar (izofluran, sevofluran, desfluran) sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Gebe hayvanlarda kullanılacak anestezik ve analjezik maddeler fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri nedeniyle etkilerini kan-beyin bariyerini geçerek gösterir. Bu durum anestezik maddelerin, plasental bariyeri de kolayca geçerek fetüs üzerinde olumsuz etkiler görülmesine yol açar. Yavruları etkilemeden sadece anneyi anesteziye alabilecek bir protokol yoktur. Bu nedenle hem anneyi hem de yavruyu en az şekilde etkileyen bir anestezi protokol seçilmelidir. Piyometralı hayvanlarda ise başlıca; böbrek yetmezliği, kardiyak aritmi ve hepatik işlev bozukluğu gözlendiğinden, bu sorunlara karşı uygun anestezi protokolü seçilmelidir. Bu derleme sezaryen ve piyometra operasyonlarına alınacak hastalarda kullanılabilecek güvenli ve etkili anestezik maddeler ve anestezi protokolleri hakkında bilgi vermek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
References
- 1. Tranquilli WJ., Thurmon JC., Grimm KA., 2007. Lumb and Jones Veterinary Anesthesia And Analgesia. 4th ed., 330-335, Blackwell Publishing, Britain. 2. Koç B., Sarıtaş Z., Şener O., 2004. Veteriner Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon. 1th ed., 69-71, Medipress, Malatya. 3. Topal A., 2005. Veteriner Anestezi. 1th ed., 143-147, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, Bursa. 4. Anadol E., Gültiken N., 2014. Kedi ve köpeklerde güç doğum olgusuna şirurjikal yaklaşım ve anestezi seçenekleri. Dicle Üniv Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 15-40. 5. Tranquilli WJ., Thurmon JC., Grimm KA., 2015. Lumb and Jones Veterinary Anesthesia And Analgesia. 5st ed., 330-335, Blackwell Publishing, Britain. 6. Clarke KW., Trim CM., Hall LW., 2014. Veterinary Anaesthesia. 11th ed., 587-598, Saunders Elsevier, Britain. 7. De Cramer KGM., Joubert KE., Nöthling JO., 2017. Puppy survival and vigor associated with the use of low dose medetomidine premedication, propofol induction and maintenance of anesthesia using sevoflurane gas-inhalation for cesarean section in the bitch. Theriogenology, 96, 10-15. 8. Groppetti D., Di Cesare F., Pecile A., Cagnardi P., Merlanti R., D'Urso ES., Ravasio G., 2019. Maternal and neonatal wellbeing during elective C-section induced with a combination of propofol and dexmedetomidine: How effective is the placental barrier in dogs?. Theriogenology, 129, 90-98. 9. Conde Ruiz C., Del Carro AP., Rosset E., Guyot E., Maroiller L., Buff S., Portier K., 2016. Alfaxalone for total intravenous anaesthesia in bitches undergoing elective caesarean section and its effects on puppies: A randomized clinical trial. Vet Anaesth Analg, 43, 281-290. 10. Self I., 2019. Anaesthesia for canine caesarean section. Companion Anim, 24, 84-90. 11. Koç B., Sarıtaş Z., Şenel O., 2012. Veteriner Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon. 2ed., 69-71, Malatya, Medipress. 12. Mathews KA., Sinclair M., Andrea MS., Tamara G., 2018. Analgesia and Anesthesia for the III or Injured Dog and Cat. 1th., 279, USA, Wıley Blackwell. 13. Kanay B., Altan S., 2015. Gebe hayvanlarda anestezi yöntemleri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci, 1, 52-57. 14. Moon PF., Erb HN., Ludders JW., Gleed RD., Pascoe PJ., 2000. Perioperative risk factors for puppies delivered by cesarean section in the United States and Canada. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 36, 359-368. 15. Moon Massat PF., Erb HN., 2002. Perioperative factors associated with puppy vigor after delivery by cesarean section. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 38, 90-96. 16. Lemke KA., 2004. Perioperative use of selective alpha-2 agonists and antagonists in small animals. Can Vet J, 45, 475. 17. Sinclair MD., 2003. A review of the physiological effects of α2-agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice. Can Vet J, 44, 885. 18. Clarke K., Trim C., Hall L., 2014. Veterinary anesthesia. 11th ed., 19-63, Saunders, Elsevier, Britain. 19. Traas A., 2008. Surgical management of canine and feline dystocia. Theriogenology, 70, 337-342. 20. Doebeli A., Michel E., Bettschart R., Hartnack S., Reichler IM., 2013. Apgar score after induction of anesthesia for canine cesarean section with alfaxalone versus propofol. Theriogenology, 80, 850-854. 21. Robertson, S., Anaesthetic management for caesarean sections in dogs and cats. In Practice, 2016. 38, 327-339. 22. Hu L., Pan J., Zhang S., Yu J., He K., Shu S., Wang R., 2017. Propofol in combination with remifentanil for cesarean section: Placental transfer and effect on mothers and newborns at different induction to delivery intervals. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 56, 521-526. 23. Fossum T.W., 2013. Small Animal Surgery Textbook-E-Book. 6th ed., 737-741, Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia. 24. Alaçam E., 2010. Evcil Hayvanlarda Doğum ve İnfertilite. 7th ed., 391, Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara. 25. Özyurtlu N., 2012. Köpeklerde piyometra ve tedavi seçeneklerine kısa bir bakış. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2012, 34-36.
Abstract
Anesthetic substances are used in cesarean and pyometra operations, which are frequently applied in veterinary birth and gynecology, both to eliminate the feeling of the ache and the pain of the patient and to ensure the safety of physicians and their assistants. Premedication, carried out in cesarean and pyometra operations, prevents stress and anxiety that may occur in the mother during the oxygenation and intravenous catheterization that will be applied in preoperative period. However, a balanced and effective medication causes to reduce the amount of anesthetic substance to be used for induction. Sedative-hypnotic (thiopental, propofol, alfaxalone, and etomidate), dissociative (Ketamine HCL) and inhalation agents (isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane) are frequently used for induction. Due to their physicochemical properties, the anesthetic and analgesic substances to be used on pregnant animals show their effects by crossing the blood-brain barrier. This situation causes the anesthetic substances can pass easily the placental barrier and to be seen adverse effects on the fetus. There is no protocol that can only anesthetize the mother without affecting the offspring. Therefore, anesthesia protocol that affects minimally both mother and offspring should be chosen. As in pyometra animals, renal failure, cardiac arrhythmia and hepatic dysfunction are observed, an appropriate anesthesia protocol should be chosen against these problems. This compilation is prepared to give information about safe and effective anesthetic substances and anesthesia protocols that can be used on patients undergoing cesarean and pyometra operations
References
- 1. Tranquilli WJ., Thurmon JC., Grimm KA., 2007. Lumb and Jones Veterinary Anesthesia And Analgesia. 4th ed., 330-335, Blackwell Publishing, Britain. 2. Koç B., Sarıtaş Z., Şener O., 2004. Veteriner Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon. 1th ed., 69-71, Medipress, Malatya. 3. Topal A., 2005. Veteriner Anestezi. 1th ed., 143-147, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, Bursa. 4. Anadol E., Gültiken N., 2014. Kedi ve köpeklerde güç doğum olgusuna şirurjikal yaklaşım ve anestezi seçenekleri. Dicle Üniv Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 15-40. 5. Tranquilli WJ., Thurmon JC., Grimm KA., 2015. Lumb and Jones Veterinary Anesthesia And Analgesia. 5st ed., 330-335, Blackwell Publishing, Britain. 6. Clarke KW., Trim CM., Hall LW., 2014. Veterinary Anaesthesia. 11th ed., 587-598, Saunders Elsevier, Britain. 7. De Cramer KGM., Joubert KE., Nöthling JO., 2017. Puppy survival and vigor associated with the use of low dose medetomidine premedication, propofol induction and maintenance of anesthesia using sevoflurane gas-inhalation for cesarean section in the bitch. Theriogenology, 96, 10-15. 8. Groppetti D., Di Cesare F., Pecile A., Cagnardi P., Merlanti R., D'Urso ES., Ravasio G., 2019. Maternal and neonatal wellbeing during elective C-section induced with a combination of propofol and dexmedetomidine: How effective is the placental barrier in dogs?. Theriogenology, 129, 90-98. 9. Conde Ruiz C., Del Carro AP., Rosset E., Guyot E., Maroiller L., Buff S., Portier K., 2016. Alfaxalone for total intravenous anaesthesia in bitches undergoing elective caesarean section and its effects on puppies: A randomized clinical trial. Vet Anaesth Analg, 43, 281-290. 10. Self I., 2019. Anaesthesia for canine caesarean section. Companion Anim, 24, 84-90. 11. Koç B., Sarıtaş Z., Şenel O., 2012. Veteriner Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon. 2ed., 69-71, Malatya, Medipress. 12. Mathews KA., Sinclair M., Andrea MS., Tamara G., 2018. Analgesia and Anesthesia for the III or Injured Dog and Cat. 1th., 279, USA, Wıley Blackwell. 13. Kanay B., Altan S., 2015. Gebe hayvanlarda anestezi yöntemleri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci, 1, 52-57. 14. Moon PF., Erb HN., Ludders JW., Gleed RD., Pascoe PJ., 2000. Perioperative risk factors for puppies delivered by cesarean section in the United States and Canada. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 36, 359-368. 15. Moon Massat PF., Erb HN., 2002. Perioperative factors associated with puppy vigor after delivery by cesarean section. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 38, 90-96. 16. Lemke KA., 2004. Perioperative use of selective alpha-2 agonists and antagonists in small animals. Can Vet J, 45, 475. 17. Sinclair MD., 2003. A review of the physiological effects of α2-agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice. Can Vet J, 44, 885. 18. Clarke K., Trim C., Hall L., 2014. Veterinary anesthesia. 11th ed., 19-63, Saunders, Elsevier, Britain. 19. Traas A., 2008. Surgical management of canine and feline dystocia. Theriogenology, 70, 337-342. 20. Doebeli A., Michel E., Bettschart R., Hartnack S., Reichler IM., 2013. Apgar score after induction of anesthesia for canine cesarean section with alfaxalone versus propofol. Theriogenology, 80, 850-854. 21. Robertson, S., Anaesthetic management for caesarean sections in dogs and cats. In Practice, 2016. 38, 327-339. 22. Hu L., Pan J., Zhang S., Yu J., He K., Shu S., Wang R., 2017. Propofol in combination with remifentanil for cesarean section: Placental transfer and effect on mothers and newborns at different induction to delivery intervals. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 56, 521-526. 23. Fossum T.W., 2013. Small Animal Surgery Textbook-E-Book. 6th ed., 737-741, Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia. 24. Alaçam E., 2010. Evcil Hayvanlarda Doğum ve İnfertilite. 7th ed., 391, Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara. 25. Özyurtlu N., 2012. Köpeklerde piyometra ve tedavi seçeneklerine kısa bir bakış. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2012, 34-36.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Derlemeler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 15 Issue: 1 |