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Diabetes Mellitus Tip 2 ve Egzersiz

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 1 - 10, 30.11.2018

Abstract

Egzersiz, metabolizma üzerinde güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Vücudun egzersiz tarafından uyarılan
değişikliklere adapte olması, kas kasılması ve fizyolojik fonksiyonlar için gerekli enerjisinin
sağlanabilmesinin temelidir. Egzersizin yoğunluğuna ve süresine bağlı olarak, enerji elde etmek
ve homeostatik kontrol için farklı mekanizmalar devreye girer. Akut egzersiz sırasında ortaya
çıkan akut değişiklikleri ayırt etmek mümkündür. Düzenli egzersiz ise, kronik adaptasyonlarla
egzersiz kapasitesini artırabilir ve Tip 2 diyabetik hastalarda enerji metabolizmasını etkileyebilir.
Düzenli egzersiz antrenmanları, iskelet kası insülin hassasiyetini artırabilir ve Tip 2 diyabetin
önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde önemli bir araç olarak kabul edilir. Bu derleme, haftada en az
150 dk veya daha fazla, orta-şiddetli egzersiz yapması gereken Tip 2 diyabetik yetişkin
hastalara odaklanmıştır. Egzersizler haftada en az 3 gün, 2 ardışık gün ara vermeyecek şekilde
uygulanmalıdır. Yüksek şiddette veya aralıklı antrenman süreleri (minimum 75 dk/hafta)
daha genç ve fiziksel olarak uygun bireyler için yeterli olabilir. Diyabetik hasta, arka arkaya
olmayan günlerde 2-3 seans/hafta direnç egzersizine katılmalıdır. Diyabetli yaşlı yetişkinler
için esneklik eğitimi ve denge eğitimi 2-3 kez/hafta önerilir. Esnekliği, kas gücünü ve dengeyi
artırmak için bireysel tercihlere göre yoga ve tai chi eklenebilir. Ayrıca diyabetin uzun dönem
komplikasyonlarının varlığında egzersiz reçete edilmesi konusunda da önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
  

References

  • 1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2017. Prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2017; 40(1): 44- 48. 2. Fujimoto T, Kemppainen J, Kalliokoski KK et al. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake response to exercise in trained and untrained men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35(5): 777-783. 3. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2016. Foundations of care and comprehensive medical evaluation. Diabetes Care 2016; 39(1): 23-35. 4. ACSM and ADA Joint Point Statement. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42(12): 2282-2303. 6. Holten MK, Zacho M, Gaster M et al. Strength training increases insulin-mediated glucose uptake, GLUT4 content, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2004; 53(2): 294-305. 7. Kennedy JW, Hirshman MF, Gervino EV, et al. Acute exercise induces GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle of normal human subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 1999; 48(5): 1192-7. 8. Khan A, Pessin J. Insulin regulation of glucose uptake: a complex interplay of intracellular signalling pathway. Diabetologia 2002; 45(11): 1475-1483. 9. Chiang S-H, Baumann CA, Kanzaki M et al. Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation requires the CAP-dependent activation of TC10. Nature 2001; 410: 944-948. 10. Thong FS, Bilan PJ and Klip A. The Rab GTPase-activating protein AS160 integrates Akt, protein kinase C, and AMP-activated protein kinase signals regulating GLUT4 traffic. Diabetes 2007; 56(2): 414-423. 11. Hardie DG and Sakamoto K. AMPK: a key sensor of fuel and energy status in skeletal muscle. Physiology 2006; 21(1): 48-60. 12. Virkamäki A, Ueki K and Kahn CR. Proteinprotein interaction in insulin signaling and the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 1999; 103(7): 931-943. 13. Winnick JJ, Sherman WM, Habash DL et al. Short-term aerobic exercise training in obese humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus improves whole-body insulin sensitivity through gains in peripheral, not hepatic insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008; 93(3): 771-8. 14. Christ-Roberts CY, Pratipanawatr T, Pratipanawatr W et al. Exercise training increases glycogen synthase activity and GLUT4 expression but not insulin signaling in overweight nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. Metabolism 2004; 53(9): 1233-42. 15. Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins in adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trials. Public Health 2007; 121(9): 643- 55. 16. Pruchnic R, Katsiaras A, He J et al. Exercise training increases intramyocellular lipid and oxidative capacity in older adults. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 287(5): e857-62. 17. Ibanez J, Izquierdo M, Arguelles I et al. Twiceweekly progressive resistance training decreases abdominal fat and improves insulin sensitivity in older men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28(3): 662-7. 18. Larose J, Sigal RJ et al. Effect of exercise training on physical fitness in type II diabetes mellitus. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42(8): 1439- 1447. 19. Boule NG, Haddad E, Kenny GP et al. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA 2001; 286: 1218- 1227. 20. Church TS, Blair SN, Cocreham S et al. Effects of aerobic and resistance training on hemoglobin A1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010; 304: 2253-2262. 21. Boule NG, Kenny GP, Haddad E et al. Metaanalysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 1071-1081. 22. Yates T, Khunti K, Bull F et al. The role of physical activity in the management of impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review. Diabetologia 2007; 50(6): 1116-1126. 23. Ross R, Dagnone D, Jones PJ et al. Reduction in obesity and related comorbid conditions after diet-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss in men: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 133(2): 92-103. 24. Lee S, Kuk JL, Davidson LE et al. Exercise without weight loss is an effective strategy for obesity reduction in obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. J Appl Phys 2005; 99(3): 1220-1225. 25. Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X, He J. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 2002; 136(7): 493-503. 26. Laaksonen DE, Atalay M, Niskanen LK et al. Aerobic exercise and the lipid profile in type 1 diabetic men: a randomized controlled trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32(9): 1541-1548. 27. Kurdak H, Sandikci S, Ergen N et al. The Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise on Renal Functions in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. J Sports Sci Med 2010; 9(2): 294-299. 28. Goldfarb AH and Jamurtas AZ. P-endorphin response to exercise an update. Sports Medicine 1997; 24(1): 8-16. 29. Foster PP, Rosenblatt KP, Kuljiš RO. Exerciseinduced cognitive plasticity, implications for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurol 2011; 2(28): 1-15. 30. TEMD Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının Tanı, Tedavi ve İzlem Kılavuzu-2017 31. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: e147-e167. 32. Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Wasserman DH, Castaneda-Sceppa C. Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(10): 2518- 2539. 33. Katzmarzyk PT, Church TS, Craig CL, Bouchard C. Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41(5): 998-1005. 34. Durstine JL , Moore G , Painter P, Roberts S. ACSM’s Exercise Management for Persons with Chronic Diseases and Disabilities-3th ed. American College of Sports Medicine, USD, 2009. 35. Spallone V, Ziegler D, Freeman R et al. Toronto Consensus Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: clinical impact, assessment, diagnosis, and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27: 639-653. 36. Pop-Busui R, Evans GW, Gerstein HC et al. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of cardiac autonomic dysfunction on mortality risk in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1578-1584 37. Grace A, Chan E, Giallauria F et al. Clinical outcomes and glycaemic responses to different aerobic exercise training intensities in type II diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16(1): 37. 38. Mexx RC, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Moonen-Kornips E et al. Restoration of muscle mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetes by exercise training ıs paralleled by ıncreased myocellular fat storage and ımproved ınsulin sensitivity. Diabetes 2010; 59(3): 572-579. 39. Sjøberg KA, Frøsig C, Kjøbsted R et al. Exercise increases human skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity via coordinated increases in microvascular perfusion and molecular signaling. Diabetes 2017; 66(6): 1501-1510. 40. Colberg SR. Exercise and Diabetes: A Clinician’s Guide to Prescribing Physical Activity. Alexandria, VA, American Diabetes Association, 2013.
Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 1 - 10, 30.11.2018

Abstract

References

  • 1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2017. Prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2017; 40(1): 44- 48. 2. Fujimoto T, Kemppainen J, Kalliokoski KK et al. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake response to exercise in trained and untrained men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35(5): 777-783. 3. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2016. Foundations of care and comprehensive medical evaluation. Diabetes Care 2016; 39(1): 23-35. 4. ACSM and ADA Joint Point Statement. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42(12): 2282-2303. 6. Holten MK, Zacho M, Gaster M et al. Strength training increases insulin-mediated glucose uptake, GLUT4 content, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2004; 53(2): 294-305. 7. Kennedy JW, Hirshman MF, Gervino EV, et al. Acute exercise induces GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle of normal human subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 1999; 48(5): 1192-7. 8. Khan A, Pessin J. Insulin regulation of glucose uptake: a complex interplay of intracellular signalling pathway. Diabetologia 2002; 45(11): 1475-1483. 9. Chiang S-H, Baumann CA, Kanzaki M et al. Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation requires the CAP-dependent activation of TC10. Nature 2001; 410: 944-948. 10. Thong FS, Bilan PJ and Klip A. The Rab GTPase-activating protein AS160 integrates Akt, protein kinase C, and AMP-activated protein kinase signals regulating GLUT4 traffic. Diabetes 2007; 56(2): 414-423. 11. Hardie DG and Sakamoto K. AMPK: a key sensor of fuel and energy status in skeletal muscle. Physiology 2006; 21(1): 48-60. 12. Virkamäki A, Ueki K and Kahn CR. Proteinprotein interaction in insulin signaling and the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 1999; 103(7): 931-943. 13. Winnick JJ, Sherman WM, Habash DL et al. Short-term aerobic exercise training in obese humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus improves whole-body insulin sensitivity through gains in peripheral, not hepatic insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008; 93(3): 771-8. 14. Christ-Roberts CY, Pratipanawatr T, Pratipanawatr W et al. Exercise training increases glycogen synthase activity and GLUT4 expression but not insulin signaling in overweight nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. Metabolism 2004; 53(9): 1233-42. 15. Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins in adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trials. Public Health 2007; 121(9): 643- 55. 16. Pruchnic R, Katsiaras A, He J et al. Exercise training increases intramyocellular lipid and oxidative capacity in older adults. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 287(5): e857-62. 17. Ibanez J, Izquierdo M, Arguelles I et al. Twiceweekly progressive resistance training decreases abdominal fat and improves insulin sensitivity in older men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28(3): 662-7. 18. Larose J, Sigal RJ et al. Effect of exercise training on physical fitness in type II diabetes mellitus. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42(8): 1439- 1447. 19. Boule NG, Haddad E, Kenny GP et al. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA 2001; 286: 1218- 1227. 20. Church TS, Blair SN, Cocreham S et al. Effects of aerobic and resistance training on hemoglobin A1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010; 304: 2253-2262. 21. Boule NG, Kenny GP, Haddad E et al. Metaanalysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 1071-1081. 22. Yates T, Khunti K, Bull F et al. The role of physical activity in the management of impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review. Diabetologia 2007; 50(6): 1116-1126. 23. Ross R, Dagnone D, Jones PJ et al. Reduction in obesity and related comorbid conditions after diet-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss in men: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 133(2): 92-103. 24. Lee S, Kuk JL, Davidson LE et al. Exercise without weight loss is an effective strategy for obesity reduction in obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. J Appl Phys 2005; 99(3): 1220-1225. 25. Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X, He J. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 2002; 136(7): 493-503. 26. Laaksonen DE, Atalay M, Niskanen LK et al. Aerobic exercise and the lipid profile in type 1 diabetic men: a randomized controlled trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32(9): 1541-1548. 27. Kurdak H, Sandikci S, Ergen N et al. The Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise on Renal Functions in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. J Sports Sci Med 2010; 9(2): 294-299. 28. Goldfarb AH and Jamurtas AZ. P-endorphin response to exercise an update. Sports Medicine 1997; 24(1): 8-16. 29. Foster PP, Rosenblatt KP, Kuljiš RO. Exerciseinduced cognitive plasticity, implications for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurol 2011; 2(28): 1-15. 30. TEMD Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının Tanı, Tedavi ve İzlem Kılavuzu-2017 31. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: e147-e167. 32. Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Wasserman DH, Castaneda-Sceppa C. Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(10): 2518- 2539. 33. Katzmarzyk PT, Church TS, Craig CL, Bouchard C. Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41(5): 998-1005. 34. Durstine JL , Moore G , Painter P, Roberts S. ACSM’s Exercise Management for Persons with Chronic Diseases and Disabilities-3th ed. American College of Sports Medicine, USD, 2009. 35. Spallone V, Ziegler D, Freeman R et al. Toronto Consensus Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: clinical impact, assessment, diagnosis, and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27: 639-653. 36. Pop-Busui R, Evans GW, Gerstein HC et al. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of cardiac autonomic dysfunction on mortality risk in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1578-1584 37. Grace A, Chan E, Giallauria F et al. Clinical outcomes and glycaemic responses to different aerobic exercise training intensities in type II diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16(1): 37. 38. Mexx RC, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Moonen-Kornips E et al. Restoration of muscle mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetes by exercise training ıs paralleled by ıncreased myocellular fat storage and ımproved ınsulin sensitivity. Diabetes 2010; 59(3): 572-579. 39. Sjøberg KA, Frøsig C, Kjøbsted R et al. Exercise increases human skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity via coordinated increases in microvascular perfusion and molecular signaling. Diabetes 2017; 66(6): 1501-1510. 40. Colberg SR. Exercise and Diabetes: A Clinician’s Guide to Prescribing Physical Activity. Alexandria, VA, American Diabetes Association, 2013.
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Rewiev
Authors

Nilay Ergen This is me

Publication Date November 30, 2018
Acceptance Date September 10, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 1 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ergen, N. (2018). Diabetes Mellitus Tip 2 ve Egzersiz. Tıp Fakültesi Klinikleri Dergisi, 1(3), 1-10.


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