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Postmenopozal Kadınlarda Saptanan Endometriyal Kalınlaşmanın değerlendirilmesinde ofis Histeroskopi ve Sonuçları

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 97 - 103, 09.08.2019

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada hiç semptomu olmayan veya en az bir kez kanama şikayeti yaşamış postmenopozal hastaların klinik ve histopatolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve yöntem: Retrospektif olarak Özel Bağlar Hastanesi, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum kliniğine başvuran 99 adet kadın değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Bu hastaların hepsi en az 2 yıldır menopozda olup semptom olarak menopozal süreçte ya kanama yaşamamış veya en az bir kez kanama geçirip hastaneye başvurmuşlardı. Endometrial kalınlaşma 5 mm ve üzerinde endometrium dokusu olarak kabul edilmiştir. Biyopsi işlemi direkt kaviteyi görerek ofis histeroskopi eşliğinde soğuk mikro makas ve punch biyopsi aleti ile yapıldı.

Bulgular: Yapılan histopatolojik değerlendirmede hastaların kanaması olmasa dahi kalın endometriumun değerlendirilmesinin önemli olduğu sonucuna varıldı. Kanamanın büyük bir bölümünü atrofik endometrium (n:46) oluşturup, kanaması olmayan kalın endometriumlu hastalar ağırlıklı olarak polip (n:19) histopatolojik tanısı almışlardı.

Sonuç: Postmenopozal kanama ile başvuran kadınlarda endometrial atrofi başta gelen neden olsa da ihmal edilmeden histopatolojik tanıya gidilmelidir. Benzer şekilde asemptomatik kalın endometriumu olan kadınlarda da ofis histeroskopi ve histopatolojik tanıya gidilmelidir.

References

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  • 4. Lasmar RB, Dias R, Barrozo PR et al. Prevalence of hysteroscopic findings and histologic diagnoses in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Fertil Steril 2008;89:1803-7.
  • 5. Giannella L, Mfuta K, Setti T et al. Diagnostic accuracy of endometrial thickness for the detection of intrauterine pathologies and appropriateness of performed hysteroscopies among asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014;177:29-33.
  • 6. Smith-Bindman R, Weiss E, Feldstein V. How thick is too thick? When endometrial thickness should prompt biopsy in postmenopausal women without vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004;24:558-65.
  • 7. Lalchandani S, Phillips K. Evaluation of endometrial cavity investigation option. Rev Gynecol Pract 2003;3:165-70.
  • 8. Bourdel N, Modaffri P, Tognazza E et al. Does experience in hysteroscopy improve accuracy and interobserver agreement in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding? Surg Endosc 2016;30:5558-64.
  • 9. Korkmazer E, Solak N, Üstünyurt E. Hysteroscopic assessment of postmenopausal endometrial thickening. Prz Menopauzalny 2014;13:330-33.
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  • 12. Smith-Bindman R, Kerlikowske K, Feldstein VA et al. Endovaginal ultrasound to exclude endometrial cancer and other endometrial abnormalities. JAMA 1998;280:1510-17.
  • 13. Hartman A, Wolfman W, Nayot D et al. Endometrial thickness in 1,500 asymp- tomatic postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2013;75:191-95.
  • 14. Alexopoulos ED, Simonis CD, Kidsley S et al. The value of outpatient hysteroscopy in the management of postmenopausal bleeding: a review of 862 cases. Gynaecol Endosc 2000;9:107-12.
  • 15. Arslan S, Aytan H, Gunyeli I et al. Offce hysteroscopic evaluation of endometrium: can we hit the target? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2005;271:200-2.
  • 16. Lasmar RB, Barrozo PRM, de Oliveira MA et al. Validation of hysteroscopic view in cases of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2006;13:409-12.
  • 17. Kurosawa H, Ito K, Nikura H et al. Hysteroscopic inspection and total curettage are insuffcient for discriminating endometrial cancer from atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Tohoku J Exp Med 2012;228:365-70.
  • 18. Lalchandani S, Phillips K. Evaluation of endometrial cavity investigation option. Rev Gynecol Prac 2003;3:165-70.
  • 19. Trojano G, Damiani GR, Casavola VC et al. The Role of Hysteroscopy in Evaluating Postmenopausal Asymptomatic Women with Thickened Endometrium. Gynecology and Minimal Invasive Therapy 2018;7:6-9.
  • 20. Colafranceschi M, Bettocchi S, Mencaglia L et al. Missed hysteroscopic detection of uterine carcinoma before endometrial resection: report of three cases Gynecol Oncol 1996;62:298-300.
  • 21. DeCherney AH, Polan ML. Hysteroscopic management of intrauterine lesions and intractable uterine bleeding. Obstet Gynecol 1983;61:392-97.
  • 22. Loffr FD. Hysteroscopy with selective endometrial sampling compared with D and C for abnormal uterine bleeding: The value of a negative hysteroscopic view. Obstet Gynecol 1989;73:16-20.
  • 23. Kalampokas T, Gregoriou O, Grigoriadis et al. Comparing transvaginally defined endometrial thickness with hysteroscopic and histopathologic findings in asyptomatic postmenopausal women. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 2012;33:508-19.
  • 24. Romano S, Shimoni Y, Muralee D et al. Retrograde seeding of endometrial carcinoma during hysteroscopy. Gynecol Oncol 1992;44:116- 24.
  • 25. Shmitz MJ, Nahhas WA. Hysteroscopy may transport malignant cells into the peritoneal cavity. Eur J Gynecol Oncol 1994;2:121-25.
  • 26. Egarter C, Krestan C, Kurz C. Abdominal dissemination of malignant cells with hysteroscopy. Case report. Gynecol Oncol 1996;63:143-47.
  • 27. Obermaier A, Geramou M, Gucer F et al. Does hysteroscopy facilitate tumor cell dissemination? Cancer 2000;88:139-44.
  • 28. Arikan G, Reich O, Weiss U et al. Are endometrial carcinoma cells disseminated at hysteroscopy functionally viable? Gynecol Oncol 2001;83:221-27.
  • 29. Creasman WT, Lukeman J. Role of the fallopian tube in dissemination of malignant cells in corpus cancer. Cancer 1972;29:456-63.
  • 30. Loverro G, Bettocchi S, Cormio G et al. Diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopy in endometrial hyperplasia. Maturitas 1996;25:187-91.
  • 31. Guin G, Sandhu SK, Lele A et al. Hysteroscopy in evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2011;61:546-49.
Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 97 - 103, 09.08.2019

Abstract

References

  • 1. Siegel R, Ma J, Zou Z, et al. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:9-29.
  • 2. 2014 yılı Türkiye Kanser İstatistikleri. http:// kanser.gov.tr/index.php/daire-faaliyetleri/kanseristatistikleri/2016-2014-yılı-türkiye-kanseristatistikleri. (2 March 2018).
  • 3. Elfayomy AK, Habib FA, Elkablawy MA. Role of hysteroscopy in the detection of endometrial pathologies in women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012;285:839-43.
  • 4. Lasmar RB, Dias R, Barrozo PR et al. Prevalence of hysteroscopic findings and histologic diagnoses in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Fertil Steril 2008;89:1803-7.
  • 5. Giannella L, Mfuta K, Setti T et al. Diagnostic accuracy of endometrial thickness for the detection of intrauterine pathologies and appropriateness of performed hysteroscopies among asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014;177:29-33.
  • 6. Smith-Bindman R, Weiss E, Feldstein V. How thick is too thick? When endometrial thickness should prompt biopsy in postmenopausal women without vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004;24:558-65.
  • 7. Lalchandani S, Phillips K. Evaluation of endometrial cavity investigation option. Rev Gynecol Pract 2003;3:165-70.
  • 8. Bourdel N, Modaffri P, Tognazza E et al. Does experience in hysteroscopy improve accuracy and interobserver agreement in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding? Surg Endosc 2016;30:5558-64.
  • 9. Korkmazer E, Solak N, Üstünyurt E. Hysteroscopic assessment of postmenopausal endometrial thickening. Prz Menopauzalny 2014;13:330-33.
  • 10. Carlson JA, Arger P, Thompson S et al. Clinical and pathologic correlation of endometrial cavity flid detected by ultrasound in the postmenopausal patient. Obstet Gynecol 1991;77:119–23.
  • 11. Bar-Hava I, Orvieto R, Ferber A et al. Asymptomatic postmenopausal intrauterine flid accumulation: characterization and significance. Climacteric 1998;1:279-83.
  • 12. Smith-Bindman R, Kerlikowske K, Feldstein VA et al. Endovaginal ultrasound to exclude endometrial cancer and other endometrial abnormalities. JAMA 1998;280:1510-17.
  • 13. Hartman A, Wolfman W, Nayot D et al. Endometrial thickness in 1,500 asymp- tomatic postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2013;75:191-95.
  • 14. Alexopoulos ED, Simonis CD, Kidsley S et al. The value of outpatient hysteroscopy in the management of postmenopausal bleeding: a review of 862 cases. Gynaecol Endosc 2000;9:107-12.
  • 15. Arslan S, Aytan H, Gunyeli I et al. Offce hysteroscopic evaluation of endometrium: can we hit the target? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2005;271:200-2.
  • 16. Lasmar RB, Barrozo PRM, de Oliveira MA et al. Validation of hysteroscopic view in cases of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2006;13:409-12.
  • 17. Kurosawa H, Ito K, Nikura H et al. Hysteroscopic inspection and total curettage are insuffcient for discriminating endometrial cancer from atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Tohoku J Exp Med 2012;228:365-70.
  • 18. Lalchandani S, Phillips K. Evaluation of endometrial cavity investigation option. Rev Gynecol Prac 2003;3:165-70.
  • 19. Trojano G, Damiani GR, Casavola VC et al. The Role of Hysteroscopy in Evaluating Postmenopausal Asymptomatic Women with Thickened Endometrium. Gynecology and Minimal Invasive Therapy 2018;7:6-9.
  • 20. Colafranceschi M, Bettocchi S, Mencaglia L et al. Missed hysteroscopic detection of uterine carcinoma before endometrial resection: report of three cases Gynecol Oncol 1996;62:298-300.
  • 21. DeCherney AH, Polan ML. Hysteroscopic management of intrauterine lesions and intractable uterine bleeding. Obstet Gynecol 1983;61:392-97.
  • 22. Loffr FD. Hysteroscopy with selective endometrial sampling compared with D and C for abnormal uterine bleeding: The value of a negative hysteroscopic view. Obstet Gynecol 1989;73:16-20.
  • 23. Kalampokas T, Gregoriou O, Grigoriadis et al. Comparing transvaginally defined endometrial thickness with hysteroscopic and histopathologic findings in asyptomatic postmenopausal women. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 2012;33:508-19.
  • 24. Romano S, Shimoni Y, Muralee D et al. Retrograde seeding of endometrial carcinoma during hysteroscopy. Gynecol Oncol 1992;44:116- 24.
  • 25. Shmitz MJ, Nahhas WA. Hysteroscopy may transport malignant cells into the peritoneal cavity. Eur J Gynecol Oncol 1994;2:121-25.
  • 26. Egarter C, Krestan C, Kurz C. Abdominal dissemination of malignant cells with hysteroscopy. Case report. Gynecol Oncol 1996;63:143-47.
  • 27. Obermaier A, Geramou M, Gucer F et al. Does hysteroscopy facilitate tumor cell dissemination? Cancer 2000;88:139-44.
  • 28. Arikan G, Reich O, Weiss U et al. Are endometrial carcinoma cells disseminated at hysteroscopy functionally viable? Gynecol Oncol 2001;83:221-27.
  • 29. Creasman WT, Lukeman J. Role of the fallopian tube in dissemination of malignant cells in corpus cancer. Cancer 1972;29:456-63.
  • 30. Loverro G, Bettocchi S, Cormio G et al. Diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopy in endometrial hyperplasia. Maturitas 1996;25:187-91.
  • 31. Guin G, Sandhu SK, Lele A et al. Hysteroscopy in evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2011;61:546-49.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Elif Ganime Aydeniz This is me

Talat Umut Kutlu Dilek This is me

Publication Date August 9, 2019
Acceptance Date July 16, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aydeniz, E. G., & Dilek, T. U. K. (2019). Postmenopozal Kadınlarda Saptanan Endometriyal Kalınlaşmanın değerlendirilmesinde ofis Histeroskopi ve Sonuçları. Tıp Fakültesi Klinikleri Dergisi, 2(3), 97-103.


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