Pürinerjik Sinyal Sistemi ve Diyabet

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 125 - 134, 15.11.2024

Süleyman İnce , Ahu Soyocak

Abstract

"Pürinerjik" terimi, 1972'de Geoffrey Burnstock tarafından tanımlanmış ve nükleotidlerin hücre dışı sinyal molekülleri olarak işlev gördüğü ortaya konulmuştur. İlerleyen araştırmalar, ATP'nin bir nörotransmiter olarak rol oynadığını ve adenozin, ADP, UTP, UDP gibi diğer nükleotidlerin de hücresel süreçlerde önemli olduğunu göstermiştir. Burnstock'un çalışmaları, pürinerjik reseptörlerin kanser, enflamatuar hastalıklar, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve diyabet gibi birçok hastalığın mekanizmalarında etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Pürinerjik reseptörler, P1 ve P2 olmak üzere iki ana gruba ayrılır. P1 reseptörleri, adenozin tarafından aktive edilir ve A1, A2A, A2B, A3 alt tiplerinden oluşur. P2 reseptörleri ise P2X ligand kapılı iyon kanalı ve P2Y G-protein ilişkili reseptörler olarak iki alt sınıfa ayrılır. P2X reseptörleri ATP tarafından, P2Y reseptörleri ise ATP, ADP, UTP ve UDP gibi nükleotidler tarafından aktive edilir. Pürinerjik sistem, diyabet hastalığının patogenezinde ve komplikasyonlarında önemli rol oynar. ATP, pankreatik β hücrelerinde insülin sekresyonunu düzenlerken, adenosin reseptörleri de insülin sekresyonunu ve β hücre proliferasyonunu etkiler. Diyabetin başlangıcında, ATP hasarla ilişkili moleküler modeller (DAMPs) olarak işlev görerek inflamasyona yol açar. Ayrıca, pürinerjik reseptörler metabolik olarak aktif dokularda yaygın olarak ifade edilir ve diyabetin patofizyolojik süreçlerinde kritik rol oynar. Sonuç olarak, pürinerjik sistemin diyabet ve ilgili komplikasyonların tedavisinde potansiyel bir hedef olduğu görülmektedir. Pürinerjik reseptörlerin farmakolojik manipülasyonu, diyabetin yönetiminde yeni tedavi stratejileri geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir.

Keywords

Pürinerjik Sistem, Diyabet, Pürinerjik Reseptörler

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