Controlling some devices in
their daily life for the handicapped-paralyzed people and ALS (Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis) patients is an important challenge. In this study, a
wearable system, called SmartEyes, is developed. The system is controlled by
the eye movements of the user. With the help of this system, two groups of
facilities are provided. The first is: communicating with predefined voiced
messages, valuable especially for people who are unable to talk, and the second
is: controlling some peripherals which are in the range around the user. The novelty
of the developed system is that it navigates among the menus by means of the
eye movements with the help of synthesized voice messages and without a need to
sit across a monitor. In the control part, both the infrared (IR) and radio
frequency (RF) wireless technologies were employed. The details of the
peripheral control operations, namely: controlling the desk light, rolling
curtain, TV, air conditioner and the sickbed, are explained in detail. The test
results show that the system works quite satisfactorily in tracing and
implementing the commands given by the user’s pupil gaze directions. We found that the overall
satisfaction is quite high by yielding a total average survey score of 4.7 out
of 5.We
believe that the developed system offers a practical and efficient solution for
making the lives of handicapped-paralyzed people and ALS patients easier. We
carry on improving the skills of our SmartEyes system.
[1] SmartNav (www.naturalpoint.com – last visit: 29.09.2017)
[2] Nakashima H, et al. Vision device to support independent life for people with serious disability. Multimedia Technology (ICMT), 2011 International Conference on. IEEE, 2011. p. 6160-6163.
[3] Ice Bucket Challenge (http://www.alsa.org/fight-als/ice-bucket-challenge.html - last visit: 29.09.2017)
[4] Maehara T, et al. A communication system for ALS patients using eye-direction. IEEE EMBS Asian-Pacific Conference on. IEEE, 2003. p. 274-275.
[5] Yamada M and Fukuda T. Eye word processor (EWP) and peripheral controller for the ALS patient. IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), 1987, 134.4: 328-330.
[6] Poole A and Ball L J. Eye tracking in HCI and usability research. Encyclopedia of human computer interaction, 2006, 1: 211-219.
[7] Cuong N H and Hoang H T. Eye-gaze detection with a single WebCAM based on geometry features extraction. Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), 2010 11th International Conference on. IEEE, 2010. p. 2507-2512.
[8] Pérez A, Córdoba M L, García A, Méndez R, Muñoz M L, Pedraza J L, Sánchez F A . Precise eye-gaze detection and tracking system. WSCG’2003, February 3-7, 2003, Plzen, Czech Republic.
[9] Pathak Y, Akhare S, Lambe V. Iris movement tracking by morphological operations for direction control. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 7, September – 2012.
[10] Durna Y and Arı F. Design of a binocular pupil and gaze point detection system utilizing high definition images. Applied Sciences, 2017, 7.5: 498.
[11] Akashi T, et al. Using genetic algorithm for eye detection and tracking in video sequence. Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 2007, 5.2: 72-78.
[12] Sümer E, Uslu B, Türker M. An eye-controlled wearable communication and control system for ALS patients: SmartEyes. Sigma J. Eng & Natural Sciences 2017; 8(2): 107-116.
[13] Uslu İ.B., Sümer E., Türker M. and Arı F. ALS hastaları için göz bebeği hareketlerine dayalı çevre birimi kontrolü (in Turkish). Otomatik Kontrol Ulusal Toplantısı (TOK-2016), Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, 29.09 – 01.10.2016.
[14] Remote Control System RC-5 Including Command Tables, Philips Semiconductors, December 1992, Publication No. 9388 706 23011
[15] Arduino VirtualWire for PIC Controllers (http://www.enide.net/webcms/?page=virtualwire-for-pic – last visit: 29.09.2017)
Year 2017,
Volume: 18 Issue: 4, 763 - 776, 31.10.2017
[1] SmartNav (www.naturalpoint.com – last visit: 29.09.2017)
[2] Nakashima H, et al. Vision device to support independent life for people with serious disability. Multimedia Technology (ICMT), 2011 International Conference on. IEEE, 2011. p. 6160-6163.
[3] Ice Bucket Challenge (http://www.alsa.org/fight-als/ice-bucket-challenge.html - last visit: 29.09.2017)
[4] Maehara T, et al. A communication system for ALS patients using eye-direction. IEEE EMBS Asian-Pacific Conference on. IEEE, 2003. p. 274-275.
[5] Yamada M and Fukuda T. Eye word processor (EWP) and peripheral controller for the ALS patient. IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews), 1987, 134.4: 328-330.
[6] Poole A and Ball L J. Eye tracking in HCI and usability research. Encyclopedia of human computer interaction, 2006, 1: 211-219.
[7] Cuong N H and Hoang H T. Eye-gaze detection with a single WebCAM based on geometry features extraction. Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), 2010 11th International Conference on. IEEE, 2010. p. 2507-2512.
[8] Pérez A, Córdoba M L, García A, Méndez R, Muñoz M L, Pedraza J L, Sánchez F A . Precise eye-gaze detection and tracking system. WSCG’2003, February 3-7, 2003, Plzen, Czech Republic.
[9] Pathak Y, Akhare S, Lambe V. Iris movement tracking by morphological operations for direction control. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 7, September – 2012.
[10] Durna Y and Arı F. Design of a binocular pupil and gaze point detection system utilizing high definition images. Applied Sciences, 2017, 7.5: 498.
[11] Akashi T, et al. Using genetic algorithm for eye detection and tracking in video sequence. Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 2007, 5.2: 72-78.
[12] Sümer E, Uslu B, Türker M. An eye-controlled wearable communication and control system for ALS patients: SmartEyes. Sigma J. Eng & Natural Sciences 2017; 8(2): 107-116.
[13] Uslu İ.B., Sümer E., Türker M. and Arı F. ALS hastaları için göz bebeği hareketlerine dayalı çevre birimi kontrolü (in Turkish). Otomatik Kontrol Ulusal Toplantısı (TOK-2016), Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir, 29.09 – 01.10.2016.
[14] Remote Control System RC-5 Including Command Tables, Philips Semiconductors, December 1992, Publication No. 9388 706 23011
[15] Arduino VirtualWire for PIC Controllers (http://www.enide.net/webcms/?page=virtualwire-for-pic – last visit: 29.09.2017)
Uslu, İ. B., Arı, F., Sümer, E., Türker, M. (2017). EYE MOVEMENT CONTROLLED PERIPHERALS FOR THE HANDICAPPED-PARALYZED PEOPLE AND ALS PATIENTS. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering, 18(4), 763-776. https://doi.org/10.18038/aubtda.340796
AMA
Uslu İB, Arı F, Sümer E, Türker M. EYE MOVEMENT CONTROLLED PERIPHERALS FOR THE HANDICAPPED-PARALYZED PEOPLE AND ALS PATIENTS. AUJST-A. October 2017;18(4):763-776. doi:10.18038/aubtda.340796
Chicago
Uslu, İ. Baran, Fikret Arı, Emre Sümer, and Mustafa Türker. “EYE MOVEMENT CONTROLLED PERIPHERALS FOR THE HANDICAPPED-PARALYZED PEOPLE AND ALS PATIENTS”. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering 18, no. 4 (October 2017): 763-76. https://doi.org/10.18038/aubtda.340796.
EndNote
Uslu İB, Arı F, Sümer E, Türker M (October 1, 2017) EYE MOVEMENT CONTROLLED PERIPHERALS FOR THE HANDICAPPED-PARALYZED PEOPLE AND ALS PATIENTS. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering 18 4 763–776.
IEEE
İ. B. Uslu, F. Arı, E. Sümer, and M. Türker, “EYE MOVEMENT CONTROLLED PERIPHERALS FOR THE HANDICAPPED-PARALYZED PEOPLE AND ALS PATIENTS”, AUJST-A, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 763–776, 2017, doi: 10.18038/aubtda.340796.
ISNAD
Uslu, İ. Baran et al. “EYE MOVEMENT CONTROLLED PERIPHERALS FOR THE HANDICAPPED-PARALYZED PEOPLE AND ALS PATIENTS”. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering 18/4 (October 2017), 763-776. https://doi.org/10.18038/aubtda.340796.
JAMA
Uslu İB, Arı F, Sümer E, Türker M. EYE MOVEMENT CONTROLLED PERIPHERALS FOR THE HANDICAPPED-PARALYZED PEOPLE AND ALS PATIENTS. AUJST-A. 2017;18:763–776.
MLA
Uslu, İ. Baran et al. “EYE MOVEMENT CONTROLLED PERIPHERALS FOR THE HANDICAPPED-PARALYZED PEOPLE AND ALS PATIENTS”. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4, 2017, pp. 763-76, doi:10.18038/aubtda.340796.
Vancouver
Uslu İB, Arı F, Sümer E, Türker M. EYE MOVEMENT CONTROLLED PERIPHERALS FOR THE HANDICAPPED-PARALYZED PEOPLE AND ALS PATIENTS. AUJST-A. 2017;18(4):763-76.